Current Opinion in Immunology最新文献

{"title":"The choroid plexus in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system","authors":"Joshua A Reynolds ,&nbsp;Chaim Putterman","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supporting the health and function of the central nervous system (CNS), the choroid plexus (CP) not only produces cerebrospinal fluid, but it also facilitates brain–immune interfacing, removes waste, and secretes proneuronal signals. Despite these key physiological contributions, a pathogenic role for the CP in promoting neurologic disease has been relatively underappreciated. Resident CNS cells, including microglia, and peripheral immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, can interact to promote inflammatory changes within the brain. Such an environment, rich in cytokines and antibodies, can be neurotoxic and produce the symptoms of neuroinflammatory diseases. In other conditions, poorly understood metabolic and cellular disturbances damage neurons and their support cells, such as oligodendrocytes. The progressive loss of functionally intact neuronal networks is responsible for the sequelae of neurodegenerative diseases. Originally described as separate entities, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions nevertheless actually share several remarkable similarities. Research indicates that these diverse neurologic pathologies are linked by core CP aberrations, including infiltration by peripheral immune cells, enhanced leukocyte transmigration, paracellular barrier breakdown, synthesis of inflammatory signals, impaired clearance of cerebrospinal fluid neurotoxins, and diminished neurotrophic factor release. This review article highlights recent advances in understanding CP deficits in several prominent inflammatory and degenerative conditions of the CNS. Importantly, the evident intersection between these two categories emphasizes the need to study them in parallel. In doing so, much-needed advances can be made in understanding and managing both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102588"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond skin deep: total-body positron emission tomography to illuminate systemic inflammation in psoriatic arthritis","authors":"Abhijit J Chaudhari ,&nbsp;Yasser G Abdelhafez ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Nardo ,&nbsp;Siba P Raychaudhuri","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a systemic, immune-mediated disorder characterized by inflammation across peripheral and axial joints, entheses, skin, and nails. Given this heterogeneous manifestation, PsA presents unique challenges in clinical diagnosis and management. Conventional imaging, limited to localized, anatomical assessments, often fails to capture the full spectrum of PsA’s systemic inflammatory burden, particularly subclinical disease. This review explores the emerging role of total-body positron emission tomography (TB-PET), offering a comprehensive assessment of molecular and metabolic processes across all affected tissues of the body in a single, short, low-dose scan. With PET radiotracers targeting glucose metabolism, T-cell trafficking, and macrophage activation, TB-PET may serve as a gateway to assess the spectrum and degree of inflammation in all the pathologic domains underlying PsA. Ultimately, by bridging molecular imaging with immunology and observable phenotypic features, TB-PET may open new avenues for understanding the pathophysiology of PsA, impacting both research paradigms and clinical strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102587"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can we cure bullous skin diseases?","authors":"Sicheng Liu ,&nbsp;Qianjin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs), including pemphigus and pemphigoid, are featured as the presence of autoantibodies directed against structural proteins, resulting in severe blistering as well as considerable morbidity. Current treatments, including glucocorticoids, immunomodulators, and biologics, often fail to achieve sustained remission due to high relapse rates and significant adverse effects. This review explores the pathophysiology of AIBDs, focusing on autoreactive B and T cells, inflammatory mediators, and immune dysregulation. Existing therapeutic limitations are then analyzed, and emerging treatment options, such as chimeric antigen receptor-T therapy, regulatory T cell–based interventions, and tolerogenic vaccines, are discussed as potential curative approaches. Additionally, preventive measures, such as genetic screening and environmental risk management, are considered. By integrating novel immunotherapies and immune modulation techniques through a three-step approach — disease control, pathogenic cell elimination, and induction of immune tolerance — we may move closer toward achieving sustained remission and potentially curing of AIBDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102589"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curing inflammatory bowel diseases: breaking the barriers of current therapies– emerging strategies for a definitive treatment","authors":"Daniele Noviello ,&nbsp;Chiara Amoroso ,&nbsp;Maurizio Vecchi ,&nbsp;Federica Facciotti ,&nbsp;Flavio Caprioli","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) reflects the interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, microbial imbalance, and epithelial barrier defects. Current therapies for IBD primarily focus on controlling inflammation necessitating lifelong treatment and face a ‘therapeutic ceiling’ due to primary and secondary loss of efficacy over time. Immune-mediated approaches do not address additional pathogenic mechanisms, such as impairment of epithelial barrier and gut microbial ecology. Thus, innovative strategies are required to foster the field closer to a definitive cure. This review discusses novel strategies to overcome current therapeutic limitations, including immune reset via hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and B cell–targeted therapies, antigen-specific interventions such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells and tolerogenic vaccines, and intestinal epithelial barrier restoration. We also explore microbiota-based strategies — ranging from fecal microbiota transplantation to engineered consortia and bacteriophages — and discuss the adjunctive role of diet. Together, we outline a potential research roadmap toward a potential cure for IBD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102593"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetics: the link between environmental exposures and autoimmune diseases","authors":"Wenhui Zhou ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Ming Zhao ,&nbsp;Qianjin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) comprise a highly heterogeneous group of disorders with significant morbidity, disability, and mortality. Growing scientific evidence has suggested the interactions between genetic and environmental factors robustly involving in the pathogenesis of AIDs. Epigenetics serves as a critical bridge linking between gene expression patterns and external environmental stimuli. Several research areas have emerged to investigate these epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. On the other hand, epidemiological studies have well-established the marked relationship between the occurrence and development of AIDs and environmental exposures, especially chemical, physical, and biologic factors. However, the knowledge gap between the role of specific external agents in the development of AIDs and the impact of epigenetic signatures has not been filled. This review synthesizes recent findings AID-associated environmental factors, their role in the development of AIDs, and their interactions with genetics and influence on epigenetic modifications. We also discuss the tool for assessing causal relationships between environmental risks and clinical intervention trials to prevent disease progression. In all, precise understanding of the underlying mechanisms between epigenetics and environmental risk factors is crucial for timely prevention and treatment to improve AIDs outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102592"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial overview: Transfusion is not a miracle, but an extraordinary fact and an immunological impossibility","authors":"Olivier Garraud ,&nbsp;Pierre Tiberghien,&nbsp;Fabrice Cognasse","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102586"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of spatial transcriptomics in psoriasis: new insights into cellular contributions","authors":"Andrea Leung ,&nbsp;Georgia Marquez-Grap,&nbsp;Allison Kranyak,&nbsp;Wilson Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is a technology that has advanced our understanding of the cellular and genetic characteristics of conditions like psoriasis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. ST is often used in conjunction with methods like single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), which is a popular method to investigate cellular gene expression. Together, ST and scRNA-seq allow for the visualization and quantification of gene expression spatially, with the preservation of tissue architecture. In psoriasis research, ST and scRNA-seq have led to the identification of distinct cell populations within the skin, associated dysregulated pathways, and critical insight into tissue microenvironments and cell-to-cell interactions. In this review, we provide a summary of how ST has been utilized to better understand psoriasis and how it has shaped our understanding of prominent cell types in psoriasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102585"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromodulation by the immune system: implications for brain-directed immunotherapy","authors":"Daniel H Cho ,&nbsp;Jun R Huh ,&nbsp;Gloria B Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Once believed to be limited in its impact on the brain, the immune system is now recognized as a potent modulator of the brain and behavior. This review explores the evolving understanding of the brain–immune axis, highlighting the role of immune cells and molecules in neuromodulation and behavioral regulation, with a focus on recent findings detailing the influence of immune factors like interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17E, IL-4, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, and matrix metalloproteinase 8 on social behavior, learning, memory, and stress susceptibility. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that similar approaches could address neurological and psychiatric disorders by targeting dysregulated brain–immune interactions. A deeper understanding of the complex relationship between the brain and the immune system will be essential for unlocking the therapeutic potential of immunomodulation for brain disorders and positioning the immune system as a key player in restoring mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102568"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging role of follicular regulatory T-cells in neuroimmunological disorders","authors":"Stephen Opoku ,&nbsp;Qisen Guo ,&nbsp;Jianmei W Leavenworth","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune tolerance is essential for preventing self-damage while maintaining effective immune responses against foreign insults. Disruptions in this balance contribute to autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, including neuroimmunological disorders that are characterized by aberrant inflammation in the nervous system. Follicular regulatory T (T_FR) cells, a specialized subset of regulatory T (Treg) cells, play important roles in the control of humoral immunity, properly regulating high-affinity antibody responses to foreign antigens while limiting autoreactive antibody production. Beyond this well-documented role, recent studies have revealed its tissue-specific regulation along with the new discoveries of tissue Treg cells. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of T_FR cells and discuss the emerging findings of these cells in neuroimmunological disorders by highlighting their heterogeneity and plasticity in the regulation of disease progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102584"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal models of autoimmune encephalitis","authors":"Estibaliz Maudes ,&nbsp;Jesús Planagumà ,&nbsp;Martin S Weber ,&nbsp;Josep Dalmau","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of the review</h3><div>To provide an overview of animal models and mechanisms of autoimmune encephalitides associated with autoantibodies against neuronal surface antigens.</div></div><div><h3>Principal findings</h3><div>Currently, 18 encephalitides are known to be mediated by cell-surface autoantibodies, with 16 targeting neuronal proteins or receptors. These diseases, which can affect patients of all ages, are severe but usually respond to immunotherapy. They also serve as valuable models for studying how immune disruptions of neuronal proteins impair memory, behavior, cognition, or lead to psychosis, seizures, or abnormal movements. The process of modeling these diseases involves three steps: (1) demonstrating that patients’ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum alters the structure or function of the target antigen; (2) confirming that animal transfer of patient-derived CSF, serum IgG, or monoclonal antibodies replicates the molecular effects and disease symptoms; and (3) developing active immunization-based animal models. While passive transfer models are crucial for demonstrating the pathogenicity of patients’ autoantibodies, they have limitations in fully elucidating the neuro-immunobiology of these diseases (e.g. contribution of T-cells, microglia, native immunity, deep cervical lymph nodes). Additionally, these models fall short in evaluating the long-term clinical course and immunological therapies. Active immunization models, currently available only for anti-NMDAR encephalitis, overcome these limitations, capturing the acute and chronic disease course, introducing novel neuroimmunological paradigms, and enabling the assessment of treatment strategies beyond initial immunotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although animal models are inherently imperfect, current models of autoimmune encephalitides offer valuable neurobiological and immunological insights, facilitating the translation of experimental findings into clinical advancements.</div></div><div><h3>Key points</h3><div><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><div>Antibody-mediated encephalitides provide valuable models for studying how immune disruptions of neuronal proteins or receptors impair memory, behavior, cognition, or cause psychosis, seizures, or abnormal movements.</div></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><div>Modeling autoimmune encephalitides involves three steps: (1) assessing antibody effects on cultured neurons; (2) passively transferring human autoantibodies to animals to evaluate antigen-specific symptoms; and (3) inducing an autoimmune response in animals through immunization with full-length protein or peptide autoantigens.</div></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><div>Passive transfer models are essential for demonstrating autoantibody pathogenicity but are limited by a narrow symptom range, a short duration of effects, and the absence of other components of the immune response (e.g. inflammation, T-cells, microglia).</div></span></li><li><","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102579"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}