European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Individual variability in lactate response to cycling prescribed using physiological thresholds and peak work rate: a crossover within-participant repeated measures study.","authors":"Lauren J Pacitti, Kaitlyn E Shikaze, Nia Simpson-Stairs, Jonathan Stringer, Brendon J Gurd","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05711-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05711-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>(1) To determine if the blood lactate concentration ([BLa]) response is a repeatable individual trait, and (2) To examine whether threshold-based prescription (THR) reduces interindividual variability in [BLa] response compared to traditional (maximally anchored) exercise prescription (TRAD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A crossover within-participant repeated measures design was used to assess [BLa] during the TRAD and THR exercise in 17 participants (9 M/8F). Participants initially undertook an incremental test to exhaustion to determine peak work rate (WRpeak), a lactate threshold (LT) test and a critical power (CP) test. All baseline tests were repeated twice. Participants then completed 6 15-min bouts of continuous cycling at 65%WRpeak (TRAD; 3 bouts) and 80% of the difference (Δ80) between LT and CP (THR; 3 bouts). [BLa] response was measured at 10 and 15 min of exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across individuals, there was a wide range in [BLa] response, but within individual responses were repeatable. [BLa] ranges and mean individual 90% confidence interval width (CI_w) were as follows: TRAD@10 min = 2.1-9.7 mmol, CI_w = 0.5 mmol, THR@10 min = 3.4-9.3 mmol, CI_w = 0.6 mmol, TRAD@15 min = 2.2-9.9 mmol, CI_w = 0.6 mmol, THR@15 min = 3.6-12.3 mmol, CI_w = 0.7 mmol. Levene's tests revealed no significant differences in the variability of [BLa] response between TRAD and THR at 10 min (F = 0.523, p = 0.475) or 15 min (F = 0.351, p = 0.558) of exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results demonstrate that true interindividual variability in the [BLa] response to exercise exists, but failed to confirm that variability in [BLa] response is reduced with the use of THR.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1797-1807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response: Fitness, endurance, and VO₂max: Can men and women of same aerobic power be compared in critical-power-anchored HIIT performance?","authors":"Lauren J Pacitti, Brendon J Gurd","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05816-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05816-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2031-2032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Taurine supplementation as a strategy to enhance thermoregulation during low-intensity exercise.","authors":"Gabriela Ferreira Abud, Ellen Cristini de Freitas","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05854-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05854-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of hypohydration before and different rehydration strategies after severe intensity exercise on post-exercise hypotension in men.","authors":"Tze-Huan Lei, Xia Wei, Faming Wang, Jingliang Chen, Richie Goulding, James Cotter, Jason Kai Wei Lee, Beverly Tan, Tatsuro Amano, Tomomi Fujimoto, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, Toby Mündel","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05728-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05728-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined the effect of 12 h of fluid deprivation before, and three different rehydration strategies (none, fixed volume, and ad libitum drinking) after exercise on post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in 12 normotensive Asian men. The participants underwent four experimental trials, comprising euhydration (Eu), dehydration only (De), dehydration with fixed fluid intake (De + Fixed) and dehydration with ad libitum fluid intake (De + Ad). The participants completed one of the dehydration trials at the severe intensity domain until volitional exhaustion. All other trials were strictly matched for the time to exhaustion reported in the dehydration trial (698 ± 179 s), with a 1-h recovery in all trials. The dehydration trials (De, De + Fixed and De + Ad) induced higher resting plasma osmolality (291 ± 4, 294 ± 6, 294 ± 4 vs. 287 ± 4 mOsm/kg, respectively), urine specific gravity and haematocrit (all P < 0.03) than Eu. The peak reduction in post-exercise diastolic blood pressure was larger in De (- 12 ± 2 mm Hg) than in Eu (- 6 ± 1 mm Hg), De + Fixed (- 4 ± 2 mm Hg) and De + Ad (- 5 ± 2 mm Hg), as was the reduction in mean arterial pressure (De: - 11 ± 2 vs - 7 ± 1, - 5 ± 1 and - 5 ± 1 mm Hg, all P < 0.05). These reductions did not differ across Eu, De + Fixed and De + Ad (all P > 0.80). No effects of dehydration on systolic pressure were observed (P = 0.06). Dehydration exacerbated PEH whilst fixed and ad libitum drinking during the post-exercise period were equally effective at mitigating hypotension in Asian men.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1971-1982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exergaming versus endurance training on cardiorespiratory fitness and hemodynamic parameters: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Sascha Ketelhut, Valentin Benzing, Cäcilia Zehnder, Lauren Amor, Yannik Schürch, Manuel Burger, Stefan Schmid, Claudio R Nigg","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05743-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05743-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study determined whether an exergame training (EXT) resulted in greater improvements in health-related outcomes compared to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 47 individuals (age 30±11 years) were randomized into an EXT (n = 24) and an MICT group (n = 23). Throughout the eight-week intervention period, the EXT group attended 20-30 min of EXT three times a week while the MICT group completed 20-45 min of MICT three times a week. Before and after the intervention, BMI, waist-to-height ratio, body fat (BF), resting heart rate (HR), root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD), standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), average time interval between consecutive R-waves (MeanRR), high-frequency power, low-frequency power, ratio of LF to HF power, enjoyment, systolic (SBP) as well as diastolic blood pressure, and peak oxygen consumption (VO₂peak) were compared using linear mixed models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analyses revealed main effects of time for BF, HR, RMSSD, SDNN, MeanRR, high-frequency power, and SBP (ps<.05). A main effect of group was found for enjoyment (p<.05) with higher values in the EXT group. Group-by-time interactions (ps<.05) were observed for HR, SBP, and VO₂peak, indicating differential changes over time between groups. The EXT showed a steeper decline in HR and SBP compared to MICT, while demonstrating a greater increase in VO₂peak.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The EXT was more effective than the MICT in improving VO₂peak, HR, and SBP. The EXT seems to represent a more effective and more attractive alternative to MICT for health promotion.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT05894031.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1817-1830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sublingual caffeine delivery via oral spray does not accelerate blood caffeine increase compared to ingestion of caffeinated beverages.","authors":"Devin G McCarthy, Rileigh K Stapleton, Rachel M Handy, Samuel Amanual, Samantha Tsioros, Philip J Millar, Jamie F Burr","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05735-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05735-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Buccal absorption of caffeine bypasses digestion, can elicit peak serum caffeine concentration within ~ 30 min of administration, and thereby may elicit cognitive benefits faster than ingesting caffeine. Caffeine mouth sprays are commercial products that involve sublingual delivery, but their ability to increase blood caffeine is unexamined.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study tested whether blood caffeine would be increased and reach peak concentrations sooner after using mouth spray compared to ingesting coffee or an energy drink.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen adults (6 males, 8 females; 24 ± 3 years, 69.9 ± 9.3 kg) abstained from caffeine for 16 h, ate a standardized breakfast, then consumed 60 mg of caffeine via either mouth spray, coffee, or energy drink in a randomized, crossover manner. In the following 90 min, serum caffeine was determined throughout, and cognitive function was assessed at ~ 30 and ~ 90 min.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum caffeine was increased compared to baseline in all conditions (p < 0.0001) but was not different at any timepoint between the mouth spray, coffee, and energy drink (p = 0.06). Caffeine area under the curve was not different after mouth spray, coffee, or energy drink (61 [54-73], 82 [51-119], 68 [43-78] min*mg/L respectively, p = 0.22) nor was peak concentration (1.6 [1.2-1.8], 1.9 [1.4-2.4], 1.2 [0.8-3.0] mg/L respectively, p = 0.19). Within the mouth-spray condition, serum caffeine was higher than baseline from 10 to 90 min (p < 0.03) but not at 5 min (p = 0.50), and peak concentration occurred 90-min after use. Performance on cognitive tests was unaffected by caffeine type (p > 0.22).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sublingual administration of caffeine via mouth spray did not increase serum caffeine concentration faster than ingesting caffeinated beverages.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2007-2013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of a beat-by-beat finger photoplethysmograph device for estimating central (aortic) blood pressure waveform characteristics.","authors":"Bryce N Balmain, Martin G Schultz, Norman R Morris, Kenji Shiino, Surendran Sabapathy","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05862-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05862-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central blood pressure can be estimated non-invasively using radial applanation tonometry. However, the stability and accuracy of applanation tonometry signals is operator-dependent. We examined the concordance between finger and radial artery pressure waveforms captured using an automated, beat-by-beat, photoplethysmograph device (Finometer PRO) and radial applanation tonometry respectively, to estimate central pressure waveform characteristics including systolic (SP), diastolic (DP), augmented (AP), reservoir (RP), and excess (XSP) pressure at rest and during a period of elevated and sustained arterial blood pressure. The central pressure waveform characteristics were estimated from finger artery pressure waveforms captured by the Finometer, and were compared to those derived from radial artery pressure waveforms captured using applanation tonometry at baseline (Rest) and during a brief period of circulatory occlusion (OCC) immediately following an isometric handgrip exercise challenge (performed at 40% maximal voluntary contraction) in 24 healthy men (25 ± 5 years). Central pressure waveform parameters derived from the Finometer device were not different to those estimated from radial applanation tonometry: SP (Rest: 3 ± 2; OCC: 4 ± 2 mmHg), DP (Rest: 1 ± 1; OCC 1 ± 2 mmHg), AP (Rest:2 ± 3; OCC: 3 ± 3 mmHg), RP (Rest: 3 ± 4; OCC: 3 ± 5 mmHg), and XSP (Rest: 2 ± 2; OCC: 2 ± 3 mmHg) (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, intra-class correlation coefficients between methods were uniformly high for the estimated change from Rest-to-OCC in all parameters: SP (r = 0.97), DP (r = 0.96), AP (r = 0.94), RP (r = 0.95), and XSP (Rest: r = 0.98) (all p < 0.01). These findings demonstrate that the Finometer device may serve as an alternative automated device to radial applanation tonometry for capturing peripheral pressure waveforms that allow similar estimation of central pressure waveform characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of normobaric hyperoxia on finger vasomotor and thermoperceptual responses to local cold in normothermic and mildly hypothermic individuals.","authors":"Michail E Keramidas, Heather M Bowes, Maaike I Moes, Ola Eiken, Mikael Gennser","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05869-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05869-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate whether a sustained period of normobaric O₂ breathing would modulate acral-skin vasoreactivity and thermosensitivity to localised cooling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight healthy men performed a 30-min normoxic and hyperoxic (100% O₂) hand cold (8 °C water) provocation, while immersed to the chest either in 35.1 (0.4)°C (normothermic trial) or in 21.0 (0.1)°C (hypothermic trial) water. Finger temperature, circulatory and perceptual responses were monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the normothermic trial, hyperoxia augmented the cold-induced drop in finger temperature, and attenuated the rewarming (P = 0.03). Hyperoxia also enhanced the sensation of pain (P = 0.04). During the hypothermic trial, hyperoxia did not modify finger temperature, circulatory and perceptual responses to cold (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In normothermia, hyperoxia aggravates finger cold-induced vasoconstriction and pain sensation. In mild hypothermia, however, any hyperoxia-evoked influence on finger vasomotion and thermonociception is overridden by the generalised vasoconstriction and thermal discomfort instigated by whole-body cooling.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiologic and mechanical responses to clustered vs. traditional sprint interval exercise approaches.","authors":"Refik Çabuk, Yıldırım Kayacan, Juan Manuel Murias, Bettina Karsten","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05857-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05857-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared responses to a traditional 30-s all-out sprint interval exercise (SIE) session, compared to two SIE sessions divided into clusters, with the aim to assess which of these sessions would result in higher peak oxygen uptake ( <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_2peak), longer time at <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O₂ ≥ respiratory compensation point (RCP), and greater peak power output during SIE (PPO_SIE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve trained males (19 ± 1 years; 176 ± 5 cm; 65.9 ± 6 kg; <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_2max: 54.0 ± 6.2 mL kg^-1 min^-1) performed three work-matched all-out cycling SIE sessions with a load of 7.5% body mass: (1) SIE30: 4 repetitions of 30-s work with 240-s recovery; (2) SIE15: 4 repetitions of 15-s work with 15-s recovery, plus 15-s work with 225-s recovery; (3) SIE10: 4 repetitions of 10-s work with 10-s recovery, plus 10-s work and 10-s recovery, plus 10-s work with 220-s recovery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PPO_SIE for SIE30 (697 ± 71 W) was lower than for SIE15 (732 ± 63 W; p = 0.001) and SIE10 (752 ± 75 W; p = 0.001). <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_2peak response for SIE30 (46.5 ± 6.6 mL kg^-1 min^-1) was lower than for SIE15 (51.9 ± 4.8 mL kg^-1 min^-1; p = 0.04) and SIE10 (50.9 ± 5.6 mL kg^-1 min^-1; p = 0.01). Time spent at <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O₂ ≥ RCP was shorter for SIE30 (32.9 ± 35.9 s) compared to SIE15 (95.0 ± 52.0 s; p = 0.001) and SIE10 (62.9 ± 46.1 s; p = 0.010). No differences were identified for these variables between SIE15 and SIE10 (p = 0.270).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to the SIE30 session, the clustering-based SIE protocols resulted in higher PPO_SIE values, a greater <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_2peak response, and longer time spent at <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O₂ ≥ RCP. Thus, clustering methods can maximize the above-mentioned responses and be appealing alternatives to the traditional 30-s SIE session.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One, two, or three times a week? examining the optimal frequency for strength and muscle growth in accentuated eccentric exercise.","authors":"Per Egil Refsnes, Jon Ingulf Medbø, Vidar Jakobsen, Arne Vilberg, Harald Vikne","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05828-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05828-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examines the effects of performing accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) resistance exercise one, two, or three times per week, with equal session doses, in resistance-trained athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three strength-trained athletes were allocated to one of three exercise groups: EX1 (n = 7), EX2 (n = 9), and EX3 (n = 7). Participants engaged in AEL full squat training once (EX1), twice (EX2), or three times (EX3) per week for 12 weeks. Maximum concentric (CONM), isometric (ISOM), and eccentric strength (ECCM), and strength endurance (SE70), were assessed using the full squat. Muscular power was evaluated through squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured via computed tomography, and muscle fiber type proportions by mATP-ase histochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all groups, ISOM (9.1 ± 8.5%), CONM (9.3 ± 5.7%), ECCM (14.0 ± 6.7%), and SE70 (28.6 ± 16.2%) increased significantly (all P < 0.001). SJ improved by 7.3 ± 6.9% (P < 0.001), and CMJ improved by 4.4 ± 6.0% (P = 0.003). Quadriceps CSA increased by 3.6 ± 4.1% (P < 0.001), and thigh CSA increased by 2.1 ± 2.9% (P = 0.005). The only significant between-group difference was that EX3 exhibited a greater increase in CONM compared with EX1 (P = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Training with AEL resistance exercise one, two, or three times per week for 12 weeks produced similar effects on maximum strength, power, and hypertrophy in resistance-trained athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}