European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Prolonged running reduces speed at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition without additional reductions due to increased eccentric load.","authors":"Andrew M S Barrett, Ed Maunder","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05792-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05792-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the impact of prolonged running on speed at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition, and whether increased eccentric load modifies exercise-induced shifts in the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve endurance-trained runners (4 females, 8 males, peak oxygen uptake 51.5 mL kg^-1 min^-1 in females and 56.1 mL kg^-1 min^-1 in males) participated. Following trials to assess speed at the first ventilatory threshold (VT₁) on a 0% gradient and -10% gradient, participants completed two trials: (i) level trial (LVL): 120-min of running at 0% gradient and (ii) downhill trial (DH): 120-min of running with 90-min at 0% gradient and 6 × 5-min intervals at -10% gradient (DH). Running was conducted at 90% of VT₁ speed for respective gradients. Speed at VT₁ on 0% gradient, perceived leg muscle soreness, and maximal voluntary isometric knee extensor torque were assessed pre- and post-prolonged exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An effect of time was observed for speed at VT₁ (∆-6.2 ± 3.6% in LVL and ∆-7.6 ± 3.2% in DH, P < 0.001), with no effect of condition (LVL vs. DH, P = 0.382), or time × condition interaction (P = 0.295). Reduced metabolic energy expenditure (metabolic power) significantly contributed to the reduced speed at VT₁ in both trials (P < 0.001), whereas changes in running economy (energetic efficiency) did not (P = 0.228).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prolonged moderate-intensity running reduced speed at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition, but this was not exacerbated by increased eccentric load. Reduced speed at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition following prolonged running was primarily attributed to decreased metabolic power.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individuals with chronic low back pain show impaired adaptations of lumbar extensor muscle reflex amplitude during unexpected perturbations.","authors":"Julien Ducas, Audrey Hamel, Guillaume Vadez, Martin Descarreaux, Jacques Abboud","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05797-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05797-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the adaptability of trunk muscle responses to a series of unexpected external perturbations in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-seven adult participants, including 19 without LBP (control group) and 18 with chronic LBP, were submitted to 15 repetitions of trunk perturbations applied in a posterior-to-anterior direction, inducing trunk flexion. High-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) was used to analyze lumbar muscle reflex amplitude. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA (2 × 2) was conducted to compare group differences and the effect of trial repetition over time (first five trials vs. last five trials of perturbations).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant interaction effects were found on both sides (Left: p = 0.038; Right: p = 0.007). Post hoc comparisons revealed a decrease in response amplitude only in the control group between the first and last five perturbations, with reductions of 5.0% on the left side (p = 0.026, Bonferroni corrected) and 5.7% on the right side (p = 0.030, Bonferroni corrected). In contrast, individuals with chronic LBP showed no significant adaptation through repetition in the reflex response amplitude of the lumbar extensor muscles (post hoc both sides: p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals with chronic LBP fail to adapt reflex amplitudes to repeated perturbations, possibly due to impaired proprioception, reduced motor variability and neuroplastic changes observed in individuals with chronic LBP. These changes might limit their ability to optimize responses to repeated perturbations, potentially compromising spinal stability and increasing functional cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in muscular control when performing unfamiliar elbow flexion and extension movements.","authors":"Elisa Romero Avila, Catherine Disselhorst-Klug","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05791-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05791-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This work analyzes how the Central Nervous System (CNS) adapts its control strategies-muscle synergies and muscular coactivation-during unfamiliar elbow flexion/extension tasks at different velocities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty healthy participants (10 male; 10 female; age 31 ± 10,2 years) were recruited. Muscular activation of the biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and triceps brachii was recorded using surface electromyography. Elbow movements were tracked using a motion-capture system and an upper body biomechanical model. To represent an unfamiliar task, participants performed the movement in the transverse plane, while the familiar task was performed in the sagittal plane to allow for comparison. Movements were executed at different angular velocities to assess their effect. Muscle synergies were identified using the Non-Negative Matrix Factorization method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that the CNS adapts to unfamiliar movements primarily by increasing muscular coactivation to control position and movement velocity (p < 0.001, comparing familiar versus unfamiliar tasks). In contrast, during familiar tasks, the CNS achieves the stability required for faster movements through a higher contribution of muscle synergies (p < 0.05, comparing slowest versus fastest velocity). The statistical results revealed no significant interaction between task familiarity and movement velocity, suggesting that the effect of task familiarity on muscular activation remains consistent across all angular velocities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work provides valuable insights into how muscle synergies and muscular coactivation complement each other. For an unfamiliar elbow flexion/extension task, the CNS primarily adapts by increasing the activation of all muscles acting on the joint to control position and movement velocity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of muscle glycogen increase in brachial and thigh muscles with carbohydrate loading.","authors":"Chihiro Kojima, Keiko Namma-Motonaga, Akiko Kamei, Yumiko Takahashi, Aya Ishibashi, Hideyuki Takahashi","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05777-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05777-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We investigated the changes in glycogen levels of the brachial and thigh muscles after 3 days of high carbohydrate intake without exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven healthy participants spent 3 days with a carbohydrate intake of 6 g/kg body mass/day (control period), followed by 3 days at 10 g/kg body mass/day (loading period). The glycogen levels in the triceps brachii and vastus lateralis plus intermedius muscles were evaluated noninvasively using ¹³C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and at 24 and 72 h of the loading period. Body composition and physical activity were also measured during the intervention period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body mass, fat free mass, and water volume significantly increased with 72 h of carbohydrate loading. Although the glycogen levels in both muscles were significantly elevated at 72 h of the loading period (brachial muscle 122.8 ± 29.2%, thigh muscle 122.5 ± 24.0%), there were no significant differences in the increase between the muscles. No significant correlation was observed in the changes between the two types of muscle (r = 0.073, P = 0.836).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Three days of carbohydrate loading (10 g/body mass/day) without exercise increased the glycogen levels by approximately 23% in both the upper arm and thigh muscles, suggesting that the changes were not always consistent between the muscles within each participant. These results should contribute to the development of nutritional strategies tailored to various sporting events involving different primary muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular adaptations to blood flow restriction resistance training with different cuff types: the role of retrograde shear stress.","authors":"Lin-Sheng Chen, Natalie McLaurin, Philippe Brosselin, Daniela Charry, Taha Alhalimi, Hirofumi Tanaka","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05795-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05795-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Narrow-elastic bands (NE) and wide-rigid cuffs (WR) are two types of cuffs that are frequently used in blood flow restriction (BFR) training. Because these cuffs produce different hemodynamic responses, vascular adaptations might differ depending upon what cuffs are used. We examined the hypothesis that BFR with NE would improve vascular function while BFR with WR would decrease vascular function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-six young healthy participants completed supervised BFR training for 2 weeks with NE placed on one arm and WR on the other arm during upper-body resistance exercise using random arm allocation with counterbalancing across the participants. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), arterial stiffness, muscle strength, and muscle mass in both arms were measured before and after the intervention. To explore possible mechanisms underlying vascular adaptations, retrograde shear rates (SR) induced by different cuffs in the brachial artery were also measured before the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Muscle strength increased in both arms (p < 0.05). FMD increased in the NE arm (5.6 ± 2.9 to 7.7 ± 3.4%, p = 0.004) but did not change in the WR arm (6.0 ± 2.5 to 4.9 ± 2.7%, p = 0.12). Retrograde SR was higher under WR occlusion compared with NE occlusion and no cuff (no cuff: 22 ± 9, NE: 25 ± 9 vs. WR: 39 ± 13 s^-1, p < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between WR occlusion-induced changes in retrograde SR and relative changes in FMD (r = -0.42, p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different BFR cuffs led to similar muscle adaptations but different vascular adaptations. The difference in the vascular adaptation between two different cuffs might be explained by a greater retrograde SR induced by WR occlusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on resistance exercise performance: A dose-response investigation.","authors":"Rachel Tan, Isabella G Lincoln, Keonabelle K Paniagua, Justin M Foster, Lauren E Wideen, Raymond T Gerardo, Nathan J Ornelas, Isaac Tchaprazian, Jeffrey Li, Michael Egiazarian, Samantha N Rowland, Stephen J Bailey, Adam Pennell","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05779-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05779-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary nitrate (NO₃^-) can enhance skeletal muscle contractile function and explosive-type exercise by modulating type II muscle fibers; however, limited attention has been directed at exploring the optimal dosing guidelines and potential performance-enhancing effects of NO₃^- supplementation during resistance-type exercise. The purpose of our investigation was to examine potential dose-response effects of concentrated NO₃^--rich beetroot juice on neuromuscular performance during resistance exercise. Eighteen resistance-trained men were assigned in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, to four conditions to consume beetroot juice containing: negligible NO₃^- (PL); ~ 6 mmol NO₃^- (BR-LOW); ~ 12 mmol NO₃^- (BR-MOD); and ~ 24 mmol NO₃^- (BR-HIGH). Participants completed 1 set of vertical countermovement jumps (CMJ), 2 sets × 3 repetitions of barbell back squats, and 2 sets × 3 repetitions of barbell bench press 2.5 h post-supplementation. Plasma [NO₃^-] increased in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Plasma [nitrite] ([NO₂^-]) increased in all BR conditions compared to PL (P < 0.05), such that BR-MOD vs. BR-LOW (P < 0.01) and BR-LOW vs. PL (P < 0.01), but BR-HIGH was not different compared to BR-MOD (P > 0.05). Performance was not different between conditions in CMJ, 50% one-repetition maximum (1RM) and 75%1RM back squats, or 50%1RM and 75%1RM bench press (P > 0.05). The change in plasma [NO₂^-] was significantly correlated with peak power (r = - 0.65, P = 0.003), mean power (r = - 0.52, P = 0.03), and mean velocity (r = - 0.48, P = 0.04) during 50%1RM back squats following BR-LOW vs. PL but not in other conditions (P > 0.05). This study indicates that dietary NO₃^- does not impact resistance exercise performance at any of the doses assessed in the current study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gait variability and fatigability during a simulated 10-km running race in trained runners.","authors":"Johnny Padulo, Marta Borrelli, Andrea Antiglio, Fabio Esposito","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05780-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05780-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Fatigue is an inevitable phenomenon during distance running, leading to the adoption of altered gait patterns by runners. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the changes in gait variability and fatigability in distance runners over a 10-km running race.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this aim, 12 runners (36.5 ± 5.4 y) completed a simulated 10-km running race. Throughout the trial, heart rate (HR) and rate perceived exertion (RPE, CR-10) were analyzed. In addition, kinematic/kinetic measurements: contact time (CT), flight time (FT), step length (SL), stride time (ST) leg (k_vert) and vertical (k_leg) stiffness, were recorded. Gait variability including phase coordination index (PCI) was calculated for each 2-km segment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HR increased (from 88.46 ± 5.84 to 93.87 ± 6.48 %HR_MAX, P < 0.05) as well as RPE (6.58 ± 0.47-8.96 ± 0.40 a.u., P < 0.001) as the distance increased. Conversely, no differences between running segments for the kinematic/kinetic data (CT-FT-SL-ST-k_vert-k_leg) were observed over five 2 km. However, there was increase (P < 0.05) in gait variability (PCI), over the course of the running race. Furthermore, the determination coefficient (R²) was found as strong and very strong when compared five (0-10 km) and four (4-10 km) running segments between HR-RPE and PCI (R² = 0.623-0.845).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that the gait variability is one mechanical determinant in assessing the neuromuscular output when the fatigability increases during a running race.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-induced extracellular vesicles mediate apoptosis in human colon cancer cells in an exercise intensity-dependent manner.","authors":"Berkay Ozerklig, Ibrahim Turkel, Merve Yilmaz, Refika Dilara Vaizoglu, Handan Sevim Akan, Z Gunnur Dikmen, Ayesha Saleem, Sukran Nazan Kosar","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05787-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05787-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regular exercise reduces the incidence and improves the prognosis of many cancer types, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Evidence suggests that exercise exerts its therapeutic effects through extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are essential for cellular communication. Here, we hypothesized that exercise-induced EVs from serum of healthy individuals would exert anti-tumorigenic effects on human colon cancer HT-29 cells, in an exercise intensity-dependent manner. Ten healthy young active males participated in a randomized crossover trial, completing two workload-matched acute exercise bouts, moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), on a cycle ergometer. A control session of rest (PRE) was included. EVs were isolated from serum samples collected during PRE and immediately after each exercise session. EVs were co-incubated with HT-29 colon cancer cells, and the effects on cell viability, migration, and apoptosis were measured. EV treatment reduced cell viability in all groups (PRE, MICE, and HIIE) by 35%, 43% and 47%, respectively, vs. PBS. HIIE-EVs showed a significantly greater reduction in cell viability vs. PRE; therefore, only these groups were used for further analysis. PRE EVs reduced migration by 27%, and HIIE-EVs by 39%. HIIE-EVs increased expression of pro-apoptotic markers: Bax/Bcl-2 ratio by 56% and Caspase 3 by 30% vs. PBS, with no change observed in the PRE group. Further, 16% of cells in PRE and 28% of cells in HIIE were TUNEL-positive, indicating DNA fragmentation. To our knowledge, this is the first human study that illustrates the therapeutic potential of exercise-induced EVs in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple on-field fast knee-flexion test to assess acute knee flexor fatigue.","authors":"Cornelis J de Ruiter, Lucas M Baak, Yfke Westerling, Erik Wilmes","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05732-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05732-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In a practical setting, outside the laboratory, acute muscle fatigue may be underestimated because substantial recovery occurs during the elapsed time between the end of exercise and fatigue assessment. We introduce a simple field test to assess knee flexor contractile function quickly after exercise cessation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen young amateur football players performed maximally fast knee flexions (FKFs) in the prone position with their dominant leg, before (pre) and 20 s after finishing a series of fourteen fatiguing 40 m sprints (post) and again following 6 min recovery (rec). Peak angular acceleration (PAA) about the knee joint was measured with a small inertial measurement unit (IMU) firmly attached to the shin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although participants only practiced the FKFs for 1 min in the warm-up, the reliability of PPA was good with coefficients of variation of 3.0% (pre), 2.7% (post), and 3.6% (rec). Sprint time increased from 5.96 ± 0.40 s to 6.55 ± 0.37 s (p < 0.001, f = 0.89), PAA decreased from 107.1 ± 11.5 rad.s^-2 to 94.1 ± 11.7 rad.s^-2 (p < 0.001, f = 0.50) and following recovery (p < 0.05) values were 6.15 ± 0.39 s and 103.1 ± 10.7 rad.s^-2, respectively. The percentage decrease in PAA during FKFs was linearly related (r² = 0.48, p = 0.01) to the percentage increase in 40 m sprint time. In addition, PAA (pre) was related to the time of the first sprint (r² = 0.33, p = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed FKF test is reliable and can easily be executed to evaluate acute knee flexor muscle fatigue on the field. The presented relations between (changes in) sprint performance and peak knee angular accelerations during isolated fast knee flexions are promising but need confirmation in larger-scaled studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining physiologic variables for changes in 800-m running and 800-m ski ergometer performance.","authors":"Lars Erik Gjerløw, Arnstein Sunde, Eva Maria Støa, Jan Helgerud, Jan-Michael Johansen, Henrik Hjortland, Øyvind Støren","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05765-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05765-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates associations between changes in 800 m time trial performance in running or ski ergometer double poling, and changes in physiologic variables after a seven-week observational period. Forty six athletes ranging from recreational to elite level, participated in either a run (RUN) or a ski ergometer (SKI) observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants performed pre- and post-tests in; 800-m time trial (800TT), 100-m time trial (MSS or MSP), peak oxygen uptake (VO_2peak), oxygen cost of running (C_R) or double poling (C_DP), time to exhaustion (TTE) at 130% maximal aerobic speed (MAS) or maximal aerobic power (MAP), and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) in SKI. They also performed one repetition maximum (1RM), half-squat (RUN) or 1RM lat pull-down (SKI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate correlations were found between changes in both MAP and maximal strength and changes in 800TT for SKI (r = - 0.51 and r = - 0.51, respectively, p < 0.05). For RUN, MAS and the 0.8 MAS + 0.2 MSS equation correlated (r = - 0.71 and r = - 0.73, respectively, p < 0.01) with 800TT. VO_2peak was the most important contributor to MAS improvements (RUN) while C_DP was the most important contributor to MAP improvements (SKI). No correlations were found between changes in TTE at 130% MAS or MAP and, or MAOD, and changes in 800TT, for neither RUN nor SKI. The results from the present study suggest focusing on training to improve maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max), work economy and maximal sprint speed to improve performance in middle-distance running and ski sprinting.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}