Syriam Sooksawasdi Na Ayudhya,Lonneke Leijten,Willemijn F Rijnink,Monique I Spronken,Thijs Kuiken,Lisa Bauer,Debby van Riel
{"title":"Attachment Patterns of Avian Influenza H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Respiratory Tracts of Marine Mammals, North Atlantic Ocean.","authors":"Syriam Sooksawasdi Na Ayudhya,Lonneke Leijten,Willemijn F Rijnink,Monique I Spronken,Thijs Kuiken,Lisa Bauer,Debby van Riel","doi":"10.3201/eid3109.250499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3109.250499","url":null,"abstract":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infections have caused substantial mortality events in marine mammals in recent years. We hypothesized that the high number of infections and disease severity could be related to cell tropism in respiratory tracts. Therefore, we examined the attachment pattern of an H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus (H52022) as a measure for cell tropism in the respiratory tracts of harbor seals, gray seals, harbor porpoises, and bottlenose dolphins and compared it with an H5N1 clade 2.1.3.2 virus (H52005) and a human seasonal H3N2 virus using virus histochemistry. Both H5 viruses attached abundantly to olfactory and respiratory mucosa in the upper respiratory tract of both seal species. H52022 attached more abundantly than H52005 to epithelial cells in the lower respiratory tract of all species. The observed attachment possibly explains the susceptibility of marine mammal species for recent H5N1 viruses and the observed development of severe disease.","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaneide Daciane Pedí,Denise Lopes Porto,Wagner de Jesus Martins,Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França
{"title":"Epidemiology of Chikungunya Hospitalizations, Brazil, 2014-2024.","authors":"Vaneide Daciane Pedí,Denise Lopes Porto,Wagner de Jesus Martins,Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França","doi":"10.3201/eid3109.250554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3109.250554","url":null,"abstract":"We describe 7,421 chikungunya hospitalizations in Brazil covered by the country's unified health system during 2014-2024. Most (43.2%) hospitalizations occurred in 2016 and 2017, reaching 0.72 (95% CI 0.69-0.76) hospitalizations/100,000 population in 2016. Hospitalizations were more frequent among persons who were female (55.8%), identifying as brown or black (63.5%), and 1-19 years of age (31.4%). Intensive care unit admissions occurred in 1.4% of cases, predominantly among children <5 and adults >85 years of age. The overall in-hospital case-fatality rate was 1.1%, which increased substantially with age, reaching 11.5% among patients >90 years of age and 14.1% among men 85-89 years of age. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit had a case-fatality rate of 21.1%. The total cost of chikungunya hospitalizations was US $560,746 (US $76.26 per patient). Our findings provide insights for surveillance of the most severe chikungunya cases.","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dougbeh Chris Nyan, Irina Maljkovic Berry, Bode I. Shobayo, Monika Mehta, Gabriella Worwa, Shawn Hirsch, Sarah E. Klim, Fahn Taweh, Kalilu S. Donzo, B.M. Freeman, Alberta B. Corvah, Francis Jaryan, Julius S.M. Gilayeneh, Ian Crozier, Courtney Renken, Laura McNay, J. Soka Moses, Jens H. Kuhn, Lisa E. Hensley, Sara E. Zufan
{"title":"Monkeypox Virus Clade IIa Infections, Liberia, 2023–2024","authors":"Dougbeh Chris Nyan, Irina Maljkovic Berry, Bode I. Shobayo, Monika Mehta, Gabriella Worwa, Shawn Hirsch, Sarah E. Klim, Fahn Taweh, Kalilu S. Donzo, B.M. Freeman, Alberta B. Corvah, Francis Jaryan, Julius S.M. Gilayeneh, Ian Crozier, Courtney Renken, Laura McNay, J. Soka Moses, Jens H. Kuhn, Lisa E. Hensley, Sara E. Zufan","doi":"10.3201/eid3109.250271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3109.250271","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We performed monkeypox virus genome sequencing on clinical samples from Liberia, yielding 5 clade IIa genomes. Our analysis found no evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission, suggesting independent zoonotic spillovers from a diverse viral lineage. Public health officials should continue monitoring and sequencing efforts to identify emerging monkeypox virus lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"726 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144778514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CYP2D6 Genotype and Primaquine Treatment in Patients with Malaria, Venezuela","authors":"César Pacheco, Adán Hernández-Acosta, Narviz Pulido, Yvanna Ceballos, Daniel Saavedra, Cruz Gómez, Nancy Moreno, Flor Herrera","doi":"10.3201/eid3109.250316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3109.250316","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We determined CYP2D6*4 and CYP2D6* genotypes and metabolizer phenotypes in 96 patients with suspected malaria in Venezuela and found intermediate or poor metabolizer phenotypes in ≈25% of cases. Nine of 44 malaria patients had <em>Plasmodium vivax</em> recurrence. Public health authorities should evaluate the benefits of increasing total doses of primaquine for treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144778515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kauser Jabeen,Joveria Farooqi,Lacy M Simons,Judd F Hultquist,Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo,Charlesnika T Evans,Erica M Hartmann,Mohammad Hanif,Zahra Hasan,Syed Faisal Mahmood,Javaria Ashraf,Hassan Ghayas,Sadaf Zaka,Noureen Saeed,Sayed Ali Raza Shah Bukhari,Mehreen Arshad,Larry K Kociolek,Sameer J Patel,Rumina Hasan,Egon A Ozer
{"title":"Scheffersomyces spartinae Fungemia among Pediatric Patients, Pakistan, 2020-2024.","authors":"Kauser Jabeen,Joveria Farooqi,Lacy M Simons,Judd F Hultquist,Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo,Charlesnika T Evans,Erica M Hartmann,Mohammad Hanif,Zahra Hasan,Syed Faisal Mahmood,Javaria Ashraf,Hassan Ghayas,Sadaf Zaka,Noureen Saeed,Sayed Ali Raza Shah Bukhari,Mehreen Arshad,Larry K Kociolek,Sameer J Patel,Rumina Hasan,Egon A Ozer","doi":"10.3201/eid3108.241604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3108.241604","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence of emerging fungal infections is increasing, particularly among immunocompromised persons, children, and older persons. We report 108 cases of Scheffersomyces spartinae infection in pediatric patients from Karachi and other cities in Pakistan, of which 107 were identified from blood cultures. Cultures were initially misidentified as Clavispora lusitaniae by a biochemical assay before speciation as S. spartinae by whole-genome sequencing. All isolates were from children <12 years of age, and >69% were from children <1 month of age. Isolates were genetically distinct across regions of Pakistan; however, genetic diversity was low in isolates from patients in Karachi and nearby Nawabshah and had median differences of just 9 pairwise nucleotide variants. This study demonstrates S. spartinae is a potentially emerging pathogen in neonates and young infants in Pakistan. The findings highlight the limitations of phenotypic identification for detecting emerging fungal infections and underscore the value of molecular identification approaches.","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"105 1","pages":"1550-1560"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panayampalli S Satheshkumar,Crystal M Gigante,Placide Mbala-Kingebeni,Yoshinori Nakazawa,Mark Anderson,Stephen Balinandi,Sophia Mulei,James Fuller,Jennifer H McQuiston,Andrea M McCollum,Christina L Hutson
{"title":"Emergence of Clade Ib Monkeypox Virus-Current State of Evidence.","authors":"Panayampalli S Satheshkumar,Crystal M Gigante,Placide Mbala-Kingebeni,Yoshinori Nakazawa,Mark Anderson,Stephen Balinandi,Sophia Mulei,James Fuller,Jennifer H McQuiston,Andrea M McCollum,Christina L Hutson","doi":"10.3201/eid3108.241551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3108.241551","url":null,"abstract":"Mpox was first identified against the backdrop of the smallpox eradication campaign. Monkeypox virus (MPXV), the causative agent of mpox, has been maintained in animal reservoirs in the forested regions of West and Central Africa as 2 distinct clades; clade I has historically caused more severe infection in Central Africa than clade II, historically found in West Africa. However, rapid reemergence and spread of both MPXV clades through novel routes of transmission have challenged the known characteristics of mpox. We summarize mpox demographic distribution, clinical severity, and case-fatality rates attributed to genetically distinct MPXV subclades and focus on MPXV clade Ib, the more recently identified subclade. Broad worldwide assistance will be necessary to halt the spread of both MPXV clades within mpox endemic and nonendemic regions to prevent future outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":"1516-1525"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uh Jin Kim, Hae Seong Jeong, Keon Kim, Ahrang Lee, Minji Kim, Sarah Kim, Sung Un Shin, Seung-Ji Kang, Sook In Jung, Hyungjun Kwak, Woong-bin Ro, Choon-Mee Kim, Dong-Min Kim, Kyung-Hwa Park
{"title":"Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Acquired through Dog Bite, South Korea","authors":"Uh Jin Kim, Hae Seong Jeong, Keon Kim, Ahrang Lee, Minji Kim, Sarah Kim, Sung Un Shin, Seung-Ji Kang, Sook In Jung, Hyungjun Kwak, Woong-bin Ro, Choon-Mee Kim, Dong-Min Kim, Kyung-Hwa Park","doi":"10.3201/eid3108.250090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3108.250090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A veterinary technician in South Korea contracted severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from a dog bite. Molecular evidence, including PCR sequencing, supports dog-to-human transmission. The case underscores the zoonotic risks posed by companion animals and highlights the importance of preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"267 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal Timing for Expanding Diagnostic Laboratories, South Korea","authors":"Jae-Sun Park, Gab Jung Kim, Sang Won Lee","doi":"10.3201/eid3108.241745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3108.241745","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid expansion of testing capacity is imperative for an adequate response to infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. South Korea rapidly secured large-scale testing during the early stages of COVID-19 in 2020 by leveraging the country’s experience with the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak; the initial response was relatively successful. A key difference between the 2 outbreak responses was the expansion from public to private testing laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic. Expanding testing capacity during an infectious disease crisis should involve consideration of the overall response system and social conditions and not just the number of patients. If there are concerns about a crisis developing, testing capacity expansion should begin as soon as possible. Furthermore, accuracy should be ensured, especially when testing capacity is expanded. South Korea’s experience in developing diagnostic systems and adopting testing strategies underscores the value of proactive and well-timed preparedness for emerging infection disease outbreaks. </p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masato Hatta, Gloria P. Larson, Yasuko Hatta, Wei Wang, Nannan Jiang, Yu-Jin Jung, Li Wang, Xiaoyu Fan, Brenda M. Calderon, Gaston Bonenfant, Xudong Lin, Chenchen Feng, Dan Cui, Ginger Atteberry, Michael Currier, John Steel, David E. Wentworth, Bin Zhou
{"title":"ACE2 Receptor Usage across Animal Species by SARS-CoV-2 Variants","authors":"Masato Hatta, Gloria P. Larson, Yasuko Hatta, Wei Wang, Nannan Jiang, Yu-Jin Jung, Li Wang, Xiaoyu Fan, Brenda M. Calderon, Gaston Bonenfant, Xudong Lin, Chenchen Feng, Dan Cui, Ginger Atteberry, Michael Currier, John Steel, David E. Wentworth, Bin Zhou","doi":"10.3201/eid3108.241844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3108.241844","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We analyzed the receptor-binding activity and infectivity of 6 representative SARS-CoV-2 lineages in cell lines expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 proteins from 54 different animal species. All viruses demonstrated infectivity in a broad range of species. Susceptible animal species could serve as natural reservoirs or intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Najeeha T. Iqbal, Kaitlin Sawatzki, Kumail Ahmed, Jennifer Tisoncik-Go, Elise Smith, Kathleen Voss, John Cornelius, Lu Wang, Alicen B. Spaulding, Leonid Serebryannyy, Daniel C. Douek, Muhammad Asif Syed, Syed Faisal Mahmood, Erum Khan, Wesley C. Van Voorhis, Michael Gale
{"title":"Identification of Co-Circulating Dengue and South America–Origin Zika Viruses, Pakistan, 2021–2022","authors":"Najeeha T. Iqbal, Kaitlin Sawatzki, Kumail Ahmed, Jennifer Tisoncik-Go, Elise Smith, Kathleen Voss, John Cornelius, Lu Wang, Alicen B. Spaulding, Leonid Serebryannyy, Daniel C. Douek, Muhammad Asif Syed, Syed Faisal Mahmood, Erum Khan, Wesley C. Van Voorhis, Michael Gale","doi":"10.3201/eid3108.250342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3108.250342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We collected samples from febrile patients in Karachi, Pakistan, in 2021–2022. Sequencing, molecular, and serologic screens revealed dengue serotype 2 and Zika virus. The Zika lineage was inferred to be from Brazil in 2016, indicating unobserved circulation. We conclude that Zika virus contributes to perceived dengue outbreak burden in Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"663 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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