Jozef Balla , Abhay PS Rathore , Ashley L St. John
{"title":"Mechanisms and risk factors for perinatal allergic disease","authors":"Jozef Balla , Abhay PS Rathore , Ashley L St. John","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Allergies are among the top causes of chronic disease in children. Their pathogenesis classically involves T helper 2 (Th2)-type inflammation driven by IgE-mediated allergen sensing. Triggers influencing allergic disease occur early in life, including before birth. The immature fetal immune system and mucosal barriers undergo periods of plasticity that are open to longitudinal programming by maternal influence. Evidence supports the importance of the maternal immune system in shaping perinatal immunity, as the transfer of cytokines, antibodies, and cells promotes offspring protection from pathogens. However, the same components may lead to allergic predisposition. Maternal–fetal interactions are further modified by epigenetic, metabolic, dietary, and microbiome-mediated effects. Here, we review how diverse maternal exposures and mediators signal across the placenta and through nursing perinatally to promote future tolerance or enhance reactivity against allergens. Improved understanding of the mechanisms predisposing for allergic disease in early life can guide the development of new therapeutics and preventative lifestyle modifications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102505"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"B cells spatial organization defines their phenotype and function in cancer “Tell me with whom you consort, and I will tell you who you are” ― Goethe","authors":"Lloyd Bod , Shabnam Shalapour","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of B cells and their subtypes in the tumor environment has been recognized a for very long time. Immunoglobulins specific for more than thousands of tumor-associated antigens were detected in the sera of patients with cancer; however, antibody-mediated cancer cell killing is usually impaired. The role of humoral immune response remained elusive until recently, with new discoveries regarding their contribution in regulating antitumor immunity, particularly during immunotherapy. Humoral immunity has been described to promote or attenuate tumorigenesis and can have opposing effects on therapeutic outcome in different tumor entities. The antagonism effect of B cells depends on their subtypes and immunoglobulin isotypes and is regulated by their spatial distribution and localization. In this short review, we will focus on how the spatial organization of B cells within the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated lymph nodes, and tertiary lymphoid structures define their fate and function and contribute to the regulation of antitumor immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102504"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discovering mechanisms of macrophage tissue infiltration with Drosophila","authors":"Daria E Siekhaus , Jasmine A Stanley-Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Much is known about the importance of macrophages for regulating diverse aspects of organismal physiology, alongside their essential roles in inflammation. Relatively unexplored are the processes influencing macrophages’ and monocytes’ ability to invade into the tissues where they carry out these functions. <em>Drosophila</em> plasmatocytes, also called hemocytes, show similarities to vertebrate macrophages in their function and their molecular specification; they have recently been shown to also infiltrate into tissues during development and inflammation. Extravasation across vasculature, into tumors, the brain, and adipose tissue have all been observed. We discuss the striking parallels in some of these systems to vertebrate immune responses, including a requirement for tumor necrosis factor. Finally, we highlight the new pathways regulating infiltration found in the fly that remain as yet unexamined in a vertebrate context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102502"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandra Lopez Espinoza , Tighe Christopher , Elia D Tait Wojno
{"title":"Epithelial-immune interactions govern type 2 immunity at barrier surfaces","authors":"Alejandra Lopez Espinoza , Tighe Christopher , Elia D Tait Wojno","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Allergic diseases are acute and chronic inflammatory conditions resulting from disproportionate responses to environmental stimuli. Affecting approximately 40% of the global population, these diseases significantly contribute to morbidity and increasing health care costs. Allergic reactions are triggered by pollen, house dust mites, animal dander, mold, food antigens, venoms, toxins, and drugs. This review explores the pivotal role of the epithelium in the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract in regulating the allergic response and delves into the mechanisms of tissue-specific epithelial–immune interactions in this context, with recent advances highlighting their roles in the initiation, elicitation, and resolution phases of allergy. Understanding these intricate interactions at epithelial barriers is essential for developing targeted therapies to manage and treat allergic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102501"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna K Kania , Efthymia Kokkinou , Erika Pearce, Edward Pearce
{"title":"Metabolic adaptations of ILC2 and Th2 cells in type 2 immunity","authors":"Anna K Kania , Efthymia Kokkinou , Erika Pearce, Edward Pearce","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 2 immune responses play a crucial role in host defense against parasitic infections but can also promote the development of allergies and asthma. This response is orchestrated primarily by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and helper type 2 (Th2) cells, both of which undergo substantial metabolic reprogramming as they transition from resting to activated states. Understanding these metabolic adaptations not only provides insights into the fundamental biology of ILC2 and Th2 cells but also opens up potential therapeutic avenues for the identification of novel metabolic targets that can extend the current treatment regimens for diseases in which type 2 immune responses play pivotal roles. By integrating recent findings, this review underscores the significance of cellular metabolism in orchestrating immune functions and highlights future directions for research in this evolving field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102503"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Min , Jacob Fiedler , Niroshana Anandasabapathy
{"title":"Tissue-resident memory cells in antitumoral immunity and cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Daniel Min , Jacob Fiedler , Niroshana Anandasabapathy","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As cancer immunotherapy evolves, tissue-resident memory (T<sub>RM</sub>) cells remain key contributors to the antitumoral immune response due to their ability to mediate local tumor control, high expression of immune checkpoints, potential to respond to immunotherapy, and location across tissue sites where distal tumor metastases occur. This review synthesizes recent findings on the biology of T<sub>RM</sub> cells, their role in cancer, and their interactions with the tumor microenvironment. We also identify several critical research gaps, such as how mechanistic interrogation of T<sub>RM</sub> cell function is required for integration into therapeutics, proposing a focused research agenda to better exploit their potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102499"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolic requirements of type 2 lymphocytes in allergic disease","authors":"Christopher A Tibbitt , Jonathan M Coquet","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Allergic diseases continue to increase in prevalence across the globe. Decades of research has uncovered the cytokines and transcription factors that are central to the allergic immune response, but only in the last few years have we begun to understand the metabolic requirements of allergic immunity. Here, we discuss the metabolic features of so-called ‘type 2’ lymphocytes, which are heavily implicated in allergy. We highlight the central role that nuclear receptors, such as peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma, play in type 2 lymphocyte biology and explore the influence of dietary and microbial factors in allergic inflammation. In the future, targeting metabolic checkpoints may offer a meaningful way of treating patients with allergic disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102500"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pierpaolo Ginefra , Helen C Hope , Girieca Lorusso , Patrizia D’Amelio , Nicola Vannini
{"title":"The immunometabolic roots of aging","authors":"Pierpaolo Ginefra , Helen C Hope , Girieca Lorusso , Patrizia D’Amelio , Nicola Vannini","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for several chronic diseases and is accompanied by a progressive decline of cellular and organ function. Recent studies have highlighted the changes in metabolism as one of the main drivers of organism dysfunctions during aging and how that strongly deteriorate immune cell performance and function. Indeed, a dysfunctional immune system has been shown to have a pleiotropic impact on the organism, accelerating the overall aging process of an individual.</div><div>Intrinsic and extrinsic factors are responsible for such metabolic alterations. Understanding the contribution, regulation, and connection of these different factors is fundamental to comprehend the process of aging and develop approaches to mitigate age-related immune decline. Here, we describe metabolic perturbations occurring at cellular and systemic levels. Particularly, we emphasize the interplay between metabolism and immunosenescence and describe novel interventions to protect immune function and promote health span.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102498"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Host-encoded antivirulence defenses: host physiologies teach pathogens to play nice","authors":"Janelle S Ayres","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Successful treatment of infectious diseases requires a multiprong approach involving strategies that limit pathogen burdens and that limit disease. Traditionally, disease defense is thought to be a direct function of pathogen killing, and thus, our current methods for treating infections have largely relied on pathogen eradication, leading to drug resistance. Strategies that target the virulence of the pathogen, called antivirulence, have been proposed to be a necessary strategy to integrate into our infectious disease toolbox to promote disease defense and alleviate the burden of drug resistance. Traditional antivirulence strategies have largely focused on developing compounds that directly target microbial virulence factors or products to impair their ability to initiate and sustain infection. As virulence is linked to pathogen fitness, simply targeting a virulence factor may not be sufficient to overcome the ability of pathogens evolving resistance. In this review, I discuss co-operative defenses that hosts have evolved to promote antivirulence mechanisms that suppress pathogen virulence without having a negative impact on pathogen fitness. I also discuss the different definitions antivirulence has been assigned over the years and suggest a more holistic one. Co-operative defenses remain an underexplored resource in medicine, and by learning from how hosts have evolved to promote antivirulence, we have the potential to develop disease defense interventions without the risk of pathogens developing drug resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102472"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142396230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolism and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment","authors":"Hannah Yang , Chan Kim , Weiping Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2024.102491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the primary subset of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Exhibiting both phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, TAMs play distinct roles in tumor initiation, progression, and responses to therapy in patients with cancer. In response to various immune and metabolic cues within the TME, TAMs dynamically alter their metabolic profiles to adapt. Changes in glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism in TAMs, as well as their interaction with oncometabolites, not only sustain their energy demands but also influence their impact on tumor immune responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic reprogramming of TAMs and their orchestration of metabolic processes can offer insights for the development of novel cancer immunotherapies targeting TAMs. Here, we discuss how metabolism reprograms macrophages in the TME and review clinical trials aiming to normalize metabolic alterations in TAMs and alleviate TAM-mediated immune suppression and protumor activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102491"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}