Current Opinion in Immunology最新文献_第2页

Is there a path to cure myasthenia gravis? 有没有治愈重症肌无力的方法？

IF 6.6 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102577

Rozen Le Panse

引用次数: 0

Epigenetic regulation in vitiligo: mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities 白癜风的表观遗传调控：机制、挑战和治疗机会

IF 6.6 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102580

Linxuan Wu , Tingrui Han , Yinghan Wang , Shuli Li , Chunying Li

{"title":"Epigenetic regulation in vitiligo: mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities","authors":"Linxuan Wu , Tingrui Han , Yinghan Wang , Shuli Li , Chunying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitiligo, characterized by epidermal melanocytes loss causing skin depigmentation, affects millions globally. This review explores its pathogenesis, emphasizing the role of epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNAs, chromatin remodeling, and 3D genome regulation. These mechanisms interact with genetic and environmental factors, contributing to melanocyte destruction. DNA methylation dysregulation, particularly in genes such as TYR and POMC, disrupts melanocyte homeostasis. Histone modification imbalances, including excessive histone deacetylase (HDAC) activation, promote melanocyte apoptosis. Noncoding RNAs, such as miR-211 and lncRNAs, regulate gene expression and immune responses. Chromatin remodeling and 3D genome interactions further influence gene expression, impacting melanogenesis. Despite advancements, challenges remain, including sample heterogeneity, limited model systems, and data integration complexities. Future directions include multiomics studies, organoid models, and personalized treatments. Epigenetic drugs like HDAC inhibitors and CRISPR-dCas9 show promise, with combination therapies offering synergistic effects. This review underscores the potential of epigenetics in advancing vitiligo research and clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102580"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel approaches to prevent or cure allergic diseases 预防或治疗过敏性疾病的新方法

IF 6.6 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102569

Serena Zadoo , Carla McGuire Davis

引用次数: 0

Thetis cells: regulators of intestinal immune tolerance Thetis细胞：肠道免疫耐受的调节因子

IF 6.6 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102570

Vanja Cabric , Chrysothemis C Brown

{"title":"Thetis cells: regulators of intestinal immune tolerance","authors":"Vanja Cabric , Chrysothemis C Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our body’s mucosal surfaces interface with the external environment and are potential sites of entry for pathogens as well as noxious substances. Yet, these barrier sites are also colonized with symbiotic microbes and are in contact with harmless environmental antigens. Different barrier epithelia harbor distinct microbial communities that shape both the epithelial layer and local immune cells that maintain tissue homeostasis and tolerance to symbiotic microbes. This seemingly paradoxical peaceful co-existence of immune cells and microbes has fascinated immunologists for decades: how does the immune system balance inflammatory and tolerogenic responses? The mechanisms underlying peripheral immune tolerance to harmless foreign antigens have been most widely studied within the intestine, where the immune system must establish and maintain tolerance to harmless food and commensal antigens. Dysregulated immune responses to these antigens are linked to several human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and food allergy. Understanding the cellular and molecular cues that promote intestinal immune tolerance is key to the development of effective therapeutic strategies for these pathologies. Here, we review recent insights into mechanisms of intestinal tolerance with a focus on recently identified RORγt<sup>+</sup> antigen-presenting cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102570"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tipping the balance: innate and adaptive immunity in mitochondrial disease 打破平衡：线粒体疾病中的先天免疫和适应性免疫

IF 6.6 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102566

Andrew Phillip West , Peter J McGuire

{"title":"Tipping the balance: innate and adaptive immunity in mitochondrial disease","authors":"Andrew Phillip West , Peter J McGuire","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitochondrial diseases (MtD) provide a unique window into the complex interplay between metabolism and immune function. These rare disorders, caused by defects in oxidative phosphorylation, result in bioenergetic deficiencies that disrupt multiple organ systems. While traditionally studied for their metabolic impact, MtD also profoundly affect the immune system, altering both innate and adaptive responses. This review explores how mitochondrial dysfunction shapes immune dysregulation, influencing thymocyte maturation, regulatory T cells, and B cell function while also driving innate immune activation through mitochondrial DNA instability and type I interferon signaling. Additionally, MtD highlight an emerging overlap between inborn errors of metabolism and inborn errors of immunity, revealing shared pathways that connect mitochondrial dysfunction to immune deficiencies and inflammatory disease. Studying MtD not only advances our understanding of immunometabolism but also provides critical insights into more common inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, offering potential therapeutic targets that extend beyond rare mitochondrial disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102566"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unmet needs in autoimmune liver diseases 自身免疫性肝病的未满足需求

IF 6.6 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102565

Mirjam Kolev , Andreas E Kremer , Christiane Sokollik , Merill Eric Gershwin , Benedetta Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli

{"title":"Unmet needs in autoimmune liver diseases","authors":"Mirjam Kolev , Andreas E Kremer , Christiane Sokollik , Merill Eric Gershwin , Benedetta Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis are well-defined autoimmune liver diseases, the pathophysiology of which remains enigmatic. While major therapeutic advances have been achieved for many other autoimmune diseases, precision therapy for these diseases has lagged. For example, limited data exist on the use of innovative drugs targeting the immune system, such as monoclonal antibodies that block immune checkpoint, mRNA vaccines, the influence of infections, the microbiome, and drugs on loss of tolerance in liver autoimmunity. The knowledge on recent radiological techniques, on the expanding role of artificial intelligence in medicine, and on the relationship between the pediatric and adult phenotypes also urgently needs to be advanced in liver autoimmunity. Increased patient involvement focusing on individual symptom burden is also crucial for improving long-term quality of treatment. The fourth Swiss Autoimmune Liver Disease Meeting provided a unique interdisciplinary platform for experts and patients to discuss critical gaps. This opinion paper highlights the discussions on unmet needs and potential solutions in autoimmune liver diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102565"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanistic considerations linking SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammation, and the loss of immune tolerance 将SARS-CoV-2感染、炎症和免疫耐受丧失联系起来的机制考虑

IF 6.6 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567

Antonio Tonutti , Francesca Motta , Natasa Isailovic , Carlo Selmi , Suraj Timilsina , Merrill Eric Gershwin , Maria De Santis

{"title":"Mechanistic considerations linking SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammation, and the loss of immune tolerance","authors":"Antonio Tonutti , Francesca Motta , Natasa Isailovic , Carlo Selmi , Suraj Timilsina , Merrill Eric Gershwin , Maria De Santis","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated in the onset of multiple, seemingly unrelated, autoimmune diseases. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has also been implicated in the unmasking and/or production of multiple autoantibodies, even in the absence of clinical disease. Despite such data, it remains unclear whether antibodies targeting antiviral signaling proteins and mitochondrial antigens reflect bystander activation or alternatively contribute to <em>de novo</em> viral immune escape mechanisms. With these comments in mind, a variety of professional antibody presenting cells and including lung resident macrophages of COVID-19 infected patients are impacted and dependent on the uptake of antibody-opsonized virus by Fcγ receptors; yet infection is aborted via antibody-dependent effector mechanisms or pyroptosis, possibly leading to autoantibody production, and autoinflammatory manifestations, respectively.</div><div>TRIM21/Ro52, a cytosolic E3-ubiquitin ligase with an Fc-gamma receptor domain, functions as an intracytoplasmic antibody receptor, directs immune complexes binding virions but also autoantigens to autophagy. During autophagy, Ig-virions-TRIM21/Ro52-autoantigens complexes bind directly to class II human leukocyte antigen in lysosomal compartment, leading to subsequent presentation on the cell surface. This process favors the development of a specific humoral immune response but has the potential to lead to loss of tolerance. Interestingly, TRIM21/Ro52 can also contribute to pyroptosis. We propose that TRIM21/Ro52 is well-placed at the crossroad between the inflammatory response and clinical autoimmunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102567"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Can we cure IgG4-related diseases?’ “我们能治愈与igg4相关的疾病吗？”

IF 6.6 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102564

Kazuichi Okazaki , Tsukasa Ikeura , Kazushige Uchida

{"title":"‘Can we cure IgG4-related diseases?’","authors":"Kazuichi Okazaki , Tsukasa Ikeura , Kazushige Uchida","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), recognized as a novel clinical entity, is a rare, chronic, immune-mediated systemic fibroinflammatory disorder of unknown origin with either synchronous or metachronous multi-organ involvement. Although the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, possible multipathogenic factors such as genetic backgrounds, disease-specific or related antigens, and abnormal innate or adaptive immunity may be involved. Many immunocytes, including neutrophil extracellular trap, M2 macrophage, plasmablast, B cells, and T-cells (Th2-CD4<sup>+</sup>T, follicular helper T cells, and CD4<sup>+</sup>SLAMF7<sup>+</sup>cytotoxic T cells) play important roles in the pathogenesis. Conventional therapies with glucocorticoid or rituximab in combination with/without immunomodulators are recommended in all symptomatic patients with active IgG4-RD. Because of a few of randomized clinical trials, the comprehensive management for IgG4-RD has not been established yet. Targeted treatment approaches against the plasmablast to B cell lineage and the CD4<sup>+</sup>SLAMF7<sup>+</sup>cytotoxic T cell seem to be promising for the future-directed treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102564"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SARS-CoV-2: lessons in virus mutation prediction and pandemic preparedness SARS-CoV-2：病毒突变预测和大流行防范的经验教训

IF 6.6 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102560

Weiyi Tang , Jenna Kim , Raphael TC Lee , Sebastian Maurer-Stroh , Laurent Renia , Matthew Z Tay

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2: lessons in virus mutation prediction and pandemic preparedness","authors":"Weiyi Tang , Jenna Kim , Raphael TC Lee , Sebastian Maurer-Stroh , Laurent Renia , Matthew Z Tay","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted an unprecedented global response. In particular, extraordinary efforts have been dedicated toward monitoring and predicting variant emergence due to its huge impact, particularly for vaccine escape. Broadly, we classify such methods into two categories: forward mutation prediction, where phenotypes are first observed and the responsible genotypes traced, and reverse mutation prediction, which starts with selected pathogen genetic profiles and characterizes their associated phenotypes. Reverse mutation prediction strategies have advantages in being able to sample a more complete evolutionary space since sequences that do not yet exist can be sampled. The rapid improvement in the maturity and scale of reverse mutation prediction strategies, such as deep mutational scanning, has led to significant amounts of data for machine learning, with concomitant improvement in the prediction results from computational tools. Such integrated prediction approaches are generalizable and offer significant opportunities for anticipating viral evolution and for pandemic preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102560"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can we cure rheumatoid arthritis? 我们能治愈类风湿关节炎吗？

IF 6.6 2区医学

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102561

Yi Yin , Meiyu Guo , Peter E Lipsky , Xuan Zhang

{"title":"Can we cure rheumatoid arthritis?","authors":"Yi Yin , Meiyu Guo , Peter E Lipsky , Xuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2025.102561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) persists as a chronically progressive autoimmune disorder, notwithstanding significant advancements in early intervention and precision-targeted therapeutics. While treat-to-target paradigms and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs ameliorate clinical outcomes, sustained drug-free remission (SDFR) or even cure remains elusive, underscoring the need for innovative strategies addressing underlying immunopathogenic mechanisms. Prolonged SDFR implies cure or eradication of disease, but there is no consensus definition of cure because it has rarely been contemplated in RA. Pathogenic immune circuit resilience, stromal hyperactivation, persistent structural abnormalities, and genetic susceptibilities constitute multifactorial barriers to a cure. Emerging therapies — including novel biologics, cellular interventions, and gene editing — aim to reprogram pathogenic immune responses rather than suppress symptoms and may have the potential for both SDFR and possibly cure. Whereas preclinical and early clinical data suggest the potential to modify disease trajectories, durable resetting of the RA immune system toward normal has not yet been conclusively demonstrated or uniformly achieved in RA. The ‘window of opportunity’ paradigm postulates that early-stage immunomodulatory interventions may alter the disease trajectory. However, the optimal therapeutic approaches for capitalizing on this temporal window remain debated, particularly regarding the integration of personalized biomarkers and mechanistic targets.</div><div>This review summarizes advancements in RA therapeutics, evaluating whether emerging modalities can pivot the clinical paradigm from symptomatic management to the induction of persistent immunological normalization and cure. Although definitive cure remains on the far horizon, the rapid convergence of precision medicine, next-generation immunotherapy, and translational research underscores a paradigm shift toward curative strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102561"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0