European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Circadian phenotype is associated with diurnal variation in human exercise performance.","authors":"Akshay Singh, Sanjida Ahmed, Stuart J Hesketh","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06393-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06393-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"5577-5578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13633943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neck cooling, with or without menthol mouth rinse, improves repeated-shuttle sprint performance and perceived thermal strain in hijab-wearing female futsal players in hot-dry indoor conditions.","authors":"Akram Jafari, Ali Haghighati Borujeni","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06328-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06328-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Female athletes wearing a sports hijab may experience greater heat strain during high-intensity intermittent exercise. This study examined the effects of menthol mouth rinse (MEN), neck cooling (NEC), and their combination (NEC + MEN) on repeated-shuttle sprint performance, physiological responses, and perceptual outcomes in hijab-wearing female futsal players exercising in hot-dry indoor conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five female players completed four randomized crossover trials conducted in a hot-dry environment (34 ± 1 °C, 20-30% RH; WBGT ≈ 31 °C). Each trial involved a 10 × 30-m out-and-back repeated-sprint test every 30 s. Outcomes were mean/best sprint time, fatigue index, whole-body thermal sensation/comfort, RPE, and post-test HR, sweat loss, and pre-trial rectal temperature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean sprint time was faster in NEC and MEN + NEC than PLA (p < 0.001 for both) and modestly faster in MEN than PLA (p = 0.045). Best sprint time was faster in NEC and MEN + NEC than PLA (p < 0.001), whereas MEN did not differ from PLA (p = 1.000). Fatigue index was lower in MEN, NEC, and MEN + NEC than PLA (all p ≤ 0.002). Post-RSA heart rate and rectal temperature did not differ between conditions (p ≥ 0.553). Sweat loss was lower in MEN + NEC and NEC than PLA (p ≤ 0.049). Thermal sensation/comfort and RPE increased over time (p < 0.001) but were lower in NEC and MEN + NEC than PLA (condition effects, p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neck cooling enhances repeated-shuttle sprint performance and reduces perceived thermal strain in hijab-wearing female futsal players in hot-dry indoor heat. Menthol provides smaller performance benefits, and MEN + NEC is broadly comparable to NEC alone for primary performance outcomes.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>IRCT87477.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"5485-5497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148344323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does creatine supplementation improve strength and power in physically active individuals on a vegan diet? a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Miguel López-Moreno, Alejandro Muñoz, Millán Aguilar-Navarro, Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín, Arturo Franco-Andrés, Pilar López-López, Almudena Crespo-Cañizares, Paula Marrero-Fernández, Scott C Forbes","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06323-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06323-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess the impact of four weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation on strength and power performance in physically active individuals following a vegan diet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty physically active vegan adults (18-45 years) were enrolled in a triple-blind, placebo-controlled study. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either creatine monohydrate (0.1 g·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹; 5 females and 5 males) or a placebo (5 females and 5 males), while adhering to a normocaloric vegan diet. Body composition, physical performance (countermovement jump test (CMJ), sprint, repeated jumps, handgrip strength, and isometric mid-thigh pull), and renal biomarkers were assessed at baseline and after a 4-week supplementation period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 4 weeks, the creatine group showed significant increases in skeletal muscle mass (+ 0.3 kg), total body water (+ 1.4 kg), and BMI (+ 0.3 kg/m²), along with reduced body fat (-1.4 kg) compared to controls (p < 0.05). Serum creatinine and creatine levels significantly increased in the creatine group (p < 0.001-0.03). Performance improvements were observed in lower-body explosive performance, particularly in CMJ, as well as in maximal height and flight time during repeated jumps (p < 0.001-0.04), with no changes in sprint or strength tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Four weeks of creatine supplementation in individuals following a vegan diet enhances muscle strength and lower-body muscular power. Longer-term studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of creatine supplementation in this population.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT06483321. https//clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06483321.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"5521-5532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148367597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dominant and Nondominant Side Patterns in Hamstring Stiffness and Clinical Flexibility in Amateur Football Players and Healthy Controls.","authors":"Numan Mercan, Nurzat Elmali, Serdal Çitil, Kerem Bilsel, İbrahim Tuncay","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06355-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06355-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Football-specific loading may be associated with different dominant and nondominant (D and ND) side patterns in hamstring stiffness and clinical flexibility. This study compared D and ND side patterns in semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), and biceps femoris (BF) stiffness and in active knee extension (AKE) and straight leg raise (SLR) measurements between amateur football players and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 50 amateur football players and 50 healthy controls without organized athletic participation. Bilateral ST, SM, and BF stiffness values were measured using shear wave elastography (SWE). Clinical hamstring flexibility was assessed with AKE and SLR tests. D and ND side differences were examined within each group, and side difference patterns were compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In football players, SM stiffness was higher on the dominant side (D-ND estimate, 1.25 kPa, p = 0.012). In controls, BF stiffness was higher on the nondominant side (D-ND estimate, - 0.90 kPa, p = 0.044). In the primary between group comparison, only the BF D-ND difference differed significantly, with opposite directions of side difference between groups (between group estimate, 1.74 kPa, p = 0.013). Controls also showed dominant side AKE and SLR differences of 1.00° and 1.50°, both below reported measurement error thresholds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>D and ND side patterns in hamstring stiffness and clinical flexibility varied according to the muscle, test, and group studied. The main between group difference emerged through BF stiffness, whereas the AKE and SLR differences observed in controls were limited in magnitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"5451-5459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148469720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between pulmonary function, and hand grip strength among young adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ahmad M Osailan, Samah A Mowad, Ragab K Elnaggar","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06370-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06370-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary function and skeletal muscle strength are key indicators of physiological health, yet evidence describing their relationship in young, healthy populations remains underexplored in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to examine the association between pulmonary function and handgrip strength (HGS) in healthy young adults while controlling demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 71 healthy young adults (18-25 years) were recruited from the central region of Saudi Arabia. Pulmonary function test (PFT) was assessed using spirometry, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow (PEF). HGS was measured using a Jamar dynamometer. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Unadjusted associations were examined using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed to evaluate the independent association between pulmonary function parameters and HGS, adjusting for age, sex, height, weight, physical activity, and smoking status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unadjusted analyses showed moderate positive correlations between HGS and absolute spirometry indices, including FVC (r = 0.53), FEV₁ (r = 0.54), and PEF (r = 0.53; all p < 0.001). Associations with percentage-predicted spirometry values were weak and nonsignificant. In hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, age, sex, height, weight, physical activity, and smoking status explained 34.3% of the variance in HGS (p < 0.001). After adjustment for these covariates, the addition of FVC (ΔR² = 0.003, p = 0.597), FEV₁ (ΔR² = 0.019, p = 0.203), and PEF (ΔR² = 0.002, p = 0.702) did not significantly improve model fit. The final model explained 36.7% of the variance in HGS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pulmonary function was positively associated with HGS in unadjusted analyses; however, this association was attenuated after adjustment for demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors. These findings suggest that factors, such as sex and body size, may partially account for the association between pulmonary function and HGS in healthy young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"5665-5673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148561070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine and neuromodulatory regulation during prolonged maximal 6000-m rowing in male athletes.","authors":"Joanna Ostapiuk-Karolczuk, Anna Kasperska, Hanna Dziewiecka, Justyna Cichoń-Woźniak, Małgorzata Reysner, Wojciech Gruszka, Piotr Basta, Sabina Kaczmarczyk, Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06325-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06325-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The 6000-m rowing ergometer test represents a prolonged maximal effort commonly used in elite rowing; however, its physiological responses are less well characterized than those observed during the standard 2000-m race-distance format. This study aimed to examine acute endocrine and neuromodulatory responses to a maximal 6000-m rowing test in elite male rowers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen elite male rowers performed a maximal 6000-m rowing ergometer test. Venous blood samples were collected before exercise (PRE), immediately after exercise (POST), and after 1 h of recovery (1-h REC). Serum concentrations of cortisol, testosterone, serotonin, dopamine, β-endorphin, anandamide, and 2-arachidonoylglycerol were determined. Testosterone-to-cortisol and serotonin-to-dopamine ratios were calculated. Achievement motivation was assessed before exercise to describe task engagement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cortisol concentrations did not change across time points. Testosterone decreased at POST and increased above baseline at 1-h REC, resulting in corresponding changes in the testosterone-to-cortisol ratio. Serotonin concentrations decreased after exercise and remained reduced during recovery, whereas dopamine increased at POST and remained elevated at 1-h REC, leading to a reduced serotonin-to-dopamine ratio. β-Endorphin increased after exercise and remained elevated during recovery. Anandamide concentrations did not change significantly, while 2-arachidonoylglycerol showed a transient post-exercise decrease. Achievement motivation was not associated with acute physiological responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prolonged maximal rowing induced a physiological response characterized by distinct temporal patterns of endocrine and peripheral neuromodulatory markers during early recovery. These responses differ from those typically observed during race-distance testing and may contribute to the characterization of early post-exercise responses following prolonged maximal rowing exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"5475-5484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13633987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148344368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated model of rapid torque production: neuromuscular adaptations under fatigue after strength training.","authors":"Leonardo Henrique Perinotto Abdalla, Benedito Sérgio Denadai, Natália de Menezes Bassan, Ryan Michael Broxterman, Camila Coelho Greco","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06321-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06321-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of short-term maximal strength training on the dynamics of maximal torque and torque impulse, assessed in non-fatigued and fatigued muscles across distinct temporal domains. Nineteen healthy men participated: ten performed a unilateral short-term training program of the knee extensors, while nine maintained their habitual routines as a control group. Before and after the intervention, all participants performed a 5-minute all-out test. The test was used to characterize the torque-time hyperbolic relationship and to determine critical torque (CT) and critical impulse (CI), as well as the accumulated impulse above CT and CI (iCT' and iCI'). In the non-fatigued condition, training significantly increased maximal torque (p = 0.040), with no changes in torque impulse or integrated electromyography (iEMG) across the 30, 100, and 200 ms time windows (all p > 0.05). During the 5-min all-out test, training significantly increased the time constant (τ) of the decay in maximal torque and total impulse of torque (all, p < 0.05), while CT and CI remained unchanged (all, p > 0.05). In parallel, iCT' and iCI' increased significantly (all, p < 0.05). Analysis of iEMG revealed an increase in the intercept of the iEMG-contraction relationship (p < 0.05), with no change in its slope (p > 0.05). These findings demonstrate that short-term maximal strength training enhances maximal torque and fatigue tolerance during sustained maximal efforts via slower neuromechanical decay and greater impulse availability above critical thresholds, without altering the critical limits of torque or impulse.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"5437-5448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13634015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148367579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal muscle twitch relaxation kinetics following heat stress endurance: carbohydrate versus placebo.","authors":"Camila Nassif, Jack Cannon, Frank E Marino","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06368-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06368-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare post-exercise twitch contractile properties and M-wave characteristics after 60-km self-paced cycling in the heat following placebo (PLA) or 6% carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion as beverages or capsules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten well-trained male cyclists completed five randomised Latin-square trials: water (H₂O), CHO beverage (CHO_b), PLA beverage (PLA_b), CHO capsules (CHO_c), and PLA capsules (PLA_c). Neuromuscular function was assessed before and after the time trial, and after a sustained knee-extensor contraction at 20% MVC to task failure. Measures included MVC, voluntary activation (VA), M-wave amplitude, evoked twitch properties, and integrated electromyography (iEMG).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Performance time (p = 0.336) and time to task failure (p = 0.394) did not differ between conditions. iEMG increased during the 20% MVC in all trials (all p < 0.0001). There were no condition × time interactions for MVC, VA, M-wave amplitude (all p ≥ 0.335), or twitch contractile variables (all p ≥ 0.115). Time effects were observed for rate of relaxation, which decreased in all trials (p = 0.0302 to p = 0.000239), contraction duration, which increased in all trials (p = 0.0412 to p = 0.000091), and half-relaxation time, which increased in H₂O, PLA_c and CHO_c (p ≤ 0.00322).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prolonged self-paced cycling in the heat produced a reproducible neuromuscular response dominated by slowed twitch relaxation. However, 6% CHO ingestion did not clearly attenuate these changes compared with PLA, suggesting that the principal impairment reflected exercise and heat load rather than CHO availability or delivery mode.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"5643-5653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13633997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submaximal walking increases MicroRNA-126 and angiogenic markers in men and women with peripheral arterial disease.","authors":"Amauri Maroto, Tiago Fernandes, Bruno R A Pelozin, Anthony S Leicht, Nelson Wolosker, Luan Morais Azevêdo, Luiz Augusto Riani Costa, Paulo Rizzo Ramires, Cláudia Lúcia de Moraes Forjaz, Natan Daniel da Silva Junior","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06360-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06360-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vascular dysfunction is a pathophysiological mechanism in peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD patients exhibit reduced circulating expression of microRNA-126 (c-miRNA-126) and VEGF. Submaximal walking (SW) is recommended in PAD because it increases walking capacity, partially by improving vascular regulation, which can be observed after a walking session. Nevertheless, previous studies were conducted with maximal walking and in men. As women with PAD present worse disease characteristics and greater ischemia, they may be less responsive to SW, which needs to be investigated. Thus, this study compared the acute effects of SW on vascular function, c-miRNA-126 and angiogenic markers in men and women with PAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty patients (15 women) underwent, in a random order, 2 sessions: control (standing on treadmill) and SW (15 bouts of 2-min walking at moderate intensity intersected by 2-min rest). Circulating gene expression of miRNA-126, SPRED-1, PI3KR2, VEGF, and eNOS were evaluated before and after the interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both genders presented similar maximal walking capacity. Vascular function did not change after the interventions in either gender. After SW, both groups presented a similar decrease in PI3KR2 and similar increases in c-miRNA-126, VEGF and eNOS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In men and women with PAD, an acute SW similarly increases c-miRNA-126 expression, which inhibits PI3KR2, enabling the progression of the VEGF angiogenic signaling pathway of PI3K-AKT-eNOS. These results support that SW is equally effective in inducing molecular angiogenic changes in men and women with PAD, supporting its recommendation for both genders. Future studies should address these possible chronic effects of walking.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"5619-5628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13633951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between medial gastrocnemius viscosity and rate of torque development: new insights into resting muscle viscoelasticity and rapid force production.","authors":"Risa Adachi, Taiki Kodesho, Gakuto Nakao, Ginji Nara, Koki Ishiyama, Keita Sekiguchi, Junpei Sawano, Shota Hirayama, Kotoka Kida, Ryosuke Ando, Keigo Taniguchi","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06312-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06312-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between medial gastrocnemius (MG) shear modulus and viscosity, as measured using shear wave elastography (SWE), and the capacity for rapid force production, specifically the rate of torque development (RTD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-nine healthy young men participated in this study. The passive shear modulus and viscosity (viscosity coefficient) of the MG were measured using SWE. Viscosity was quantified at 15° of plantarflexion, whereas shear modulus was measured at 0° and 15° of plantarflexion. Participants performed maximal isometric plantarflexion at 0°. RTD was calculated over 0-50 (RTD50) and 0-100 ms (RTD100) and was normalized to peak torque. The relationships between MG viscosity, MG shear modulus, RTD, and peak torque were analysed using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Viscosity at 15° of plantarflexion was significantly positively correlated with RTD50 (r = 0.507, p = 0.005) and RTD100 (r = 0.399, p = 0.032). Shear modulus at 0° of plantarflexion was also significantly correlated with RTD50 (r = 0.479, p = 0.009) and RTD100 (r = 0.377, p = 0.044). No significant correlations were found between peak torque and any viscoelastic parameters. Shear modulus at 15° of plantarflexion did not correlate with RTD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides initial evidence that skeletal muscle viscosity may be crucial in determining rapid force production. In addition to acting as a property characterized by velocity-dependent resistance, muscle viscosity may contribute to stable and efficient force transmission during the initial phase of contraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"5145-5154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148344407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}