Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management最新文献

{"title":"Green conductive paper derived from sago pulp of Southeast Sulawesi based on magnetic nanocomposite of Fe3O4/carbon nanofibers for phenol adsorption","authors":"Alimin Alimin ,&nbsp;Sri Juari Santosa ,&nbsp;Akrajas Ali Umar ,&nbsp;Rahmayanti Rahmayanti ,&nbsp;Alham Alham","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A green conductive magnetic nanocomposite paper that has been synthesized by decorating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄/CNFs) and mixed with sago pulp as phenol adsorbents has been investigated. The paper was synthesized using sago pulp waste from the sago farmer’s community. To produce cellulose paper, Sago pulp was treated mechanically and chemically through dehemicellulose and delignification techniques. Fe₃O₄ was synthesized by ultrasonication of iron sand in NaOH solution (8 M) for 120 min at 70 °C. The nanocomposite of Fe₃O₄/CNFs was prepared by ultrasonication Fe₃O₄ and CNFs in water. The nanocomposite paper was finally prepared by mixing sago’s cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with ultrasonication, followed by solvent casting drying. The phase crystallinity of the paper was evaluated via X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The phenol’s sensing and adsorption kinetic properties over the magnetic paper were examined using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer at a maximum wavelength of 269 nm. The result showed that the phenol was efficiently adsorbed on magnetic paper under an optimum pH of 7 at a contact time of 90 min. The adsorption followed Ho-McKay pseudo-second-order kinetics with adsorption capacity at an equilibrium of 3.15 mg/g. The magnetic and conductive paper of Fe₃O₄/CNFs should be extensively used in the adsorption of phenolic compounds in the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the multiple characteristics of microplastics generated from polypropylene bottles","authors":"Rumana Hossain,&nbsp;Ayub Ali,&nbsp;Montajar Sarkar,&nbsp;Veena Sahajwalla","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polypropylene (PP) is widely used for food and beverage storage, yet its propensity to release microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) under routine use conditions remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate MP/NP release from PP infant feeding bottles and water bottles under controlled thermal and mechanical stresses. Using Raman spectroscopy, FE-SEM, high-resolution TEM, and AFM, we identified particles down to ∼ 60 nm, extending the detectable size range beyond most previous studies. Release rates correlated strongly with temperature and frequency of use, ranging from 3.9 × 10⁶ to 10.3 × 10⁶ L^-1 for baby bottles and 5.3 × 10⁶ to 9.1 × 10⁶ L^-1 for water bottles respectively. Particles were predominantly flake-like and irregular, with crystalline–amorphous transitions and multilayer breakdown observed. Baby bottles released more MPs under thermal stress, whereas surface and mechanical stresses predominated in water bottles. These results provide new mechanistic insights into PP degradation pathways and highlight the importance of advanced, multi-modal analytical approaches for future evaluation of nanoscale plastic release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly sensitive and selective detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in aqueous system using miniaturized Bi2O3/plastic chip electrode based electrochemical sensor","authors":"Km Sapna ,&nbsp;Vartika Sharma ,&nbsp;Kamlendra Awasthi ,&nbsp;Divesh N. Srivastava ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar ,&nbsp;Vaibhav Kulshrestha","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A facile and miniaturized Bi₂O₃/plastic chip electrode (PCE) was designed for concurrent electrochemical identification of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺. The identification was carried out through the potentiostatic electrodeposition of bismuth onto a PCE. The synthesized Bi₂O₃/PCE was analyzed employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to assess their morphology, crystal structure, and elemental composition, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed to explore electrochemical characteristics of synthesized electrodes. Under optimal experimental conditions, Bi₂O₃/PCE demonstrated significant electro-catalytic performance for Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ at lower pH, with augmented square wave-anodic stripping peak currents compared to unmodified PCE. Bi₂O₃/PCE exhibits an exceptionally high sensitivity of 12 μA L cm⁻² μg⁻¹ for Cd²⁺ and 20 μA L cm⁻² μg⁻¹ for Pb²⁺ with low detection limit of 0.09 μg L⁻¹ for Cd²⁺ and 0.07 μg L⁻¹ for Pb²⁺. The developed sensor shows highly reproducible and repeatable performance with an extensive linear range 0.2–––300 μg L⁻¹ for Cd²⁺ and 0.1–––250 μg L⁻¹ for Pb²⁺ and also exhibits good selectivity, even when accompanied by common interfering ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of Nigella sativa-mediated silver nanoparticles for enhanced antibacterial activity and wound healing: Mechanistic insights and biomedical applications","authors":"Chella Perumal Palanisamy ,&nbsp;Sirilux Poompradub ,&nbsp;Kanokwan Sansanaphongpricha ,&nbsp;Selvaraj Jayaraman ,&nbsp;Karthik Subramani ,&nbsp;Faridah Sonsudin","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study demonstrates an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using chloroform extract of <em>Nigella sativa</em> seeds (CENSS) for combating bacterial infections and accelerating wound repair. The work highlights the dual therapeutic potential of CENSS-AgNPs through rigorous physicochemical, biological, and mechanistic analyses. The stable AgNPs was formed because of the transformation of silver ions by the CENSS. These NPs were thoroughly characterized using various physiochemical parameters. The biosynthesized CENSS-AgNPs demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity as indicated by the prominent inhibition areas observed on the agar plates. These are prominent bacteria which play significant roles in both human health and disease. Cytotoxicity assessment on human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) revealed dose-dependent effects, with CENSS-AgNPs demonstrating feasible in wound healing by hastening scratch closure and enhancing cell migration. Furthermore, the protein expression analysis explored that CENSS-AgNPs stimulated the expression levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which are crucial for wound repair. Over all, this study underscores the therapeutic promise of CENSS-mediated AgNPs in combating infections and promoting tissue regeneration, suggesting their prospective utility in advanced wound care and biomedical fields. Further exploration of their biological mechanisms and clinical applications is warranted to harness their full therapeutic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in urban wastewaters of Mexico City","authors":"Samuel Pérez- Rodríguez ,&nbsp;J. Tabla-Hernández ,&nbsp;A.G. Hernández–Ramírez ,&nbsp;S.B. Sujitha ,&nbsp;M.P. Jonathan ,&nbsp;Marco Moreno-Ibarra","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study assessed the contamination of potentially toxic elements (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in urban wastewaters from Mexico City, Mexico, using atomic absorption spectroscopy for risk assessment. A total of thirty-two water samples were systematically collected from the River de los Remedios (n = 17), River Tlalnepantla (n = 4), and River San Javier (n = 11) in the northern part of the metropolitan area. Results showed that average elemental concentrations, in mg L^-1, followed the order: Mn (0.39) &lt; Pb (0.17) &lt; Fe (0.12) &lt; Cu, Ni, Zn (0.06) &lt; Co, Cd (0.02), reflecting the impact of raw industrial and domestic discharges from the highly urbanized region. Concentrations of Pb and Cd surpassed the legal limits of 0.03 and 0.004 mg L^-1, respectively, for wastewater discharge. Statistical analysis of physicochemical parameters and element levels indicated that industrial activities are the main sources of PTEs. The level of pollution was assessed using the heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), contamination factor (CF), and Nemerow pollution index (NPI); results indicated moderate contamination by Pb and overall slight pollution. Human risk assessment calculated for the inhalation and dermal exposure pathways in adults and children indicated that Cd and Pb were the most critical elements that could pose adverse health effects to the local population. Dermal contact was identified as the potential exposure pathway that could pose potential risks to human health. The findings of this study indicate a deteriorating status of the aquatic system in Mexico City, primarily due to the persistent discharge of untreated wastewater, which poses a significant risk to environmental integrity and human health within the urban area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spirogyra derived CuO-NPs with antibacterial, heavy metal adsorption, and photocatalytic dye degradation: A sustainable approach in environmental remediation","authors":"Samriti Guleria ,&nbsp;Aparajita Bhasin ,&nbsp;Prince Chawla ,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar Dhiman ,&nbsp;Prashant Anil Pawase ,&nbsp;Halis Simsek","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current research work focuses on the environmentally friendly synthesis of stable copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) using aqueous extract of <em>Spirogyra</em> species as a natural reducing and capping agent. Copper (II) sulphate (CuSO₄) was used as the precursor, and the concentration of <em>Spirogyra</em> extract was evaluated from 5 % to 30 % (v/v), to identify the optimal condition for nanoparticles synthesis. The formation of CuO-NPs was confirmed using UV–visible spectrophotometry, based on the characteristic of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) within the 200–800 nm range. Moreover, particle size analysis performed through differential scanning calorimetry indicated that nanoparticles synthesized using 20 % Spirogyra extract had an average size of 12.86 nm. Additionally, functional group and structural characterization were performed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. Moreover, thermal analysis of CuO-NPs was performed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the biosynthesized CuO-NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity with inhibition zones of 20.8 mm against <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, 19.95 mm against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, 19.8 mm against <em>Streptococcus lactis</em>, 19.5 mm against <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em>, 19.0 mm against <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em>, and 18.9 mm against <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Additionally, these nanoparticles demonstrated significant adsorptive removal efficiency (80–85 %) of toxic heavy metals, including Pb, As, Hg, and Cd. Photocatalytic performance tests demonstrated excellent degradation efficiencies of methylene blue and crystal violet of 90.31 % and 89.89 %, respectively, under UV irradiation in 80 min. These results indicate the potential use of <em>Spirogyra-assisted</em> CuO-NPs in antimicrobial applications, heavy metal remediation, and photodegradation of synthetic dyes relevant to food safety and environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationale of AgNPsmodified 3-dimensional grapheneas electrochemical sensor for the ultra-tracedetermination of mercury ions","authors":"Prasanta Kumar Sahoo ,&nbsp;Srikant Sahoo ,&nbsp;Rajendra Prasad Pandey ,&nbsp;Ashis Kumar Satpati","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury (Hg) is a globally accepted highly toxic heavy metal pollutant and despite several important developments in the field, the determination of Hg²⁺ ions attrace levels in real-world samples is a challenge. Herein, the silver nanoparticles modified with three-dimensional graphene (AgNPs/3D-graphene) nanocomposite has been synthesised through a simple, cost-efficient, one-step freeze-casting routethat has been applied for highlysensitive determination of Hg²⁺. The 3D cellular network structure with continuous micrometersize open pores and uniformly decorated Ag nanoparticles with an average size of 30 nm has been suggested by the morphologies and structures of the as-prepared AgNPs/3D-Graphene nanocomposite. The AgNPs/3D-graphene nanocomposite-modifiedGCE (AgNPs/3D-graphene/GCE) exhibited a good linear relationship with Hg²⁺ concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 40 μg L⁻¹. The results showed that the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.08 μg L⁻¹ (S/N = 3), which is significantly less than the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended threshold. The method validation has been carried out using certified reference material (CRM). The sensitivity and stability from the composite has been achieved from the well scaffolded AgNPs all along the 3D-graphene network, which has made the method novel and stand out from othere reported. The suggested electrochemical sensor performed well in detecting Hg²⁺ in soil and borewell water samples as well as in clinical samples, which is crucial in safeguarding human health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical approach for the determination of persistent, mobile and toxic substances in environmental soil and water samples","authors":"Victoria Bolos-Sánchez,&nbsp;Sergi Gregorio-Lozano,&nbsp;Lubertus Bijlsma,&nbsp;Elena Pitarch","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reclaimed wastewater reuse for agricultural irrigation is promoted by policymakers to battle water scarcity. But persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) substances are often not effectively removed by current wastewater treatments and may end up in soil, drainage water and even receiving aquatic environment. This work forms a part of a broader project on using contaminated water for irrigation of escarole crops. An analytical methodology based on mixed-mode liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed for the determination of eight PMTs (benzophenone-3, clarithromycin, imazalil, metformin, sulpiride, terbutryn, tiapride and tramadol) in soil and drainage water samples. Moreover, it has been considered of interest to validate the methodology for environmental water <em>i.e.</em>, groundwater and surface water. Soil samples were treated using QuEChERS approach, while water samples were injected directly into the LC-MS/MS system. Isotopically labelled internal standards were used for matrix effect correction and extraction losses. The two methods have been validated satisfactorily (recoveries between 70–120 % and RSD &lt; 20 %). The limits of quantification for all compounds were 5 ng·g⁻¹ and 50 ng·L⁻¹ in soil and water, respectively. Finally, the methodology has been applied to soil and drainage water samples collected from escarole crops irrigated with tap water fortified at 5 μg·L⁻¹. In addition, the methodology was applied to real surface and groundwater samples to demonstrate its applicability. This fully validated methodology is a robust tool for determining the selected PMTs and may provide valuable insights into the environmental fate when performing future irrigation programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zeolites for use in environmentally sustainable sensors for hazardous pesticides: A review on reliability and potential perspectives in nanotechnology","authors":"Ever Estrada-Cabrera ,&nbsp;Alejandra Castro-Carranza ,&nbsp;Jairo C. Nolasco ,&nbsp;Jürgen Gutowski ,&nbsp;Cynthia Armendariz-Arnez","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At present, environmental damage caused by the production and use of hazardous and toxic agrochemicals remains a global concern. These compounds have contributed to the contamination of water, soil, and air worldwide. Their chronic impacts on the environment and human health are still not fully understood and are often difficult to quantify. Accordingly, it is essential to identify and quantify these phytosanitary products in the environment to reduce their occurrence and mitigate cumulative effects. A viable option for their adsorption and detection can be achieved using natural and sustainable raw materials, such as zeolites. In particular, natural zeolites are promising nanostructures for use in functional and sustainable detectors, and they may serve as low-cost adsorbent materials for hazardous agrochemical monitoring. This review compiles reported applications of natural, synthetic, and composite zeolites to improve the understanding of their potential for adsorption, and thus, detection of hazardous pesticides. Information is provided on their characteristics, and factors defining its adsorption properties with the main objective of evaluating their reliability for the development of sustainable electronic sensors. The reported sensor devices developed with natural zeolites, and their detection mechanisms are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, sources, and controlling factors of emerging organic pollutants in a freshwater lake system in the NW Himalayas","authors":"Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;Mehta Bulbul ,&nbsp;Diptimayee Behera ,&nbsp;Arshid Jehangir ,&nbsp;Ambili Anoop","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence, sources, and spatial distribution of phthalate esters (PAEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and faecal stanols were simultaneously investigated in surface sediments from Manasbal Lake, NW Himalayas. The concentrations of Σ₄PAEs ranged from 9.08 μg/g to 194.42 μg/g, while Σ₁₆PAHs varied from non-detectable (n.d.) to 250.1 μg/g. Sewage markers such as coprostanol and epi-coprostanol were detected, with concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.4 µg/g (mean = 0.17 µg/g) and 0.05 to 1.18 µg/g (mean = 0.26 µg/g), respectively, indicating significant faecal pollution. Detected PAEs included diethyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate isomers, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The primary sources of PAEs in the sediments were domestic waste from nearby villages, garbage disposal from residential areas, and built-up regions. Three-factor modeling using positive matrix factorization identified fuel combustion as the most significant source of PAHs, contributing 40.4 % of the pollution, followed by biomass combustion, which accounted for approximately 33.1 %. The highest concentrations of Σ₁₆PAEs, Σ₄PAEs, and stanols compounds were observed in the eastern part near the inlet, suggesting that their distribution is strongly influenced by proximity to pollution sources. Conversely, there was no significant relationship between these organic contaminants and sediment characteristics (grain size and TOC content) or water depth. The significant correlation between Σ₄PAEs and microplastic abundance indicates that PAEs can serve as effective markers for identifying plastic pollution in sediments. This study enhances the baseline characterization of emerging contaminants in Himalayan freshwater systems and contributes to a better understanding of the potential sources and controls on their distribution in aquatic systems globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}