European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Enhancement of muscle activation during squat exercise: evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Riccardo G Sorrentino, Andrej Vovk, Dušan Šuput, Leonidas G Ioannou, Veronika Mekjavic, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo, Matej Supej, Igor B Mekjavic","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05856-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05856-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated whether vibration augmented muscle use during squat exercise with magnetic resonance imaging, with two methods: spin-spin relaxation time (T2 mapping), and volume analysis.Male participants (n = 13) visited the facility on two occasions. During the first visit, each participant completed a resistance exercise (RE) comprising four sets of 12 repetitions of triple extension squats. Before and immediately after completion of the exercise, magnetic resonance imaging of their thigh and calf muscles was performed. During the second visit, participants performed resistance vibration exercise (RVE) using the same protocol, but standing on a vibration plate that provided a whole-body vibration stimulus (20 Hz, 3.5 mm amplitude) during the exercise.RE promoted increased T2 in vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius muscles (p < 0.0001). The same activation was observed for RVE, with no differences compared to RE. The volumetric method was less effective in assessing muscle activation. Only the vastus medialis and vastus intermedius muscle volumes were significantly greater post-exercise compared to pre-exercise for both RE (both muscles: p = 0.0009) and RVE (respectively: p = 0.005 and p = 0.009). No muscular activation was detected for calf either with T2 or volumetric method.Resistance exercise increased T2 and volume of some muscles of the thigh. The addition of whole-body vibration to resistance exercise does not enhance T2 relaxation time or volume accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The associations between cardiovascular and pain responses to a cold pressor test differ between males and females.","authors":"Joshua M Bock, Brady E Hanson, Kayla A Miller, Darren P Casey","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05703-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05703-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nociceptors contribute to the cardiovascular responses during a cold pressor test (CPT). While these responses are lower in females, data suggest that they perceive the CPT as more painful. Thus, we examined sex differences in associations between pain and cardiovascular responses to a CPT (Aim 1) as well as differences between females using (OC), and not using (NC), an oral contraceptive (Aim 2). 25 males (23 ± 5 years) and 25 females (21 ± 3 years; 11OC and 14NC) were studied. Cardiovascular data and pain levels (0-10 scale) were recorded at baseline then during a two-minute CPT; changes from baseline to peak response were analyzed. Systolic blood pressure (SBP, p = 0.57), mean arterial pressure (MAP, p = 0.22), heart rate (HR, p = 0.58), and pain (p = 0.71) responses did not differ between sexes; diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased more in males (17 ± 8 vs. 13 ± 6 mmHg, p < 0.05). Pain was associated with HR in males (r = 0.42, p < 0.05) but not females (r = -0.16, p = 0.44); no other associations were observed in either sex (p = 0.48-0.92). SBP (27 ± 12 vs. 15 ± 6 mmHg), DBP (16 ± 6 vs. 9 ± 5 mmHg), MAP (20 ± 7 vs. 14 ± 5 mmHg), and HR (8 ± 5 vs. 2 ± 5 beats/min) were greater in NC than OC (p < 0.05 for all); pain was similar (p = 0.38). In NC, pain was associated with DBP (r = 0.65, p = 0.01) and MAP (r = 0.65, p = 0.01), but not HR (r = -0.43, p = 0.13), and tended to be associated with SBP (r = 0.46, p = 0.09). In OC, pain was inversely associated with SBP (r = -0.62, p < 0.05) but no other outcome (p = 0.40-0.65). We report a sexual dimorphism in the HR-pain association during a CPT and underscore the impact of oral contraceptives.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1831-1840"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The squat jump and sprint force-velocity profiles of elite female football players are not influenced by the menstrual cycle phases and oral contraceptive use.","authors":"Jérémie Bouvier, Pierre-Hugues Igonin, Mélanie Boithias, Alexandre Fouré, Alain Belli, Nathalie Boisseau, Cyril Martin","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05723-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05723-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Force-velocity profiling is an excellent tool for training individualization, especially in sports with well-established physical preparation practices, such as football. However, it remains unclear whether menstrual cycle phases and oral contraceptive (OC) use influence the force-velocity profile. The aim of this study was to determine whether squat jump and sprint force-velocity profiles change throughout the menstrual cycle or during the use of OC in elite female football players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The vertical and horizontal force-velocity profiles of 21 female football players (11 eumenorrheic women and 10 OC users; mean age 26.0 ± 3.7 and 24.1 ± 1.6 years, respectively) were analysed using photocells and a radar device during loaded squat jumps and 40-m sprints. The cycle phase at each testing session was confirmed by measuring serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The menstrual cycle and OC phases were not associated with changes in the force-velocity profile parameters (p > 0.05). Maximal vertical power and theoretical (ratio between the horizontal component of the ground reaction force and the corresponding resulting maximal force and theoretical maximal running velocity) and functional (time to complete a 40-m sprint) parameters of the horizontal force-velocity profile were higher in OC users than eumenorrheic women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The main finding of this study is that the force-velocity profile is not influenced by the menstrual cycle phases or OC use. The differences observed between eumenorrheic athletes and OC users require further investigation but are more likely attributed to individual variations rather than to a specific hormonal environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1881-1892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of foot position during plantarflexion on the neural drive to the gastrocnemii in runners with Achilles tendinopathy.","authors":"Gabriel L Fernandes, Lucas B R Orssatto, Anthony J Shield, Gabriel S Trajano","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05729-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05729-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Runners with Achilles tendinopathy have reduced neural drive to the gastrocnemius lateralis. Positioning feet-inwards (feet-in) can influence gastrocnemii activity in healthy individuals. Therefore, this study investigated if pointing (feet-in) during isometric plantarflexion would increase gastrocnemius lateralis electromyography root mean square amplitude (RMS) and motor unit discharge rates (MUDR), compared to feet-neutral (feet-neutral), in Achilles tendinopathy. High-density electromyograms were recorded from gastrocnemius lateralis and medialis, during 20-s feet-in and feet-neutral contraction, in runners with (n = 18) and without (n = 19) Achilles tendinopathy. During feet-in, gastrocnemius lateralis RMS was higher in both groups and gastrocnemius medialis RMS was lower in the Achilles tendinopathy, compared to feet-neutral. MUDR were lower during feet-in in gastrocnemius lateralis (p < 0.001) and in gastrocnemius medialis in the Achilles tendinopathy group. The Achilles tendinopathy group had lower triceps surae endurance during single leg heel raise. In summary, feet-in increases gastrocnemius lateralis RMS in both groups, conversely reducing MUDR in the Achilles tendinopathy group, compared to feet-neutral. Additionally, feet-in reduces gastrocnemius medialis RMS and MUDR only in the Achilles tendinopathy group, compared to feet-neutral. This would shift the gastrocnemius lateralis/medialis ratio excitation, favouring gastrocnemius lateralis. Nonetheless, while this strategy holds promise, it remains uncertain whether performing plantarflexion exercise with feet pointed inwards would provide additional benefits for the treatment of runners with Achilles tendinopathy. Our findings suggest that the increased gastrocnemius lateralis RMS during feet-in may not be as consequence of increased MUDR and, but it might be a result of recruitment of more motor units.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1949-1959"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of high intensity exercise on pregnancy outcomes and complications during pregnancy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Xinyuan Liu, Xian Guo, Rui Jie, Yuting Tang","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05730-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05730-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a strong correlation between the level of physical activity undertaken during pregnancy and the health of both the mothers and the fetus. The physical activity guidelines for pregnancy recommend moderate to high-intensity exercise, yet in practice, few pregnant women currently engage in high-intensity exercise, and there is no consensus on its effect on pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise on pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy complications in healthy pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science were conducted from the inception of the databases to 21 December 2023. The search used a range of relevant terms \"pregnancy\" \"gestation\" \" physical activity\" \"exercise\" to capture all potentially eligible results relating to exercise interventions during pregnancy. A total of 16 RCTs were analyzed. The indicators analyzed are GWG, EGWG, BW, LBW, VO₂/AT, Apgar score 1 and 5 min after birth, GDM, PIH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High-intensity exercise during pregnancy can effectively reduce the incidence of GDM compared to the control group (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.30, 0.68, P = 0.0001). It also improves the 5-min Apgar score of newborns (MD = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.12, P < 0.00001), and although the 1-min Apgar score was also improved, it was not significant (MD = 0.13, 95% CI = 0, 0.27, P = 0.05). In addition, pregnant women who performed high-intensity exercise during pregnancy had a much smaller rate of change of VO₂/AT than the control group (MD = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.25, 5.49, P = 0.002). However, there were no significant differences in the preterm birth rate (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.58, 1.55, P = 0.83), gestational week of delivery (MD = 0.04, 95% CI = - 0.12, 0.20, P = 0.62), prevalence of GWG (MD = - 0.91, 95% CI = - 1.96, 0.14, P = 0.09), EGWG (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.47, 2.03, P = 0.95), BW (MD = - 33.19, 95% CI = - 84.72, 18.34, P = 0.21), LBW (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 0.81, 7.29, P = 0.11) and prevalence of PIH (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.31, 1.17, P = 0.14) between high-intensity exercise group and control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study suggests that performing high-intensity exercise during pregnancy does not have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes for healthy pregnant women. In addition, it reduces pregnancy complications and reduces the risk of developing gestational diabetes. The rate at which maximum sustained exercise capacity decreases is delayed or remains unchanged. These findings can assist pregnant women in selecting a suitable exercise intensity during pregnancy and provide a scientific basis for physicians to prescribe high-intensity exercise.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO trial registration CRD42024503843.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1905-1921"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a single dose of a betalain-rich concentrate on determinants of running performance and recovery muscle blood flow: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.","authors":"Steven Vitti, Michael Bruneau, Leah Bisgrove, Samuel Grey, Sarah Levine, Craig Mattern, Justin Faller","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05738-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05738-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to examine the effects of a single dose of a betalain-rich concentrate (BRC) on determinants of running performance and recovery lactate clearance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, 17 male recreational runners (Age: 19.0 ± 1.0 years; Height: 176.8 ± 6.2 cm; Weight: 70.62 ± 8.1 kg; Body fat: 12.8 ± 0.03%; VO_2max: 58.9 ± 8.6 ml/kg/min) consumed an acute dose of a BRC (100 mg) or a placebo (100 mg of dextrose; CON) and performed a running economy protocol (RE) at velocities corresponding to 60% and 80% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max) followed by a VO_2max test. Both exercise and recovery skeletal muscle oxygenation (SmO₂) were assessed via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and recovery lactate was obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BRC resulted in lower heart rate (HR) at velocities corresponding to 80% of VO_2max (p = 0.05) and maximum HR (HR_max; p = 0.01), and a lower rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at velocities corresponding to 60% of VO_2max (p = 0.02) when compared to CON. BRC also improved post-exercise SmO₂ at 3 (p = 0.05), 4 (p = 0.02), and 5 min (p = 0.01) but not lactate clearance (p > 0.05). BRC did not significantly improve RE or VO_2max (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A single dose of BRC did not enhance RE or VO_2max. However, the observed improvements in exercise HR, RPE, and SmO₂ suggest that BRC may confer cardiovascular benefits for exercise and recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1809-1816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessment of isometric muscle force complexity under different contraction intensities, joint angles, and visual feedback conditions.","authors":"Ellen Pereira Zambalde, Carina Marconi Germer, Ricardo Gonçalves Molinari, Francesco Negro, Jakob Dideriksen, Leonardo Abdala Elias","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05880-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05880-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We employed an optimization method for the approximate entropy (ApEn) parameters ( <math><mi>m</mi></math> , <math><mi>r</mi></math> ) to evaluate the influence of changes in contraction intensity, visual feedback conditions, and joint angles in force ApEn during an isometric force-matching task.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen participants performed an index finger abduction isometric force task in six contraction intensities (5-75% of maximum voluntary contraction, MVC), with and without visual feedback of the force, and in three different metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint angles. Force variability, complexity (ApEn), and power spectrum density (PSD) were assessed, and a correlation analysis was performed between these variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The best ApEn ( <math><mi>m</mi></math> , <math><mi>r</mi></math> ) pair for muscle force analysis was <math><mrow><mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn></mrow> </math> and <math><mrow><mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.20</mn> <mo>×</mo></mrow> </math> force standard deviation (SD). Visual feedback influenced the ApEn; however, the comparison between experimental conditions (force intensity and joint angle) was similar. Both the force ApEn and the coefficient of variation (CoV) were reduced as a function of contraction intensity and without visual feedback. Conversely, the force SD and the PSD in the low-frequency band increased with contraction intensity and the absence of visual feedback. The changes in the MCP joint angle affected the MVC values and force CoV, with no significant effect on the force ApEn. The PSD in the low-frequency band (< 5 Hz) showed a strong negative correlation with force ApEn in both visual feedback conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ApEn is influenced by force level and visual feedback, and it is strongly correlated with low-frequency force oscillations, which are related to the muscle's common drive.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of deception of task duration on the sex-specific physiological responses to RPE-clamp cycle ergometry.","authors":"Pasquale J Succi, Brian Benitez, Minyoung Kwak, Clara J Mitchinson, Timothy A Butterfield, Michael A Samaan, Jody L Clasey, Haley C Bergstrom","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05698-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05698-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the sex-specific influence of expected exercise duration on the physiological responses to RPE-clamp exercise anchored to RPE 15 with participants being deceived into believing the RPE-clamp exercise would last for 20-, 30-, or 40-min, but all trials were 30-min.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve males and 12 females completed a graded exercise test followed by randomly ordered RPE-clamp trials at RPE15 on the Borg 6-20 scale where subjects were deceived into expecting exercise to last for either 20-, 30-, or 40-min, but the actual duration for each trial was 30-min. Separate 2 (Sex [Male vs. Female]) × 3 (Deception [20-min, 30-min, 40-min]) × 11 (Time [0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 min]) mixed model analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with appropriate follow-up ANOVAs, and Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons, were used to examine changes in volume of oxygen uptake ( <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> ), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), power output, and muscle oxygen saturation (%SmO₂).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females, but not males, demonstrated lower power outputs when expected duration was 40-min compared to 20-min after approximately half of the exercise bout. <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> , regardless of Sex, was also lower when expected duration was 40-min (62.47 ± 5.59% <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mrow><mn>2</mn> <mo>max</mo></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> ) compared to 20-min (66.35 ± 5.79% <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mrow><mn>2</mn> <mo>max</mo></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> ). There was no effect of expected duration on HR, RR, or %SmO₂, but females demonstrated significantly higher HR (86.06 ± 5.93%HR_max) and RR (74.81 ± 7.26%RR_max) compared to males (79.52 ± 4.96%HR_max; 62.31 ± 5.80%RR_max).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RPE-clamp exercise performance in females, but not males, may be influenced by the expectation of exercise duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1933-1947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"24 h severe fluid restriction increases a biomarker of renal injury in healthy males.","authors":"Loris A Juett, Mark P Funnell, Harriet A Carroll, Lewis J James, Stephen A Mears","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05749-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05749-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exercise-induced hypohydration exacerbates biomarkers of renal injury, but studies isolating the effects of hypohydration without exercise have produced mixed findings. This study investigated the effects of 24-h severe fluid restriction on biomarkers of renal injury and glucose tolerance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen males (age: 27 ± 5 y; BMI: 24.1 ± 3.8 kg/m²) completed two randomised trials, involving consuming either 40 mL/kg body mass water to maintain euhydration (EU) or severe fluid restriction via limiting water consumption to 100 mL (HYP). A standardised dry food diet was consumed in both trials (~ 300 g water). At baseline and 24 h post-baseline, nude body mass, and blood and urine samples (additional urine sample at 12 h) were collected. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted after 24-h post-baseline measurements (n = 12).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 24 h, body mass loss (HYP: - 1.52 ± 0.34%, EU: - 0.24 ± 0.40%), plasma volume loss, serum, and urine osmolality were greater in HYP than EU (P ≤ 0.004). Osmolality-corrected urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) concentrations were greater in HYP at 12 (HYP: 1.097 ± 0.587 ng/mOsm, EU: 0.570 ± 0.408 ng/mOsm; P < 0.001) and 24-h (HYP: 1.932 ± 1.173 ng/mOsm, EU: 1.599 ± 1.012 ng/mOsm; P = 0.01). There was no trial-by-time interactions for osmolality-corrected urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations (P = 0.781) or plasma glucose (P = 0.550) and insulin (P = 0.193) concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypohydration produced by 24-h fluid restriction increased proximal tubular injury but did not affect glucose tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1983-1995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of oral contraceptive consumption timing on substrate metabolism, cognition, and exercise performance in females: a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Dan Martin, Mel Bargh, Kyla Pennington","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05733-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05733-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The pharmacokinetic profile of oral contraceptives (OCs) results in an acute, transient increase in circulating synthetic reproductive hormones. This study aimed to assess the acute effects of OC ingestion on cognitive function, substrate metabolism and exercise performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen combined OC users ingested either their OC or placebo (PLA) in a randomised, double-blind, crossover manner. After 60 min, participants completed tests of verbal memory and verbal fluency, followed by sub-maximal treadmill exercise for 6 min at 70% lactate threshold (LT) and 90% LT where respiratory exchange ratio (RER), carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), felt arousal and feeling scale were recorded. Participants then completed an incremental ramp test to exhaustion to assess time to exhaustion (TTE) and peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak), before ingesting the pill corresponding to the opposing condition RESULTS: Compared to PLA, the OC condition has a significantly lower RER, arousal and feeling scale and significantly higher verbal fluency score (all P < 0.05) with no differences in other variables (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combined OC ingestion acutely affects substrate metabolism, affective responses to exercise and verbal fluency. The timing of OC ingestion should be considered in relation to aspects of physiological function.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1893-1903"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}