Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management最新文献

{"title":"Novel Z-scheme BiOCl/g-C3N4 nanocomposite for high performance photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and charge carrier dynamics","authors":"Orawan Rojviroon ,&nbsp;Gomathi Abimannan ,&nbsp;Priyadharsan Arumugam ,&nbsp;Maadeswaran Palanisamy ,&nbsp;Ranjith Rajendran ,&nbsp;Govarthini Ramasamy ,&nbsp;Sanya Sirivithayapakorn ,&nbsp;Natacha Phetyim ,&nbsp;Thammasak Rojviroon","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research work, Z scheme BiOCl/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was synthesized through hydrothermal process and combined with thermal decomposition method. Numerous characterization techniques were utilized to examine the phase structure, functional groups, morphology, elemental composition, electronic structure and optical behaviour of as synthesized materials. The boosted light absorption capability of BiOCl/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite which is accredited to the synergetic interaction between the BiOCl and g-C₃N₄ materials. The photocatalytic degradation efficacy of BiOCl/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite over Rhodamine B (RhB) textile pollutant was exhibited 97 % within 100 min which is higher than the pristine BiOCl material. It’s caused by the active separation, allocation of electrons and holes and reduce the recombination. Five successive recycle process proved the stability and reusability of the material. Finally, This work demonstrates an enriched Z scheme BiOCl/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite will deliver the impression of construct the Z scheme heterojunction photocatalyst to augment the photocatalytic activity in the occurrence of visible light.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying silver and gold nanoparticles in water via carbazole fluorescence quenching: A simple and economical approach","authors":"Rodrigo Nicolás Núñez ,&nbsp;Alicia Viviana Veglia ,&nbsp;Natalia Lorena Pacioni","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fluorescence quenching of carbazole and carbazole@2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex was evaluated in water as an analytical strategy for the quantification of six different silver and gold nanoparticles with either gallic acid, citrate, or p-(2-hydroxyethoxy) benzoic acid as ligands. The free carbazole is more sensitive to the analyzed metal nanoparticles with detection limits in the picomolar level (e.g., 0.106 pM for citrate-stabilized silver nanorods (AgNR) and 34.5 pM for citrate-stabilized silver nanospheres (AgNP_c)) compared to the cyclodextrin-complexed carbazole (e.g., 0.200 pM for AgNR to insensitive for AgNP_c). The recovery assays in spiked tap water and surface river water for all the analyzed nanoparticles were between 90 % and 112 % with 95 % confidence. The proposed method is an excellent alternative to more sophisticated methodologies for accurately quantifying silver and gold nanoparticles in aqueous systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of Nigella sativa-mediated silver nanoparticles for enhanced antibacterial activity and wound healing: Mechanistic insights and biomedical applications","authors":"Chella Perumal Palanisamy ,&nbsp;Sirilux Poompradub ,&nbsp;Kanokwan Sansanaphongpricha ,&nbsp;Selvaraj Jayaraman ,&nbsp;Karthik Subramani ,&nbsp;Faridah Sonsudin","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study demonstrates an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using chloroform extract of <em>Nigella sativa</em> seeds (CENSS) for combating bacterial infections and accelerating wound repair. The work highlights the dual therapeutic potential of CENSS-AgNPs through rigorous physicochemical, biological, and mechanistic analyses. The stable AgNPs was formed because of the transformation of silver ions by the CENSS. These NPs were thoroughly characterized using various physiochemical parameters. The biosynthesized CENSS-AgNPs demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity as indicated by the prominent inhibition areas observed on the agar plates. These are prominent bacteria which play significant roles in both human health and disease. Cytotoxicity assessment on human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) revealed dose-dependent effects, with CENSS-AgNPs demonstrating feasible in wound healing by hastening scratch closure and enhancing cell migration. Furthermore, the protein expression analysis explored that CENSS-AgNPs stimulated the expression levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which are crucial for wound repair. Over all, this study underscores the therapeutic promise of CENSS-mediated AgNPs in combating infections and promoting tissue regeneration, suggesting their prospective utility in advanced wound care and biomedical fields. Further exploration of their biological mechanisms and clinical applications is warranted to harness their full therapeutic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"rGO/Carbon composite-based electrocatalytic electrodes for efficient nitrate adsorption and reduction − current challenges and future perspective","authors":"Krishnan Vancheeswaran Prasad ,&nbsp;Rachel Angeline Lenin ,&nbsp;Mohanraj Kumar ,&nbsp;Jih-Hsing Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The summary of this review paper addresses the pressing issue of nitrate contamination in water sources, increasing concern primarily due to agricultural runoff and industrial waste. Elevated nitrate levels pose significant risks to both human health, such as methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome), and aquatic ecosystems through processes like eutrophication. The paper examines the potential of carbon composite-based electrocatalytic electrodes, particularly those incorporating reduced graphene oxide (rGO), for effectively removing nitrates from contaminated water. The review uniquely contributes by analyzing nitrate reduction mechanisms, rGO’s catalytic role, electrode fabrication challenges, operational stability, pilot-scale implementation, and pathways for industrial adoption of rGO-based electrocatalysts. The high surface area of these materials makes them interesting, have superior conductivity, and excellent catalytic properties, which enhance their ability to adsorb and reduce nitrate ions. It demonstrates how major advancements in carbon composites have improved the effectiveness and selectivity of nitrate reduction, demonstrating their potential for real-world applications. However, challenges remain, particularly about scalability, the durability of the materials, and the unwanted production of by-products like ammonia during the reduction process. The further research is necessary to overcome these challenges by focusing on the development of more stable, scalable, and cost-effective materials. Reducing harmful by-products will also be essential for practical industrial applications. Advancements in this field will contribute to sustainable water treatment and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal, which focuses on clean water and sanitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimony retention and transformation: a novel approach using microfluidics and hydrogel, biocomposite nanomagnetite aggregates","authors":"Evgenia-Maria Papaslioti ,&nbsp;Hervé Tabuteau ,&nbsp;Julien Farasin ,&nbsp;Delphine Vantelon ,&nbsp;Valerie Magnin ,&nbsp;Laurent Charlet","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimony (Sb) is a redox sensitive metalloid increasingly recognized as an emerging contaminant of global concern due to its toxicity and widespread occurrence in natural and anthropogenically impacted water systems. It is commonly found in both drinking and wastewater, where it poses potential risks to human health. Magnetite nanoparticles, known as active retention agents for redox-sensitive contaminants, are combined here with polymeric matrices to ease their application in water treatment systems and to enhance their stability, dispersibility, and sorption efficiency. In this study, we assess Sb retention using hydrogel-nanomagnetite aggregates, with and without chitosan coating, under flow-through microfluidic conditions that mimic natural and engineered aquatic environments. Advanced synchrotron-based μ-XRF mapping and μ-XANES spectroscopy were employed for the first time to such integrated system to simultaneously resolve the spatial distribution and oxidation state of sorbed Sb. Antimonate immobilization followed two distinct, input concentration-dependent pathways: (i) reduction to Sb(III), forming stable inner-sphere Fe–O–Sb complexes, or (ii) adsorption via electrostatic and complexation mechanisms. At low Sb(V) concentrations reduction is favored in chitosan-free aggregates, enabling homogeneous Sb(III) diffusion through the media. At higher concentrations, and particularly in chitosan-coated systems, Sb(V) is immobilized predominantly via adsorption, accumulating on the rim of the aggregates. Chitosan enhances Sb(V) sorption by providing positively charged functional groups and, along with pH and Sb input concentration, controls Sb sorption processes. These findings deepen the understanding of Sb retention mechanisms through redox and sorption interactions in polymer-supported magnetite systems, as revealed using microfluidics technology, and provide a new foundation for the development of advanced water treatment technologies with international relevance for mitigating redox-sensitive contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel insights into the presence and risks of phthalate esters in the Citarum River, Indonesia: Seasonal variations","authors":"Diana Rahayuning Wulan ,&nbsp;Nurul Fahimah ,&nbsp;Mariska Margaret Pitoi ,&nbsp;Raden Tina Rosmalina ,&nbsp;Muammar Qadafi ,&nbsp;Hanny Meirinawati ,&nbsp;Wulan Ayu Ningsih","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the occurrence and risks of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in the Citarum River across 11 sampling sites during rainy and dry seasons. The average total concentration of PAEs was higher in the rainy season (79.18 ± 50.51 µg/L) than in the dry season (1.67 ± 0.71 µg/L). Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were detected only during the rainy season with concentration ranges of not detected (ND) - 7.284, 7.135 - 55.674, and ND - 20.713 µg/L, respectively. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was present in both seasons, with an increase from ND - 2.758 µg/L (dry season) to 9.681 - 160.245 µg/L (rainy season), contributing to elevated levels of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (Estradiol Equivalent Concentration (EEQ) &gt; 0.002 µg/L). Ecological risks were low during the dry season but rose to high levels in the rainy season (risk quotient (RQ) &gt; 1), driven by DBP and DEP exposure. Health risk assessments showed non-carcinogenic risks (target hazard quotient (THQ) &lt; 1) for consuming <em>Tilapia</em> sp. and Common carp at most sites, except one upstream location during the rainy season, where toddlers were at risk. DBP was the main contributor to these risks, accounting for 80.85% in <em>Tilapia</em> sp. and 89.05% in Common carp. DEHP-associated cancer risks were absent in the dry season but appeared at one location during the rainy season. The findings highlight the urgent need to address PAEs pollution in the Citarum River through source control, monitoring in water compartments, and establishing regulatory limits for PAEs in wastewater and surface waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cobalt iron oxide nanorods with multi functions: solvothermal synthesis and characterizations as potent antimicrobial agent and photocatalyst","authors":"Bushra Uzair ,&nbsp;Zukhra Abbasi ,&nbsp;Basma Gul ,&nbsp;Zulqurnain Ali ,&nbsp;Khuram Shahzad ,&nbsp;Sadaf Mushtaq ,&nbsp;Farid Menaa","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating concerns over microbial infections and environmental pollution necessitate the exploration of advanced materials that can effectively address both issues. In this research paper, the microwave-assisted solvothermal method was used to synthesize multifunctional hybrid materials based on cobalt-iron oxide (CoFe2O4) nanorods. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyze the physicochemical properties of the nanomaterial. SEM analysis revealed rod-shaped crystals with an average particle size of 40 nm, while XRD confirmed crystalline nature of cobalt-iron oxide nanoparticles (CIO NRs). The prepared CIO nanorods showed promising antibacterial activity (p &lt; 0.0001) against MDR <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, exhibiting a notable zone of inhibition measuring 25 mm. Furthermore, they displayed significant (p &lt; 0.001) antifungal properties inhibiting the growth of <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> (18 mm), <em>Aspergillus niger</em> (23 mm) and <em>Candida albicans</em> (25 mm). Moreover, the CoFe2O4 nanorods inhibited 90 % biofilm formation by <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> on human teeth, highlighting their potential utility in clinical contexts. Furthermore, CoFe2O4 NRs demonstrated significant efficacy in degrading methylene blue (MB) 96 %, malachite green (MG) 95 %, and methyl orange (MO) 98 % dyes under sunlight irradiation conditions. Together, these findings emphasize the versatility of CIONRs that could add significant value to their applicability in medicine as a solution for diverse microbial infections and water treatment technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles at room temperature for chlorpyrifos-methyl detection in water samples","authors":"Ángela Yanina Aguilera ,&nbsp;Yasmin Safe ,&nbsp;Sára Doubravská ,&nbsp;Valeria Springer","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a facile synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is achieved through an environmentally friendly method in less than 2 min, using ascorbic acid and pentetic acid as reducing and stabilizing agents, under alkaline conditions at room temperature. The effects of the main experimental parameters on the synthesis performance were analyzed using response surface methodology. The obtained particles, spherical in shape and with average size of 9.2 nm, were tested as sensor for determination of chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPM), an organophosphate insecticide widely used in agriculture practices and households, which represent a major concern for the environment and human health. CPM was determined through the changes on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band of AuNPs at 527 nm. Under optimal conditions, the method was evaluated in the concentration range between 5.00 and 40.0 μg L^-1, with R² &gt; 0.98, limit of detection of 3.79 µg L^-1 and RSD values lower than 6.5 %. The applicability of this methodology for the analysis of real samples, including river water and well water, was tested with satisfactory recovery values (84.0–––98.8 %). Besides, the practicality and functionality of the proposed method were assessed by the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), a new metric tool developed in 2023, with an outstanding performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution by Electric Arc Furnace Dust as High-Performance and Cost-Effective Adsorbent","authors":"Zeinab Purzal ,&nbsp;Mehdi Alizadeh ,&nbsp;Farnaz Heidari Laybidi ,&nbsp;Mohsen Alizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the processing of Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD), a hazardous steelmaking by-product, for the efficient adsorption of phosphate ions from agricultural wastewater. To detoxify EAFD and enhance its adsorption performance, three washing methods hot water, alkaline NaOH, and acetic acid leaching were compared, with acetic acid proving the most effective in removing heavy metals such as lead. Comprehensive characterizations including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), vibrating sample manetometer (VSM) and elemental concentration analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) confirmed the formation of favorable surface functional groups, nanoscale particle size (∼233 nm), and magnetic properties facilitating easy separation. Adsorption experiments were conducted under varying pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and contact time, achieving a maximum phosphate removal efficiency of ∼ 90 % from 500 mg/L solutions at pH 2. The adsorption mechanism was attributed to electrostatic interactions between phosphate ions and positively charged sites on the EAFD surface. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic, while kinetic modeling indicated a good fit with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms (R² &gt; 0.99). After adsorption, SEM-EDS and FTIR analyses confirmed phosphate capture and surface modifications. These results demonstrate that processed EAFD, due to its magnetic recyclability, low cost, and high adsorption capacity, can serve as an effective and sustainable adsorbent for phosphate removal, offering a promising solution for wastewater treatment and valorization of industrial waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous LC-MS/MS determination of multi-class emerging contaminants in an orange plant system","authors":"Mahdiyeh Otoukesh,&nbsp;Claudia Simarro-Gimeno,&nbsp;Félix Hernández,&nbsp;Elena Pitarch","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As freshwater supplies decline, agriculture is turning to alternative sources like recycled wastewater for irrigation. However, treated wastewater may still contain organic micropollutants (OMPs), which can contaminate soil, be absorbed by crops, and enter the food chain. This raises the need for analytical methods to reliable identify and quantify OMPs in vegetable and soil matrices at low concentrations. Additionally, advanced wastewater treatment methods are necessary to minimize OMPs in effluents from conventional wastewater treatment plants.</div><div>This study, part of a broader project on recycled wastewater for irrigating orange fields, focused on developing a modified QuEChERS method to determine 18 pesticides and 15 pharmaceuticals in soil, orange leaves and fruits. Compounds were quantified using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole. The methods were validated at two fortification levels (1–5 and 10–50 ng g⁻¹). Matrix effects were evaluated, showing a minimal impact in soil, but significant effects (&gt; 20 %) in oranges and leaves, requiring matrix-matched calibration and/or isotopically labeled internal standards for accurate correction. The recoveries for most compounds were within 70–120 %, with relative standard deviations under 20 %, and limits of quantification ranged 1–5 ng g⁻¹.</div><div>In real samples, the insecticide acetamiprid was the most bioaccumulated contaminant, exceeding 20 ng g⁻¹ in leaves. Eleven pesticides were detected at concentrations below the limit of quantification, and the pharmaceutical atorvastatin was found in a soil sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}