Current Opinion in Immunology最新文献

The outcome of severe MIS-C managed at the Italian epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: a follow-up study of 50 consecutive patients 在意大利SARS-CoV-2疫情中心管理的严重misc的结果：对50名连续患者的随访研究

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102659

Lucio Verdoni , Angelo Mazza , Laura Martelli , Annalisa Gervasoni , Angela Amoroso , Simona Anna Marcora , Paolo Brambilla , Ezio Bonanomi , Greta Carioli , Lorenzo D’Antiga

{"title":"The outcome of severe MIS-C managed at the Italian epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: a follow-up study of 50 consecutive patients","authors":"Lucio Verdoni , Angelo Mazza , Laura Martelli , Annalisa Gervasoni , Angela Amoroso , Simona Anna Marcora , Paolo Brambilla , Ezio Bonanomi , Greta Carioli , Lorenzo D’Antiga","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we described a peak of a Kawasaki-like disease in children, later renamed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We report the long-term outcomes of MIS-C patients who presented to our center.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recorded clinical features and outcomes in patients with MIS-C admitted to our institution (February 2020–February 2022), focusing on the long-term outcome of those with a severe course.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 50 MIS-C patients (mean age 8.8 ± 4.3 years, 16 females) were admitted. In univariate analysis, the predictors of high-risk disease were older age; high CRP, neutrophils, ferritin, D-dimer, and transaminases; and low white blood cells, lymphocytes, platelets, albumin, and sodium. In multivariate analysis, a more severe course of the disease was associated with sodium ≤133 or ferritin >684. In two months, the symptoms disappeared. No relapses occurred during four years of surveillance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The prognosis of MIS-C is favorable, even in severe cases. MIS-C resolves completely as early as eight weeks from onset and is not associated with other events over four years of observation. In our experience, careful and correct stratification in the initial phases has proven essential in setting up the correct treatment, with full recovery in all cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102659"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From genes to granulomas: the genetic blueprint of sarcoidosis 从基因到肉芽肿：结节病的基因蓝图。

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102663

Martin Petrek , Natalia V Rivera

引用次数: 0

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis: current status and optimization strategies 移植后环磷酰胺用于移植物抗宿主病预防：现状和优化策略。

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102662

Shigeo Fuji , Akihiro Ohmoto

引用次数: 0

Microglia and myeloperoxidase in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases 神经炎症和神经退行性疾病中的小胶质细胞和髓过氧化物酶。

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102660

Lorenzo Del Moro , Enrico Brunetta , M. Eric Gershwin , Carlo Selmi

{"title":"Microglia and myeloperoxidase in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"Lorenzo Del Moro , Enrico Brunetta , M. Eric Gershwin , Carlo Selmi","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dogma of an impenetrable blood–brain barrier (BBB) has given way to the view that resident immune cells within the central nervous system respond to a variety of blood-borne soluble factors, particularly cytokines, and play an important functional role. In particular, microglia cells contribute to the regulation of neuroinflammation, with both protective and pathological roles. Specific microglia activation states variably influence the progression of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Significant evidence indicates that gut microbiota–derived products regulate microglial function across the lifespan and influence the BBB. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions into hypochlorous acid, a potent oxidant implicated in oxidative tissue damage and modulation of inflammatory signaling. Elevated MPO levels in the central nervous system have been correlated with human disease and the dysregulation of MPO activity in microglia is particularly detrimental, as it amplifies the oxidative stress, disrupts the BBB integrity, and potentiates the neuroinflammatory cascades through the activation of transcription factors like NF-κB. Targeting MPO activity through selective inhibitors or antioxidant strategies may attenuate microglial activation and reduce neuroinflammation, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target, but the regulatory mechanisms governing MPO expression in microglia and its interplay with other inflammatory mediators remain poorly understood. New research efforts into the relationship between <u><u>g</u></u>ut microbiota, microglia, MPO, and neuroinflammation are essential to unravel the complexities of neuropathology in a variety of conditions beyond neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102660"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in treatment of psoriatic arthritis: current guidelines and emerging therapies 银屑病关节炎的治疗进展：当前指南和新兴疗法。

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102658

Ashley M Feldkamp , Siba P Raychaudhuri

引用次数: 0

Protective or pathogenic? Tuft cells shape divergent immune outcomes in helminth and viral infections 保护性还是致病性？簇状细胞在蠕虫和病毒感染中形成不同的免疫结果

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102657

Miles DW Tyner , Michael R Howitt

引用次数: 0

Skin manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its vaccination SARS-CoV-2感染的皮肤表现及其疫苗接种

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102656

Fanny Saidoune, Ahmad Yatim, Jeremy Di Domizio, Michel Gilliet

{"title":"Skin manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its vaccination","authors":"Fanny Saidoune, Ahmad Yatim, Jeremy Di Domizio, Michel Gilliet","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination are associated with a broad range of skin manifestations, including chilblains, urticaria, morbilliform and papulovesicular rashes, purpuric-necrotic lesions, and autoimmune flares. These patterns reflect differences in the timing and nature of type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. Rapid TLR7-mediated IFN-I production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in the upper airways restricts viral replication; hyperresponsive pDCs protect from severe infection but may cause chilblain-like lesions through exaggerated local inflammation. When early IFN-I responses are weak, viral spread to the lungs triggers endothelial cell death, mitochondrial DNA release, and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation, producing a late IFN-I surge that amplifies inflammation, mirrored by morbilliform, vesicular, or necrotic skin lesions. mRNA and viral vector vaccines can similarly activate nucleic acid sensors, inducing IFN-I–driven rashes, and promote spike-specific T cells that cross-react with skin antigens. Recognizing these cutaneous signs offers insight into the balance between protective and pathogenic immunity in COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102656"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Approved and emerging therapies for glucocorticoid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease 经批准和新兴的治疗糖皮质激素难治性慢性移植物抗宿主病的方法

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102654

Xinwen Zhang , Yuxin Ren , Ruihao Huang , Xiaoqi Wang , Xi Zhang

{"title":"Approved and emerging therapies for glucocorticoid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease","authors":"Xinwen Zhang , Yuxin Ren , Ruihao Huang , Xiaoqi Wang , Xi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glucocorticoid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease (glucocorticoid-refractory cGVHD) remains a major barrier to long-term survival and quality of life following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), affecting 30–70% to half of patients with chronic GVHD who fail corticosteroid therapy. In recent years, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved four agents — ibrutinib, ruxolitinib, belumosudil, and axatilimab — each targeting distinct immune and fibrotic pathways. This review systematically evaluates their mechanisms of action, efficacy across organ systems, and safety profiles while highlighting persistent limitations. We further summarize emerging therapies in clinical and preclinical development, including kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, cellular approaches, and tissue-specific interventions. A dual-axis framework — distinguishing inflammatory versus fibrotic phenotypes and organ-specific manifestations — is proposed to support biomarker-guided, individualized treatment. In addition, combination regimens and AI-assisted strategies offer new opportunities to optimize outcomes and reduce treatment burden. Despite these advances, challenges remain, including irreversible fibrosis, disease heterogeneity, lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, and balanced GVHD and graft versus tumor effect. Greater incorporation of patient-reported outcomes and long-term functional assessments into clinical trials and practice is urgently needed. Collectively, this review offers a roadmap for optimizing glucocorticoid-refractory cGVHD management, and evolving strategies hold promise for transforming glucocorticoid-refractory cGVHD from a life-limiting condition into a manageable chronic disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102654"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Complement in systemic lupus erythematosus across time and space: from tolerance to tissue injury and from extracellular to intracellular functions 补体在系统性红斑狼疮跨越时间和空间：从耐受性到组织损伤和从细胞外到细胞内功能

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102655

Giovanna Clavarino , Jeanne Vigne , Marie-Sophie Meuleman , Axelle Amen , Véronique Rossi , Chantal Dumestre-Pérard

引用次数: 0

C1 inhibitor: from complement system to bradykinin angioedema C1抑制剂：从补体系统到缓激素血管性水肿

IF 5.8 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102653

Federica Defendi , Axelle Amen , Giovanna Clavarino , Chantal Dumestre-Pérard

引用次数: 0