European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of caffeine as an ergogenic aid in multiple cycling time trials.","authors":"Ítalo Vinícius, Cayque Brietzke, Paulo Franco-Alvarenga, Gustavo Vasconcelos, Bryan Saunders, Tony Meireles Santos, Flávio Oliveira Pires","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05680-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05680-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Evidence that caffeine supplementation is effective to improve performance in cycling time trials has been obtained in single rather than multiple time trials. We investigated whether 5 mg.kg^-1 of caffeine enhanced performance in multiple 4 km cycling time trials (TT4km) conducted within the same day and across different days.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After selection of eligible cyclists and familiarization with the TT4km, thirteen well-trained cyclists participated in a balanced placebo-controlled designed with two caffeine sessions (CAF-1 and CAF-2) and a placebo session. In each session, cyclists performed a baseline TT4km before caffeine, and two supplemented TT4km (50 min and 80 min after supplementation). Relative and absolute reliability were obtained through intraclass coefficient correlation and standard error of the measurement (SEM), respectively. The cyclists' performance responses to caffeine were classified as beneficial, unchanged, and adverse by calculating the change between caffeine and placebo relative to SEM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caffeine enhanced performance in the first supplemented TT4km in CAF-1 and CAF-2 (0.5% and 1.8%, respectively), although only CAF-2 was significantly different from placebo (p < 0.001). Analysis with grouped data showed good absolute and relative reliability of caffeine effects within and across days. However, analysis of individual data showed that 38% and 31% of the cyclists changed their classification of responsiveness to caffeine between the supplemented trials across days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the good reliability of caffeine to enhance performance in a single TT4km performed within and across days, individual analysis challenged the use of caffeine supplementation protocols based on grouped data.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1361-1370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No impairment of maximal oxygen uptake in patients diagnosed with long COVID?","authors":"René Garbsch, Frank C Mooren, Boris Schmitz","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05713-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05713-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1501-1502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of intra-training carbohydrate ingestion in CrossFit® trained adults: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.","authors":"Alejandro R Triviño, Carlos Díaz-Romero, Juan J Martin-Olmedo, Pablo Jiménez-Martínez, Carlos Alix-Fages, Magdalena Cwiklinska, Daniela Pérez, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05689-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05689-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbohydrate (CHO) intake during exercise could decrease the subjective perceived exertion and promote recovery; however, the effects of intra-training CHO ingestion remain uncertain in CrossFit® (CF) sessions. Therefore, the aim of this randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was to investigate the effect of acute CHO intake during a CF session on the delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), the perceived exertion (RPE), performance, recovery, and metabolic markers (capillary lactate and glucose) in CF athletes. Twenty-three male athletes trained in CF ingested CHO (60 g of maltodextrin + fructose) or a placebo (PLA) during a CF session. DOMS was assessed 24 and 48 h after the CF session. The Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) test and the Deep Squat test at 70% of the athlete's body weight (AST70) were performed before, immediately after, and 24 h after the session. Perceived exertion, Feeling Scale (FS), Gastrointestinal Distress Score (GDS), heart rate, capillary lactate, and glucose were assessed across the session. CHO supplementation did not improve DOMS (all P ≥ 0.127), CMJ, or AST70 parameters (all P ≥ 0.053) compared to PLA. There were no differences between CHO and PLA in RPE, FS, GDS, heart rate (all P ≥ 0.088), performance (e.g., nº of repetitions; all P ≥ 0.556), or lactate levels (P = 0.810). However, glucose levels increased from the back squat to the WOD and remained stable after the AMRAP (P < 0.001). In conclusion, acute CHO intake during a CF session did not improve DOMS, perceived exertion, performance, recovery, or metabolic markers in CF athletes. TRN: NCT06440343. Date: 2024-05-10.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1337-1347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of eccentric-based resistance exercise on bone (re)modelling markers across the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive cycle.","authors":"Isabel Guisado-Cuadrado, Nuria Romero-Parra, Rocío Cupeiro, Kirsty J Elliott-Sale, Craig Sale, Ana B Peinado","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05693-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05693-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the acute effects of eccentric-based resistance exercise and sex-hormone fluctuations on P1NP and β-CTX-1 concentrations in premenopausal females.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nine eumenorrheic females and ten oral contraceptive (OC) users performed eccentric-based resistance exercise, consisted of 10 × 10 repetitions of parallel back squats with a 4-s eccentric phase, in the early-follicular (EFP), late-follicular (LFP) and mid-luteal (MLP) phases of the menstrual cycle (MC) or in the withdrawal (WP) and active pill-taking (APP) phases of the OC cycle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>17β-oestradiol (pg·ml^-1) was lower in EFP (36.63 ± 29.93) compared to LFP (224.81 ± 233.81; p ≤ 0.001) and MLP (161.45 ± 110.08; p < 0.001) and higher in WP (24.857 ± 29.428) compared to APP (12.72 ± 13.36; p = 0.004). Progesterone (ng·ml-1) was higher in MLP (8.30 ± 5.23) compared to EFP (0.33 ± 0.33; p < 0.001) and LFP (0.21 ± 0.18; p < 0.001), no significant differences were observed between the WP and APP. In eumenorrheic females, β-CTX-1 (ng·ml^-1) was lower in MLP (0.395 ± 0.126) compared to LFP (0.472 ± 0.137; p = 0.044). Comparing MC vs OC phases, eumenorrheic females had higher P1NP levels (ng·ml^-1) compared to OC users: EFP (62.54 ± 13.13) vs APP (50.69 ± 8.91; p = 0.034), LFP (67.32 ± 18.96) vs WP (52.16 ± 10.72; p = 0.047), LFP vs APP (p = 0.025), MLP (67.51 ± 19.34; p = 0.049) vs WP, MLPvsAPP (p = 0.027). Exercise time effect showed lower β-CTX-1 concentrations 2 h post-exercise (MC: 0.376 ± 0.114, p < 0.001; OC: 0.340 ± 0.156, p = 0.030) compared to pre-exercise (MC: 0.485 ± 0.137; OC: 0.428 ± 0.188) in all participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>β-CTX-1 concentrations were lower in the mid-luteal phase, emphasising the importance of standardizing bone marker measurements to a specific MC phase. OC users exhibited reduced P1NP levels, underscoring the need to investigate synthetic and endogenous hormones' impact on long-term bone structure and strength. Trial registration The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04458662 on 2 July 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1463-1473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review papers that push the boundaries of physiology and EJAP.","authors":"Michalis G Nikolaidis","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05772-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05772-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first case of a competitive basketball player affected by carnitine palmitoyl transferase II deficiency presenting an undescribed compound heterozygous genetic mutation.","authors":"Oscar Crisafulli, Venere Quintiero, Luca Grattarola, Giorgio Bottoni, Giuseppe Giovanetti, Massimo Negro, Emanuela Lavaselli, Giuseppe D'Antona","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05684-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05684-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The risk of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis, followed by abrupt creatine kinase (CK) augmentation, associated with carnitine palmitoyl transferase II (CPTII) deficiency causes patients to abstain from physical training. However, the exercise adjustment to the disease-induced metabolic impairment, accompanied by a tailored nutritional and supplementation strategy, could make sporting activity feasible, even at a competitive level. Here, we report the case of an 18-year-old male basketball player at a competitive level diagnosed for CPTII deficiency after a rhabdomyolytic event. Subsequent genetic analysis revealed the previously unreported c.1741C > T genetic mutation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patient underwent a battery of tests to evaluate nutrition (indirect calorimetry; 8-day food records), hydration (bioimpedance analysis), and the use of energy substrates during exercise (cardiopulmonary exercise test, CPET).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Inadequate macronutrients distribution with respect to the reference values for CPTII deficiency, an optimal hydration status, and a non-physiological prevalence of carbohydrates consumption all along the CPET, accentuated with workload augmentation, were found. Based on the results, the patient was provided with a personalized nutritional (carbohydrate = 50-55%, fat = 20%, and protein = 25-30% of total energy) and supplementation (medium-chain triglycerides, β-alanine, and creatine citrate) plan, and indications on the exercise intensity to be adopted to avoid the contribution of fat to energy production. Monitoring of CK for the five months following the resumption of sporting activity shows that the patient no longer had rhabdomyolysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that tailoring exercise, nutrition and supplementation upon the disease-induced metabolic limitation makes sport activity at a competitive level feasible in a CPTII-deficient patient, prompting further analysis on larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1311-1322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The menstrual cycle minimally affects cardiorespiratory function and body balance control in trained women during acute hypobaric hypoxia exposure (4000 m).","authors":"Cristina Rotllan, Jan Hagenaers, Marc Colls, Ginés Viscor","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05770-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05770-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The impact of the menstrual cycle (MC) on physical performance has been a hot topic in recent years, due to the increasing professionalisation of women's sports. This study set out to investigate the impact of the MC on the performance of women athletes in a hypoxic environment. The study focused on cardiovascular responses, respiratory function, and postural control as key indicators of sports performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured the physiological responses in 20 participants under hypobaric hypoxia (HH) conditions, on two occasions: during the early follicular phase (F) and in the mid-luteal phase (L). Spirometry and postural control parameters at rest were evaluated at sea level and 4000 m simulated altitude in a hypobaric chamber. The exercise performed at hypoxia was divided into two phases of different workload intensities: 40% and 70% of their theoretical maximal rate of oxygen consumption ( <math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mtext>O</mtext></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msub> <mtext>max</mtext></mrow> </math> ), followed by a recovery period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tidal volume (VT) significantly decreased at the L phase compared to the F during high intensity exercise (1.69 vs. 1.82, p ≤ 0.05) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) was greater in the L phase versus F independently of the exercise intensity (p ≤ 0.01) under hypoxic conditions. Meanwhile, spirometry and other cardiorespiratory responses did not change across the MC. Lateral velocity increased in the L phase with eyes open compared to F (4.88 vs. 4.24, p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences in the performance metrics evaluated between the menstrual cycle phases or between exercise intensities were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data confirms that the menstrual cycle in women does not generate sufficiently marked alterations to affect sports performance when acutely exposed to high altitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BDNF coexpresses with MTOR and is associated with muscle fiber size, lean mass and power-related traits.","authors":"Celal Bulgay, Erdal Zorba, Hasan H Kazan, Işık Bayraktar, Merve Uca, Mehmet A Ergün, George John, Rinat A Yusupov, Rinat I Sultanov, Ekaterina A Semenova, Andrey K Larin, Nikolay A Kulemin, Edward V Generozov, Ildus I Ahmetov","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05804-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05804-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Recent research suggests a link between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the mTOR signaling pathway, a key regulator of protein synthesis and muscle growth. However, it remains unclear whether BDNF influences muscle growth and power performance. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of BDNF and MTOR genes in human skeletal muscle and examine the association between genetically predicted higher expression of the BDNF gene and muscle fiber size, lean mass, power performance, and power athlete status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 456,382 subjects, including 285 athletes, 112 physically active individuals with muscle fiber composition data, 291 sedentary individuals with gene expression data, 5451 controls, and 450,243 UK Biobank participants. The muscle fiber composition was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, while gene expression analysis was performed using RNA sequencing. BDNF genotyping was carried out using real-time PCR or microarrays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that BDNF gene expression was positively associated with MTOR gene expression in the vastus lateralis (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, genetically predicted higher BDNF expression (i.e., carriage of the C allele of the rs6265 (Val66Met) BDNF polymorphism) was positively associated with the cross-sectional area of fast-twitch muscle fibers in athletes (p = 0.0069), appendicular lean mass (p = 2.6 × 10⁻⁷), personal best scores of power athletes (p = 0.029), and power athlete status (p = 0.0056).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrates a positive correlation between BDNF and MTOR gene expression in human skeletal muscle, with genetically predicted higher BDNF expression associated with greater muscle fiber size, lean mass, enhanced power performance, and power athlete status.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of menopause on responses to hypoxia and incidence of acute mountain sickness.","authors":"Tom Citherlet, Antoine Raberin, Giorgio Manferdelli, Grégoire P Millet","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05790-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05790-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Menopause results in decreased ovarian hormones, potentially impacting physiological responses to hypoxia and its tolerance. This study explored menopause's influence on physiological responses during rest and exercise in normobaric hypoxia and its role in predicting acute mountain sickness (AMS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen eumenorrheic women in their mid-luteal phase (EW, age = 32 ± 8 year) and fifteen postmenopausal women (PW, age = 63 ± 2 year) were examined on two occasions. Their ovarian hormonal levels were measured. In the first visit, hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), physiological responses (ventilation, pulse oximetry, and heart rate) at rest and exercise in normobaric hypoxia (F_iO₂ = 0.14) and anxiety levels were tested. On the second visit, cortisol awakening response and oxidative stress markers were measured at low altitude, with cortisol awakening response repeated during an overnight stay at high altitude (3375 m) along with evaluation for AMS using the Lake Louise Score, peripheral oxygen saturation and anxiety levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PW exhibited lower estradiol (16.9 ± 16.7 vs 4.6 ± 2.3 pg/ml, p < 0.01) and progesterone (13.39 ± 7.61 vs 0.06 ± 0.07 ng/ml, p < 0.001) levels than EW. Despite higher ventilation at rest in EW compared to PW in normoxia (10.0 ± 1.5 vs 8.5 ± 0.9 L/min; p < 0.01) and hypoxia (9.4 ± 1.3 vs 8.2 ± 1.3 L/min) , HVR (- 0.34 ± 0.13 vs - 0.27 ± 0.15 L/min/%) was similar between groups (p = 0.26). AMS incidence did not differ between EW (31%) and PW (40%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, EW had higher ventilation at rest in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia compared to PW, but similar responses and AMS incidence at high altitude. Age has minimal impact on HVR in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The effect of prolonged interval and continuous exercise in the heat on circulatory markers of intestinal barrier integrity.","authors":"Zachary McKenna, Jonathan Houck, Jeremy Ducharme, Zidong Li, Quint Berkemeier, Zachary Fennel, Andrew Wells, Christine Mermier, Michael Deyhle, Orlando Laitano, Fabiano Amorim","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05798-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05798-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}