Jesús Delgado-de la Mora, Peter Grube-Pagola, Christopher D. Paddock, Marlene DeLeon-Carnes, Alvaro C. Laga, Isaac H. Solomon, José María Remes-Troche, Jesús Javier Baquera-Heredia, Gabriel Quintero-Bustos, Juan Carlos León-Contreras, Arturo Ángeles-Ángeles, Braulio Martínez-Benítez
{"title":"Tropheryma whipplei Infections, Mexico, 2019–2021","authors":"Jesús Delgado-de la Mora, Peter Grube-Pagola, Christopher D. Paddock, Marlene DeLeon-Carnes, Alvaro C. Laga, Isaac H. Solomon, José María Remes-Troche, Jesús Javier Baquera-Heredia, Gabriel Quintero-Bustos, Juan Carlos León-Contreras, Arturo Ángeles-Ángeles, Braulio Martínez-Benítez","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.241046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.241046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Whipple’s disease is rarely diagnosed in Latin America. We describe 2 patients with <em>Tropheryma whipplei</em> infection diagnosed in Mexico during 2019–2021. Diagnoses were confirmed by histopathology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and DNA amplification and sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Clinicians should be aware of <em>T. whipplei</em> infection and associated syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João Nobrega de Almeida, Amanda R. dos Santos, Mario Roberto de S. Trindade, Jeremy A. W. Gold, Fernanda P.M. Razo, Sarah S. Gonçalves, Erick G. Dorlass, Renato de Mello Ruiz, Jacyr Pasternak, Cristovão L.P. Mangueira, Silke Uhrlaß, Pietro Nenoff, Shyam B. Verma, André M. Doi, Marines D.V. Martino
{"title":"Trichophyton indotineae Infection, São Paulo, Brazil, 2024","authors":"João Nobrega de Almeida, Amanda R. dos Santos, Mario Roberto de S. Trindade, Jeremy A. W. Gold, Fernanda P.M. Razo, Sarah S. Gonçalves, Erick G. Dorlass, Renato de Mello Ruiz, Jacyr Pasternak, Cristovão L.P. Mangueira, Silke Uhrlaß, Pietro Nenoff, Shyam B. Verma, André M. Doi, Marines D.V. Martino","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.250048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.250048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report an extensive, terbinafine-resistant (squalene epoxidase F397L mutation) <em>Trichophyton indotineae</em> infection in a previously healthy businessman from São Paulo, Brazil. The patient had previously traveled to France, Spain, and the United States. Clinician awareness, laboratory testing capacity, and surveillance are essential to prevent <em>T. indotineae</em> spread and inform healthcare practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard A. Bowen, Airn E. Hartwig, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth, Josilene N. Seixas, Jana M. Ritter, Pamela S. Fair, Mindy G. Elrod, Zachary P. Weiner, Robyn A. Stoddard, Antonio R. Vieira, Rachel M. Maison, Elizabeth Lawrence, Hannah Sueper, Mckinzee Barker, William A. Bower
{"title":"Postexposure Antimicrobial Drug Therapy in Goats Infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei","authors":"Richard A. Bowen, Airn E. Hartwig, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth, Josilene N. Seixas, Jana M. Ritter, Pamela S. Fair, Mindy G. Elrod, Zachary P. Weiner, Robyn A. Stoddard, Antonio R. Vieira, Rachel M. Maison, Elizabeth Lawrence, Hannah Sueper, Mckinzee Barker, William A. Bower","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.241274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.241274","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Infection with <em>Burkholderia pseudomallei</em>, the causative agent of melioidosis, occurs by exposure to the organism in soil or water. There is concern for <em>B. pseudomallei</em> use as a potential bioweapon and as an exposure hazard in diagnostic laboratories processing samples or cultures containing the bacterium. The optimal strategies for treatment and postexposure prophylaxis are inadequately developed. This study used goats to evaluate 3 antimicrobial drug treatment regimens for postexposure therapy because they are a species naturally susceptible to <em>B. pseudomallei</em> infection. Goats were infected by percutaneous inoculation, and antimicrobial drug therapies were initiated 48 hours later. Widespread infection with abscess formation in multiple organs developed in untreated goats and goats treated with either amoxicillin/clavulanate or sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. In contrast, treatment with the combination of all 4 antimicrobial drugs might have eradicated the infection. Our findings suggest combination therapy with those 4 antimicrobial drugs may be useful for postexposure prophylaxis in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherina Alicia Vizcaychipi, María Cecilia López-Joffre, Mónica Martínez, Jerson Andrés Cuéllar-Sáenz, Marina Ramos, Celeste Agüero, Natalia Olsina, Emanuel Grassi, Esteban Couto, Jorge Mendoza, Carolina Melchior do Prado, Jorge Pablo Castillo, Mabel D. Giménez, Karen E. DeMatteo, Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez, Mariana Viale, Adriana Toranzo, Cristina Elena Canteros
{"title":"Emergence of Feline Sporotrichosis near Brazil Border, Argentina, 2023–2024","authors":"Katherina Alicia Vizcaychipi, María Cecilia López-Joffre, Mónica Martínez, Jerson Andrés Cuéllar-Sáenz, Marina Ramos, Celeste Agüero, Natalia Olsina, Emanuel Grassi, Esteban Couto, Jorge Mendoza, Carolina Melchior do Prado, Jorge Pablo Castillo, Mabel D. Giménez, Karen E. DeMatteo, Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez, Mariana Viale, Adriana Toranzo, Cristina Elena Canteros","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.241882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.241882","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We describe a large urban outbreak of feline sporotrichosis caused by <em>Sporothrix brasiliensis</em> fungi in Argentina. Over a 7-month period in Puerto Iguazú, which borders Brazil, we identified culture-proven sporotrichosis in 9 cases across 7 households. Public health officials should coordinate cross-border One Health actions and institute context-specific interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduard Grebe, Daniel Chacreton, Mars Stone, Bryan R. Spencer, James Haynes, Akintunde Akinseye, Marion C. Lanteri, Valerie Green, Hasan Sulaeman, Roberta Bruhn, Vivian I. Avelino-Silva, Paul Contestable, Brad J. Biggerstaff, Melissa M. Coughlin, Brian Custer, Jefferson M. Jones, David Wright, Michael P. Busch
{"title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections Using Nucleocapsid Antibody Boosting","authors":"Eduard Grebe, Daniel Chacreton, Mars Stone, Bryan R. Spencer, James Haynes, Akintunde Akinseye, Marion C. Lanteri, Valerie Green, Hasan Sulaeman, Roberta Bruhn, Vivian I. Avelino-Silva, Paul Contestable, Brad J. Biggerstaff, Melissa M. Coughlin, Brian Custer, Jefferson M. Jones, David Wright, Michael P. Busch","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.250021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.250021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>More than 85% of US adults had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 by the end of 2023. Continued serosurveillance of transmission and assessments of correlates of protection require robust detection of reinfections. We developed a serologic method for identifying reinfections in longitudinal blood donor data by assessing nucleocapsid (N) antibody boosting using a total immunoglobulin assay. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded an optimal ratio of <span>></span>1.43 (sensitivity 87.1%, specificity 96.0%). When prioritizing specificity, a ratio of <span>></span>2.33 was optimal (sensitivity 75.3%, specificity 99.3%). In donors with higher anti-N reactivity levels before reinfection, sensitivity was reduced. Sensitivity could be improved by expanding the dynamic range of the assay through dilutional testing, from 38.8% to 66.7% in the highest reactivity group (signal-to-cutoff ratio before reinfection >150). This study demonstrated that longitudinal testing for N antibodies can be used to identify reinfections and estimate total infection incidence in a blood donor cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ansgar Deibel, Yanick Kindler, Rubens Mita, Soleen Ghafoor, Cordula Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Barbara Brunner-Geissmann, Alexander Schweiger, Felix Grimm, Michael Reinehr, Achim Weber, Cäcilia S. Reiner, Andreas E. Kremer, Henrik Petrowsky, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Peter Deplazes, Stefanie von Felten, Beat Müllhaupt
{"title":"Comprehensive Survival Analysis of Alveolar Echinococcosis Patients, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 1973–2022","authors":"Ansgar Deibel, Yanick Kindler, Rubens Mita, Soleen Ghafoor, Cordula Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Barbara Brunner-Geissmann, Alexander Schweiger, Felix Grimm, Michael Reinehr, Achim Weber, Cäcilia S. Reiner, Andreas E. Kremer, Henrik Petrowsky, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Peter Deplazes, Stefanie von Felten, Beat Müllhaupt","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.241608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.241608","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic disease of increasing concern worldwide. Before benzimidazole drug therapy, 10-year death rates were 90% without surgical resection. In unresectable patients, long-term benzimidazole therapy is highly effective in stabilizing the disease course. We performed a retrospective study of 334 AE patients treated at the University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, during 1973–2022. Annual diagnoses increased over time, and more cases were detected by chance at earlier stages. Ninety patients died, mostly from causes unrelated to AE. Relative survival of AE patients compared with the population of Switzerland demonstrated a steady decrease 5 years after diagnosis. Patient age at diagnosis was the primary variable associated with overall survival. In a propensity-score matched survival analysis, early curative surgery was associated with overall improvement but not AE-specific survival. We conclude that survival of patients with AE is limited by non-AE causes and that early curative surgery does not improve AE-specific survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nissrine Abou-Chakra, Karen Marie Thyssen Astvad, Jan Martinussen, Amalie Sofie Eilsø Munksgaard, Maiken Cavling Arendrup
{"title":"Exponential Clonal Expansion of 5-Fluorocytosine–Resistant Candida tropicalis and New Insights into Underlying Molecular Mechanisms","authors":"Nissrine Abou-Chakra, Karen Marie Thyssen Astvad, Jan Martinussen, Amalie Sofie Eilsø Munksgaard, Maiken Cavling Arendrup","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.241910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.241910","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2022, we initiated systematic 5-fluorocytosine susceptibility testing of <em>Candida</em> spp. isolates in Denmark; we observed a bimodal MIC distribution in <em>C. tropicalis</em>, with MICs <span>></span>16 mg/L in half the isolates. This study investigates the epidemiology and molecular mechanisms of 5-fluorocytosine resistance in <em>C. tropicalis</em>. We analyzed 104 <em>C. tropicalis</em> isolates from 3 time periods, alongside 353 <em>C. albicans</em> and 227 <em>C. glabrata</em> isolates from 2022. We determined MICs using EUCAST E.Def 7.3. Sequencing of <em>FCY2</em> (purine-cytosine permease), <em>FCY1</em> (cytosine deaminase), <em>FUR1</em> (uracil phosphoribosyl transferase), and <em>URA3</em> (orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase) genes revealed FCY2 alterations—E49X (30/32), Q7X (1/32), and K6NfsX10 (1/32)—in resistant <em>C. tropicalis</em> strains. We found a URA3 alteration, K177E, in both susceptible and resistant strains. Microsatellite genotyping showed that all <em>C. tropicalis</em> isolates with E49X were clonally related. The marked increase in resistance, driven by the clonal spread of E49X, necessitates further research into virulence and environmental factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angus M. O’Ferrall, Sekeleghe A. Kayuni, Lucas J. Cunningham, Peter Makaula, John Archer, Adam P. Roberts, Janelisa Musaya, J. Russell Stothard
{"title":"Unexpected Zoonotic and Hybrid Schistosome Egg Excretion Patterns, Malawi, 2024","authors":"Angus M. O’Ferrall, Sekeleghe A. Kayuni, Lucas J. Cunningham, Peter Makaula, John Archer, Adam P. Roberts, Janelisa Musaya, J. Russell Stothard","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.241757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.241757","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two exemplary cases of mixed urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis in Malawi show hybridizations of <em>Schistosoma mattheei</em> with <em>S. haematobium</em> and <em>S. mansoni</em>, indicating newly emerging genetic diversity. Complex egg excretion patterns in feces expose current diagnostic gaps and alert to future sampling needs for effective surveillance of zoonotic schistosomiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovana Santos Caleiro, Ingra M. Claro, Xinyi Hua, Giovana V. Basile, Karolina M.B. Nuevo, Charlys A. da Costa, Rosa M. Tubaki, Regiane M.T. de Menezes, Sirle A.S. Scandar, Lilian A.R. Colebrusco, Emerson L.L. Araújo, William M. de Souza, Ester C. Sabino, Nuno R. Faria, Mariana Sequetin Cunha
{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2016–2018","authors":"Giovana Santos Caleiro, Ingra M. Claro, Xinyi Hua, Giovana V. Basile, Karolina M.B. Nuevo, Charlys A. da Costa, Rosa M. Tubaki, Regiane M.T. de Menezes, Sirle A.S. Scandar, Lilian A.R. Colebrusco, Emerson L.L. Araújo, William M. de Souza, Ester C. Sabino, Nuno R. Faria, Mariana Sequetin Cunha","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.250158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.250158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We detected St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) in 0.16% (3/3,375) of <em>Aedes</em> and <em>Sabethes</em> spp. mosquitoes captured during 2016–2018 in São Paulo State, Brazil. We also isolated and confirmed that the SLEV strains belong to genotype III. Continued surveillance is required to clarify the burden of SLEV in Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Todd E. Katzner, Ashleigh V. Blackford, Mary Donahue, Samantha E.J. Gibbs, Julianna Lenoch, Michael Martin, Tonie E. Rocke, J. Jeffrey Root, Darrel Styles, Sunny Cooper, Kristin Dean, Zachary Dvornicky-Raymond, Dominique Keller, Carlos Sanchez, Brett Dunlap, Thomas Grier, Michael P. Jones, Gregory Nitzel, Erin Patrick, Maureen Purcell, Aaron J. Specht, David L. Suarez
{"title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of Poultry Vaccine for Protecting Critically Endangered Avian Species against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, United States","authors":"Todd E. Katzner, Ashleigh V. Blackford, Mary Donahue, Samantha E.J. Gibbs, Julianna Lenoch, Michael Martin, Tonie E. Rocke, J. Jeffrey Root, Darrel Styles, Sunny Cooper, Kristin Dean, Zachary Dvornicky-Raymond, Dominique Keller, Carlos Sanchez, Brett Dunlap, Thomas Grier, Michael P. Jones, Gregory Nitzel, Erin Patrick, Maureen Purcell, Aaron J. Specht, David L. Suarez","doi":"10.3201/eid3106.241558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3106.241558","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2023, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza occurred among critically endangered California condors (<em>Gymnogyps californianus</em>), and <span>></span>21 died. We evaluated safety, immunogenicity, vaccination strategies, and correlates of antibody response of an influenza vaccine for poultry in black vultures (<em>Coragyps atratus</em>) and then California condors. We noted differences in antibody titers between vaccinated and unvaccinated birds (vultures p<span><</span>0.004; condors p<span><</span>0.02) but no adverse effects of vaccination. All vaccinated vultures and 80% of vaccinated condors showed maximum measured antibody response within the published range associated with survival of vaccinated and virally challenged chickens. We noted weak evidence of higher antibody responses for birds given two 0.5-mL vaccines versus those given one 1-mL vaccine but no correlation between antibody titers and sex for either species or between antibody titers and bone lead concentrations in vultures. Our results prompted initiation of a vaccination program for condors that could reduce spread of this disease among highly threatened species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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