Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management最新文献

{"title":"Nanotechnology for sustainable remediation of petrochemical effluents: trends, challenges, and opportunities","authors":"Isaac Alhamdu Baba ,&nbsp;Paul Habila Samson ,&nbsp;Saad Shafiu ,&nbsp;Saheed Mustapha ,&nbsp;Ambali Saka Abdulkareem ,&nbsp;Jimoh Oladejo Tijani","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The enormous expansion of the petrochemical industry has resulted in an immediate rise in complex and recalcitrant pollutants released into water bodies, posing severe environmental and health hazard to the public. The traditional treatments are largely ineffective in removing the varied array of the common pollutants found in petrochemical wastewaters, such as heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Over the past decades, nanotechnology has been a developing area of sustainable treatment of petrochemical wastewater with a high surface area, adjustable physicochemical characteristics, and improved reactivity. The present review provides an integrated overview of recent advancements in application of nanomaterials such as metal oxides, carbon-based nanostructures, and hybrid nanocomposites for efficient treatment of petrochemical effluents. Adsorption, photocatalytic, and redox removal mechanisms are scrutinized at the molecular level. Also, the current paper establishes the master challenges, such as nanoparticle agglomeration, secondary pollution, scalability, and regulation. Trends of innovative green synthesis routes, intelligent nanomaterials, and coupled treatment systems are also presented as avenues to greener and effective remediation. This review will provide a general vision to engineers, researchers, and policymakers for the safe application of nanotechnology in environmental settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Development of a whey protein adsorbent via a novel green electrospinning process: Optimization of synthesis parameters and evaluation of lead removal from water” [Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag. 25 (2026) 101134]","authors":"Mateo Gallardo-Salas ,&nbsp;María Ximena Quintanilla-Carvajal ,&nbsp;Didilia Ileana Mendoza-Castillo ,&nbsp;Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet ,&nbsp;Martha Cobo ,&nbsp;Carlos Jiménez-Junca","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148230935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable dual-stage treatment of textile wastewater using Ti-Ti electrocoagulation and activated carbon for water reuse: a comparative study of synthetic and industrial effluent","authors":"Sahaya Leenus Sebastian ,&nbsp;Jovitha Jane David ,&nbsp;M.S. Asath Murphy ,&nbsp;Sasirekha Vanarajan ,&nbsp;Jegathambal Palanichamy ,&nbsp;Kavitha Subbiah ,&nbsp;Parameswari Kalivel","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the efficacy of a dual-stage treatment method for Coralene Navy Blue 3G dye and Small-Scale Dyeing Industry (SSI) effluent that uses titanium (Ti-Ti) electrodes in electrocoagulation (EC) followed by activated carbon (AC) filtration. In recognition of its stability, resistance to corrosion, and low amount of secondary pollutants, titanium was chosen. To optimise Colour Removal Efficiency (CRE), key operational parameters such as dye concentration, pH, voltage, reaction time, and electrolyte concentration were optimised. For optimal conditions (110 mg/L, pH 7, 15 V, 15 min), dye 3G showed a 93% CRE, which improved to 99.6% following AC treatment. Similarly, SSI effluent acquired 98.1% CRE under optimal conditions (pH 7.1, 10 V, 10 min), which increased to 99.49% after AC. COD, BOD, TDS, and TSS levels were all substantially reduced by the method used. FT-IR and HPLC studies on the treated dye solution/effluent indicated that the chemical degradation and compositional changes in pollutants, whereas ICP-OES confirmed effective titanium reduction to permissible levels (0.001 mg/L for dye 3G; 0.22 mg/L for SSI effluent). SEM, XPS, and EDAX investigations proved different sludge morphologies and chemical changes. The energy usage for dye 3G was higher (1.11 kWh/m³) than for SSI effluent (0.553 kWh/m³). Overall, Ti-Ti EC followed by AC filtration offers a cost effective, scalable, and renewable approach for textile wastewater treatment and reuse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating groundwater vulnerability to seawater intrusion in the coastal region of Bangladesh","authors":"Paramalakshmi ,&nbsp;A.H.M. Selim Reza ,&nbsp;Roni Roy ,&nbsp;Tirthojit Barman ,&nbsp;Piyas Chandra Sarker ,&nbsp;Abu Shamim Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2026.101130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Bangladesh’s southwest coastal belt, including Khulna District, seawater intrusion poses a serious threat to groundwater quality. This study evaluates groundwater vulnerability using hydrochemical analysis of 30 (thirty) samples to detect salinity levels and potential intrusion. Results show significant salinization in parts of the study area, with electrical conductivity (EC) up to 3016 µS/cm, total dissolved solids (TDS) up to 1930 mg/L, and salinity up to 0.57 ppt. Most samples are mixed NaCl and NaHCO₃ water types, with Na⁺ as the dominant cation and Cl⁻ and HCO₃⁻ as main anions. Correlation analysis reveals strong relationships between EC and Cl⁻ (R2 = 0.975) and Na⁺ (R2 = 0.835), identifying them as key indicators of seawater intrusion. According to WHO drinking water guidelines, sodium concentrations (65.20–2406.92 mg/L) indicate 17% of the area is highly vulnerable. Chloride levels (10.30–987.99 mg/L) classify 13% as moderately vulnerable and 10% as highly vulnerable, while bicarbonate levels (245.30–668.85 mg/L) mostly meet DOE standards. Trace elements in most of the samples such as As (0.2–0.38 mg/L), Fe (0.00–3.39 mg/L), and Mn (0.00–0.65 mg/L) exceed permissible limits. Salinity levels have risen sharply, linked to reduced surface water flow and rising sea levels during dry season. GALDIT model (groundwater level, aquifer type, hydraulic conductivity, distance from shore, intrusion impact, and aquifer thickness), indicate that vulnerability increases where the water table lies near or below sea level, especially near tidal rivers. Based on the [Cl⁻]/[HCO₃⁻ + CO₃²⁻] ratio, Chandkhali Union (3.56) showed the highest vulnerability, while Dumuria Union (0.02) had the lowest. The vulnerability map highlights the southern region—particularly Laskar, Chandkhali, and Garuikhali Unions in Paikgachha—as most at risk, while northeastern areas like Khulna Sadar and Dumuria Upazilas show low to moderate susceptibility. These findings provide crucial guidance for managing freshwater aquifers and preventing salinization in coastal Bangladesh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effect of aluminum oxide nanoparticles on activated sludge performance in sequencing batch reactors","authors":"Nina Doskocz,&nbsp;Katarzyna Affek,&nbsp;Monika Załęska-Radziwiłł","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoparticles (NPs) have raised global concerns due to their extensive use and detrimental impacts on ecosystems. While wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are viewed as potential sources of nanocompounds in the environment, the influence of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃NPs) on wastewater treatment remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore the long-term effects of wastewater-borne Al₂O₃NPs and their bulk counterparts on the effectiveness of pollutant removal within sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), activated sludge performance, internal biological activity/viability, and microbial community diversity and structure. The presence of Al₂O₃NPs was observed to induce alterations in the removal efficiency of COD, <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>-</mo></mrow></math></span> N, and SOP from wastewater, as well as impacting the nitrification process during prolonged exposure. Al₂O₃NPs in wastewater accumulated in the sludge, affecting its morphology and diminishing microbial viability and biological activity. Additionally, high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA indicated that Al₂O₃NPs could impact on the microbial richness and diversity of activated sludge in the SBR. In contrast, wastewater containing bulk counterparts did not negatively influence the capacity of wastewater treatment plants. This research provides novel and crucial insights into the effects of Al₂O₃NPs on the biological wastewater treatment process, holding significance for risk assessment procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-generation remediation tools: A review on cyclodextrin-based nanocomposites","authors":"Alka Rai ,&nbsp;Amarpreet K. Bhatia ,&nbsp;Sunitha B. Mathew ,&nbsp;Sunita Sanwaria ,&nbsp;Ajaya Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Ravin Jugade","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water contamination has attracted considerable attention due to its potentially devastating consequences on human health and the environment. Therefore, cutting-edge remediation technology development becomes a crucial environmental concern. A wide variety of techniques, such as adsorption, ion exchange, electrolysis, membrane process, reverse osmosis, and coagulation, have been used to remove hazardous heavy-metal-ions, organic contaminants, and dyes from water. Adsorptive confiscation of water toxicants based on functionalized polymers, biopolymers and metal organic frameworks is the key to wastewater treatment. Functionalization of these materials aim at three major objectives: (i) enhancing adsorption capacities of the material, (ii) improve selectivity towards desired pollutant, (iii) recyclability and reusability of material in multiple cycles. Recent literature has revealed that the cyclodextrin-derived nanocomposites have been identified as the most promising adsorbents for the removal of contaminants among the different conventional adsorbing materials. The structural and functional composition of cyclodextrin has shown a potential to meet all the three objectives making it a promising material in native form as well as modified forms for water detoxification. This article presents anup-to-date compilation of recent advances in the synthesis and study of adsorbents based on Cyclodextrin nanocomposites for the remediation of a wide range of contaminants. This review has been primarily focused onheavy-metal-ions, organic pollutants and dyes removal studies. Finally, this review may serve as a springboard for further study and provide insight into potential future developments and obstacles concerning Cyclodextrin nanocomposites in the role of adsorbents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally-friendly activated carbon for the removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria removal from hospital wastewater","authors":"Ederaldo Luiz Beline ,&nbsp;Alexandre Amado de Moura ,&nbsp;Alexandre Diório ,&nbsp;Anna Carla Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Benício Alves de Abreu Filho ,&nbsp;Daniel Tait Vareschini ,&nbsp;Débora Federici dos Santos ,&nbsp;Leidiane Silva Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;Rosângela Bergamasco ,&nbsp;Maria Angélica Simões Dornellas de Barros","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has driven research into natural antimicrobial alternatives. Allicin, a compound formed in freshly crushed garlic cloves, exhibits antibacterial properties but suffers from poor stability in aqueous environments. That is why this study aimed to explore the synthesis and characterization of allicin-modified activated carbon (AMAC) and evaluate its potential application removing <em>Escherichia coli</em> from synthetic hospital wastewater (HWW). Sugarcane bagasse (SB) provided by a local Brazilian alcohol mill was transformed into activated carbon (SBAC) through a hydrothermal process (heating at 200 °C for 24 h followed by activation at 450 °C for 10 min). Allicin extract was obtained from fresh garlic and impregnated onto the SBAC surface, resulting in AMAC with 105 µm mean diameter. The materials were characterized (FT-IR, Raman and N₂-physisorption), revealing significant structural and surface modifications. The antibacterial activity of allicin against <em>E. coli</em> was assessed through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) trials and disk diffusion, demonstrating effective bacterial growth inhibition, as expected. Adsorption assays showed that AMAC enhanced <em>E. coli</em> removal efficiency in synthetic HWW by 3 %, compared to the AMAC in deionized and sterile water. This improvement was attributed to the positive interactions and synergistic effects between AMAC and the wastewater constituents. In other words, it means that AMAC can be used in the <em>E. coli</em> removal even in presence of organic and inorganic molecules without any loss of efficiency. The study also highlights the environmentally friendly synthesis process of AMAC and its potential as a sustainable solution for treating HWWs without the use of antibiotics, thus avoiding the potential release of pharmaceutical compounds into the environment. The results suggest that AMAC could be a viable alternative for enhancing the removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from contaminated water sources, contributing to public health and environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of 2-mercaptonicotinic acid capped silver nanoparticles for sensing of thiram and their nanoaggregates for detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions","authors":"Jamila Husain Kagdi ,&nbsp;Vaibhavkumar N. Mehta ,&nbsp;Sanjay Jha ,&nbsp;Tae Jung Park ,&nbsp;Suresh Kumar Kailasa","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive use of pesticides and heavy metals can pose serious risks to human health and ecological balance. These pollutants persist in soil and water and bioaccumulate in organisms, leading to metabolic disruption and environmental damage. In this situation, simple, quick and inexpensive sensing platforms are essentially required to assay both pesticide residues and metal ions in environmental samples at the same time. This work represents the development of a dual-responsive colorimetric sensing probe for the detection of thiram using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) modified with 2-mercapto-nicotinic acid (2-MNA) (AgNPs@2-MNA) and further AgNPs@2-MNA-thriam nanoaggregates were used for parallel detection Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ ion, respectively. The characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs@2-MNA was remarkably shifted upon the addition of thiram, thereby forming AgNPs@2-MNA-thiram nanoaggregates, which was further used for the detection of Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions via complex-assisted sensing mechanism. The assay came out with good linear ranges and the lower limits of detection as calculated for thiram, Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ are 0.474, 0.411 and 0.487 µM, respectively. This colorimetric assay was successfully validated for the detection of thiram and two metal ions (Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺) in real environmental samples, highlighting its potential for field-deployable environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorption of hexavalent chromium ion onto natural swelling clay and acidified clay as a nano adsorbent: Kinetic and thermodynamic study","authors":"Niraka Blaise ,&nbsp;Aguiza Abai Emmanuel ,&nbsp;Mohamed Oubaouz ,&nbsp;El Mostafa Erradi ,&nbsp;Cherrat Ayoub ,&nbsp;Kofa Guillaume Patrice ,&nbsp;Ndi Koungou Sylvère ,&nbsp;Hambate Gomdje Valery ,&nbsp;Abdelilah Chtaini","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural clay (NC) from Makabaye (Far North Cameroon) was pre-treated according to the stocks method and the resulting powder was subjected to acid treatment (HCl at 0.5 M) to obtain acidified clay (AC) material. These materials (NC and AC) were subjected to morphological and structural characterization and then to successive adsorption (in batch mode) and desorption studies for hexavalent chromium until AC lost its adsorptive properties. These analyses showed the exfoliation of the clay after acidification. The influence of experimental parameters such as the variation in contact time, the mass of adsorbent, the pH of the solutions, the initial concentration of Cr (VI) ions were studied showed that each of the parameters influences the adsorption process. The results showed that adsorption equilibrium was reached after 20 min with both adsorbents. The optimum quantities of Cr (VI) ions adsorbed by the adsorbent were obtained for masses of 0.100 g. Maximum adsorption of Cr (VI) ions was obtained at pH = 3 with both adsorbents. This work also showed that by keeping the optimum parameters fixed, the quantity of chromium ions adsorbed increased significantly before stabilising at 15 mg/L with the two clay samples. Under these same optimum conditions, the maximum quantity adsorbed was obtained with the acidified clay and the natural clay, i.e. 29.41 mg/g and 27.78 mg/g respectively. The application of adsorption isotherms has shown that the Langmuir model (R² = 0.980 with AC and R² = 0.971 with NC) and Dubinin-Radushkevich model (R² = 0.917 with AC and R² = 0.991 with NC) better describes the adsorption mechanism of Cr (VI) ions than those of Freundlich and Temkin model. The kinetic study has shown that the pseudo-second order equation satisfactorily describes the adsorption mechanism (R² = 0.998 with AC and R² = 0.995 with NC). The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption of Cr (VI) on the two adsorbents is spontaneous, exothermic with NC and endothermic with AC. The desorption study showed that the adsorbent (AC) could be regenerated to 98.32 % after 70 min under agitation at 150 rpm for a concentration of 1.5 M EDTA. The reused adsorbent showed desorption percentages ranging from 98.88 % (after the 1st recycling) to 85.56 % (after the 6th recycling). A very rapid decrease in the desorption of chromium by AC was observed from the 7th cycle of reuse (57.68 %) until the complete loss of this desorption at the 10th cycle (0.12 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the multiple characteristics of microplastics generated from polypropylene bottles","authors":"Rumana Hossain,&nbsp;Ayub Ali,&nbsp;Montajar Sarkar,&nbsp;Veena Sahajwalla","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polypropylene (PP) is widely used for food and beverage storage, yet its propensity to release microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) under routine use conditions remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate MP/NP release from PP infant feeding bottles and water bottles under controlled thermal and mechanical stresses. Using Raman spectroscopy, FE-SEM, high-resolution TEM, and AFM, we identified particles down to ∼ 60 nm, extending the detectable size range beyond most previous studies. Release rates correlated strongly with temperature and frequency of use, ranging from 3.9 × 10⁶ to 10.3 × 10⁶ L^-1 for baby bottles and 5.3 × 10⁶ to 9.1 × 10⁶ L^-1 for water bottles respectively. Particles were predominantly flake-like and irregular, with crystalline–amorphous transitions and multilayer breakdown observed. Baby bottles released more MPs under thermal stress, whereas surface and mechanical stresses predominated in water bottles. These results provide new mechanistic insights into PP degradation pathways and highlight the importance of advanced, multi-modal analytical approaches for future evaluation of nanoscale plastic release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}