European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"24 h severe fluid restriction increases a biomarker of renal injury in healthy males.","authors":"Loris A Juett, Mark P Funnell, Harriet A Carroll, Lewis J James, Stephen A Mears","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05749-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05749-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exercise-induced hypohydration exacerbates biomarkers of renal injury, but studies isolating the effects of hypohydration without exercise have produced mixed findings. This study investigated the effects of 24-h severe fluid restriction on biomarkers of renal injury and glucose tolerance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen males (age: 27 ± 5 y; BMI: 24.1 ± 3.8 kg/m²) completed two randomised trials, involving consuming either 40 mL/kg body mass water to maintain euhydration (EU) or severe fluid restriction via limiting water consumption to 100 mL (HYP). A standardised dry food diet was consumed in both trials (~ 300 g water). At baseline and 24 h post-baseline, nude body mass, and blood and urine samples (additional urine sample at 12 h) were collected. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted after 24-h post-baseline measurements (n = 12).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 24 h, body mass loss (HYP: - 1.52 ± 0.34%, EU: - 0.24 ± 0.40%), plasma volume loss, serum, and urine osmolality were greater in HYP than EU (P ≤ 0.004). Osmolality-corrected urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) concentrations were greater in HYP at 12 (HYP: 1.097 ± 0.587 ng/mOsm, EU: 0.570 ± 0.408 ng/mOsm; P < 0.001) and 24-h (HYP: 1.932 ± 1.173 ng/mOsm, EU: 1.599 ± 1.012 ng/mOsm; P = 0.01). There was no trial-by-time interactions for osmolality-corrected urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations (P = 0.781) or plasma glucose (P = 0.550) and insulin (P = 0.193) concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypohydration produced by 24-h fluid restriction increased proximal tubular injury but did not affect glucose tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced joint energy transfer potential by the biarticular gastrocnemii muscles during perturbed walking.","authors":"Christos Theodorakis, Sebastian Bohm, Gaspar Epro, Falk Mersmann, Julian Werth, Kiros Karamanidis, Adamantios Arampatzis","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05727-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05727-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our objective was to explore how the potential for energy transfer between the ankle and knee joint via the biarticular gastrocnemii muscles is modulated during unpredictable and adapted trip-like and drop-like gait perturbations. Using kinematic parameters of the ankle and knee joints, the energy transfer potential between the two joints was determined as the fraction of contact time when the ankle and knee joint angles are in-phase. Additionally, the electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis were captured during the drop-like perturbations. The energy transfer potential increased 1.6-fold in the trip-like and 2.5-fold in the drop-like perturbations compared to unperturbed walking, indicating a relevant involvement of biarticular mechanisms in maintaining body stability. The activation of the gastrocnemii was high (50-60% of a maximum voluntary contraction) in the phases of ankle-to-knee and knee-to-ankle joint energy transfer, which suggests a relevant contribution of biarticular mechanisms to the management of the body's energy during the drop-like perturbations. Considering the similar ankle-to-knee joint energy transfer potential compared to unperturbed walking, the higher activation of the gastrocnemii muscles in the first 20% of the stance indicates a greater contribution of biarticular mechanisms to the absorption of body energy in the unpredictable perturbations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of hypohydration before and different rehydration strategies after severe intensity exercise on post-exercise hypotension in men.","authors":"Tze-Huan Lei, Xia Wei, Faming Wang, Jingliang Chen, Richie Goulding, James Cotter, Jason Kai Wei Lee, Beverly Tan, Tatsuro Amano, Tomomi Fujimoto, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, Toby Mündel","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05728-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05728-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined the effect of 12 h of fluid deprivation before, and three different rehydration strategies (none, fixed volume, and ad libitum drinking) after exercise on post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in 12 normotensive Asian men. The participants underwent four experimental trials, comprising euhydration (Eu), dehydration only (De), dehydration with fixed fluid intake (De + Fixed) and dehydration with ad libitum fluid intake (De + Ad). The participants completed one of the dehydration trials at the severe intensity domain until volitional exhaustion. All other trials were strictly matched for the time to exhaustion reported in the dehydration trial (698 ± 179 s), with a 1-h recovery in all trials. The dehydration trials (De, De + Fixed and De + Ad) induced higher resting plasma osmolality (291 ± 4, 294 ± 6, 294 ± 4 vs. 287 ± 4 mOsm/kg, respectively), urine specific gravity and haematocrit (all P < 0.03) than Eu. The peak reduction in post-exercise diastolic blood pressure was larger in De (- 12 ± 2 mm Hg) than in Eu (- 6 ± 1 mm Hg), De + Fixed (- 4 ± 2 mm Hg) and De + Ad (- 5 ± 2 mm Hg), as was the reduction in mean arterial pressure (De: - 11 ± 2 vs - 7 ± 1, - 5 ± 1 and - 5 ± 1 mm Hg, all P < 0.05). These reductions did not differ across Eu, De + Fixed and De + Ad (all P > 0.80). No effects of dehydration on systolic pressure were observed (P = 0.06). Dehydration exacerbated PEH whilst fixed and ad libitum drinking during the post-exercise period were equally effective at mitigating hypotension in Asian men.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of oral contraceptive consumption timing on substrate metabolism, cognition, and exercise performance in females: a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Dan Martin, Mel Bargh, Kyla Pennington","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05733-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05733-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The pharmacokinetic profile of oral contraceptives (OCs) results in an acute, transient increase in circulating synthetic reproductive hormones. This study aimed to assess the acute effects of OC ingestion on cognitive function, substrate metabolism and exercise performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen combined OC users ingested either their OC or placebo (PLA) in a randomised, double-blind, crossover manner. After 60 min, participants completed tests of verbal memory and verbal fluency, followed by sub-maximal treadmill exercise for 6 min at 70% lactate threshold (LT) and 90% LT where respiratory exchange ratio (RER), carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), felt arousal and feeling scale were recorded. Participants then completed an incremental ramp test to exhaustion to assess time to exhaustion (TTE) and peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak), before ingesting the pill corresponding to the opposing condition RESULTS: Compared to PLA, the OC condition has a significantly lower RER, arousal and feeling scale and significantly higher verbal fluency score (all P < 0.05) with no differences in other variables (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combined OC ingestion acutely affects substrate metabolism, affective responses to exercise and verbal fluency. The timing of OC ingestion should be considered in relation to aspects of physiological function.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highest oxygen consumption prediction: introducing variable theoretical proportional factors for different sports.","authors":"Irma Lorenzo-Capellá, Juan José Ramos-Álvarez, Maria Elena Jiménez-Herranz, Nicola Maffulli, Edilson Fernando de Borba, Enzo Iuliano, Francisco Javier Calderón-Montero, Luca Paolo Ardigò, Luca Russo, Johnny Padulo","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05625-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05625-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The use of a fixed theoretical-proportional-factor (TPF₁₅) is one of the indirect highest-oxygen-consumptions (HOC) assessment methods, but it may not accurately reflect the physiological differences across various sports (cycling-triathlon-running-football-multisport). The aim of this study is to evaluate the variability of TPF across different sports, proposing a series of sport-specific new TPF values for more accurate HOC estimation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 340 adults (26.01 ± 7.18 years) performed a maximal-incremental-test using sport-specific-ergometers. HOC was considered for cycling  <math> <msub> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mtext>O</mtext></mrow> <mtext>2peak</mtext></msub> </math> , whereas for the other investigated sports it was considered <math> <msub> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mtext>O</mtext></mrow> <mtext>2max</mtext></msub> </math> . HOC was directly measured using a gas-analyzer, and TPF values were calculated using heart rate (HR): the ratio of HR_max/HR_rest multiplied for the measured values of HOC. A one-way ANOVA was used to measure differences and Bland-Altman plots were constructed to compare predicted and actual  <math> <msub> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mtext>O</mtext></mrow> <mtext>2max</mtext></msub> </math> / <math> <msub> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mtext>O</mtext></mrow> <mtext>2peak</mtext></msub> </math> .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Actual HOC was significantly greater than those predicted by the fixed TPF₁₅ (P < 0.001). Sport-specific new TPF values ranged from 16.55 in multisport to 20.15 in cycling, consistently exceeding the old fixed TPF₁₅, and predicting therefore better HOC. The new TPF exhibited a closer agreement with the directly measured <math> <msub> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mtext>O</mtext></mrow> <mtext>2max</mtext></msub> </math> / <math> <msub> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mtext>O</mtext></mrow> <mtext>2peak</mtext></msub> </math>  compared to the TPF₁₅. Furthermore, the new TPF reduced the typical-measurement-error (14.94-17.78%) compared to TPF₁₅ (15.63-24.13%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that new TPF values predict <math> <msub> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mtext>O</mtext></mrow> <mtext>2max</mtext></msub> </math> / <math> <msub> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mtext>O</mtext></mrow> <mtext>2peak</mtext></msub> </math>  with higher accuracy compared to the traditional method. The use of HR_max and HR_rest values allows to customize training programs for different athletes. Future research should focus on validating these findings across larger populations of athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"687-696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in older adults exposed to simulated indoor overheating.","authors":"Nathalie V Kirby, Robert D Meade, James J McCormick, Kelli E King, Sean R Notley, Glen P Kenny","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05623-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05623-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neuroprotective growth factor that increases in young adults during short, intense bouts of passive heat stress. However, this may not reflect the response in heat-vulnerable populations exposed to air temperatures more consistent with indoor overheating during hot weather and heatwaves, especially as the BDNF response to acute stressors may diminish with increasing age. We therefore evaluated the ambient and body temperature-dependent responses of BDNF in older adults during daylong passive heating.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen older adults (6 females; aged 66-78 years) completed 8-h exposure to four randomized ambient conditions simulating those experienced indoors during hot weather and heatwaves in continental climates: 22 °C (air-conditioning; control), 26 °C (health-agency-recommended indoor temperature limit), 31 °C, and 36 °C (non-airconditioned home); all 45% relative humidity. To further investigate upstream mechanisms of BDNF regulation during thermal strain, we also explored associations between BDNF and circulating heat shock protein 70 (HSP70; taken as an indicator of the heat shock response).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Circulating BDNF was elevated by ~ 28% (1139 [95%CI: 166, 2112] pg/mL) at end-exposure in the 36 °C compared to the 22 °C control condition (P = 0.026; 26 °C-and 31 °C-22 °C differences: P ≥ 0.090), increasing 90 [22, 158] pg/mL per 1 °C rise in ambient temperature (linear trend: P = 0.011). BDNF was also positively correlated with mean body temperatures (P = 0.013), which increased 0.12 [0.10, 0.13]°C per 1 °C rise in ambient temperature (P < 0.001). By contrast, serum HSP70 did not change across conditions (P ≥ 0.156), nor was it associated with BDNF (P = 0.376).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate a progressive increase in circulating BDNF during indoor overheating in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"769-780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute caffeine supplementation offsets the impairment in 10-km running performance following one night of partial sleep deprivation: a randomized controlled crossover trial.","authors":"Yi-Shan Tsai, Ting-Tzu Chen, Yau-Ching Chan, Chun-Chin Huang, Ting-Fu Lai, Yung Liao, Richard S Metcalfe, Yung-Chih Chen, Ho-Seng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05638-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05638-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Whether acute caffeine supplementation can offset the negative effects of one-night of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on endurance exercise performance is currently unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten healthy recreational male runners (age: 27 ± 6 years; <math> <msub> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mtext>O</mtext></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mo>max</mo></mrow> </msub> </math> : 61 ± 9 mL/kg/min) completed 4 trials in a balanced Latin square design, which were PSD + caffeine (PSD-Caf), PSD + placebo (PSD-Pla), normal sleep (NS) + caffeine (NS-Caf) and NS + placebo (NS-Pla). 3 and 8 h sleep windows were scheduled in PSD and NS, respectively. 10-km treadmill time trial (TT) performance was assessed 45 min after caffeine (6 mg/kg/body mass)/placebo supplementation in the morning following PSD/NS. Blood glucose, lactate, free fatty acid and glycerol were measured at pre-supplementation, pre-exercise and after exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PSD resulted in compromised TT performance compared to NS in the placebo conditions by 5% (51.9 ± 7.7 vs. 49.4 ± 6.9 min, p = 0.001). Caffeine improved TT performance compared to placebo following both PSD by 7.7% (PSD-Caf: 47.9 ± 7.3 min vs. PSD-Pla: 51.9 ± 7.7 min, p = 0.007) and NS by 2.8% (NS-Caf: 48.0 ± 6.4 min vs. NS-Pla: 49.4 ± 6.9 min, p = 0.049). TT performance following PSD-Caf was not different from either NS-Pla or NS-Caf (p = 0.185 and p = 0.891, respectively). Blood glucose, lactate, and glycerol concentrations at post-exercise, as well as heart rate and the speed/RPE ratio during TT, were higher in caffeine trials compared to placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Caffeine supplementation offsets the negative effects of one-night PSD on 10-km running performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"825-835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) are associated with lower knee joint cartilage quality and higher knee joint symptoms in healthy individuals.","authors":"Andrea Monte, Dominik Vilimek, Jaroslav Uchytil, Jiri Skypala, Lukáš Cipryan, Victor Casula, Daniel Jandačka, Miika T Nieminen","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05646-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05646-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In an asymptomatic population, we investigated the relationships between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and cartilage T2 relaxation time at the knee joint level. Fourteen and 17 participants with high and normal levels of HbA1c were recruited, respectively. A blood sample was used to determine the HbA1c level. T2 relaxation time (T2) of the superficial and deep parts of the femoral cartilage in the anterior, central, and posterior topographical sites was calculated using magnetic resonance (1.5 T) images. Each participant completed a knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score questionnaire (KOOS) and a series of biomechanical analyses while running at their self-selected speed. The group with a high level of HbA1c had a lower score of KOOS symptoms than the other group (P < 0.05). HbA1c was found to be negatively related to the KOOS symptoms score. The group with a high level of HbA1c had low T2 values in all of the investigated topographical sites of the knee femoral cartilage (P < 0.05 in all cases). T2 was negatively correlated with HbA1c levels in all investigated knee femoral cartilage regions. Our data suggest that the subjects with high levels of HbA1c were those with low knee joint symptoms and lower values of T2. These results indicate that HbA1c could be correlated with cartilage deterioration due to its ability to dehydrate collagen fibre, possibly acting as a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"885-894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The effect of ischemic preconditioning on physical fitness and performance: a meta-analysis in healthy adults.","authors":"Zhen Chen, Wenqiang Wu, Lijun Qiang, Congshuai Wang, Zhijian He, Yufeng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05701-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05701-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effect of sprint interval training and post-exercise blood flow restriction on muscle deoxygenation responses during ramp incremental cycling.","authors":"Brynmor C Breese, Stephen J Bailey, Richard A Ferguson","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05645-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05645-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the effect of sprint-interval training combined with post-exercise blood flow restriction (i.e., SIT + BFR) on pulmonary gas exchange and microvascular deoxygenation responses during ramp incremental (RI) cycling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen healthy, untrained males (mean ± SD age: 24 ± 5 years; height: 178 ± 6 cm; body mass: 77.0 ± 10.7 kg) were assigned to receive 4 weeks of SIT or SIT + BFR. Before and after the intervention period, each participant completed a RI cycling test for determination of peak oxygen uptake ( <math> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mtext>O</mtext> <mtext>2peak</mtext></msub> </mrow> </math> ) and the gas exchange threshold (GET) with deoxygenated heme (Δdeoxy[heme]) and tissue oxygenation index (TOI) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in vastus lateralis (VL) muscle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Relative <math> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mtext>O</mtext> <mtext>2peak</mtext></msub> </mrow> </math> increased by 7% following both interventions (P ≤ 0.03). SIT + BFR increased peak Δdeoxy[heme] when normalized relative to leg arterial occlusion (PRE: 57.3 ± 13.0 vs. POST: 62.0 ± 13.2%; P = 0.009) whereas there was no significant difference following SIT (PRE: 64.9 ± 14.3 vs. POST: 71.4 ± 11.7%; P = 0.17). Likewise, TOI nadir decreased at exhaustion following SIT + BFR (PRE: 56.9 ± 9.1 vs. POST: 51.4 ± 9.2%; P = 0.002) but not after SIT (PRE: 58.5 ± 7.1 vs. POST: 56.3 ± 8.2%; P = 0.29). The absolute cycling power at the GET increased following SIT + BFR (PRE: 108 ± 13 vs. POST: 125 ± 17 W, P = 0.001) but was not significantly different following SIT (PRE: 112 ± 7 VS. POST: 116 ± 11 W, P = 0.54).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of post-exercise BFR to SIT alters the mechanism underlying the enhancement in <math> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mtext>O</mtext> <mtext>2peak</mtext></msub> </mrow> </math> by increasing the peak rate of muscle fractional O₂ extraction in previously untrained males.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"851-868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}