Sebastien Apcher , Borek Vojtesek , Robin Fahraeus
{"title":"In search of the cell biology for self- versus non-self- recognition","authors":"Sebastien Apcher , Borek Vojtesek , Robin Fahraeus","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several of today’s cancer treatments are based on the immune system’s capacity to detect and destroy cells expressing neoantigens on major histocompatibility class-I molecules (MHC-I). Despite this, we still do not know the cell biology behind how antigenic peptide substrates (APSs) for the MHC-I pathway are produced. Indeed, there are few research fields with so many divergent views as the one concerning the source of APSs. This is quite remarkable considering their fundamental role in the immune systems’ capacity to detect and destroy virus-infected or transformed cells. A better understanding of the processes generating APSs and how these are regulated will shed light on the evolution of self-recognition and provide new targets for therapeutic intervention. We discuss the search for the elusive source of MHC-I peptides and highlight the cell biology that is still missing to explain how they are synthesised and where they come from.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9934144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visualising tapasin- and TAPBPR-assisted editing of major histocompatibility complex class-I immunopeptidomes","authors":"Andy van Hateren , Tim Elliott","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Which peptides are selected for presentation by major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) molecules is a key determinant of successful immune responses. Peptide selection is co-ordinated by the tapasin and TAP Binding PRotein (TAPBPR) proteins, which ensure MHC-I molecules preferentially acquire high-affinity-binding peptides. New structural analyses have offered insight into how tapasin achieves this function within the peptide-loading complex (PLC) (comprising the Transporter associated with Antigen Presentation (TAP) peptide transporter, tapasin–ERp57, MHC-I and calreticulin), and how TAPBPR performs a peptide editing function independently of other molecules. The new structures reveal nuances in how tapasin and TAPBPR interact with MHC-I, and how calreticulin and ERp57 complement tapasin to exploit the plasticity of MHC-I molecules to achieve peptide editing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent progress in type 1 classical dendritic cell cross-presentation - cytosolic, vacuolar, or both?","authors":"Ray A Ohara, Kenneth M Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Type 1 classical dendritic cells (cDC1s) have emerged as the major antigen-presenting cell performing cross-presentation (XP) <em>in vivo</em>, but the antigen-processing pathway in this cell remains obscure. Two competing models for <em>in vivo</em><span> XP of cell-associated antigens by cDC1 include a vacuolar pathway and cytosolic pathway. A vacuolar pathway relies on directing antigens captured in vesicles toward a class I major histocompatibility complex<span> loading compartment independently of cytosolic entry. Alternate proposals invoke phagosomal rupture, either constitutive or triggered by spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) signaling in response to C-type lectin domain family 9 member A (CLEC9A) engagement, that releases antigens into the cytosol for proteasomal degradation. The Beige and Chediak–Higashi (BEACH) protein WD repeat- and FYVE domain-containing protein 4 (WDFY4) is strictly required for XP of cell-associated antigens </span></span><em>in vivo</em>. However, the cellular mechanism for WDFY4 activity remains unknown and its requirement in XP <em>in vivo</em> is currently indifferent regarding the vacuolar versus cytosolic pathways. Here, we review the current status of these models and discuss the need for future investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne M Macy , Lauren M Herrmann , Anngela C Adams , K Taraszka Hastings
{"title":"Major histocompatibility complex class II in the tumor microenvironment: functions of nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells","authors":"Anne M Macy , Lauren M Herrmann , Anngela C Adams , K Taraszka Hastings","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Major histocompatibility complex class-II-restricted presentation by nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells in the </span>tumor microenvironment can regulate antitumor T-cell responses. In murine models, tumor cell-specific MHC class II expression decreases </span><em>in vivo</em><span><span> tumor growth, dependent on T cells. Tumor cell-specific MHC class II expression is associated with improved survival and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in human cancers. Antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts (apCAF) present MHC class-II-restricted antigens and activate </span>CD4 T cells<span><span>. The role of MHC class II on apCAFs depends on the cell of origin. MHC class II on tumoral lymphatic endothelial cells leads to expansion of </span>regulatory T cells and increased </span></span><em>in vivo</em> tumor growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10524529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9944046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TAP-ing into the cross-presentation secrets of dendritic cells","authors":"Kristel Joy Yee Mon , J. Magarian Blander","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Viral blockade of the transporter associated with antigen processing<span> (TAP) diminishes surface and endosomal recycling compartment levels of major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) in dendritic cells (DCs), and compromises both classical MHC-I presentation and canonical cross-presentation during infection to impair CD8 T-cell immunity. Virus-specific CD8 T cells are thought to be cross-primed mostly by uninfected TAP-sufficient DCs through cross-presentation of viral peptides from internalized virus-infected dying cells. The dilemma is that CD8 T cells primed to TAP-dependent viral peptides are mismatched to the TAP-independent epitopes presented on tissues infected with immune-evasive viruses. Noncanonical cross-presentation in DCs overcomes cell-intrinsic TAP blockade to nevertheless prime protective TAP-independent CD8 T cells best-matched against the infection. Exploitation of noncanonical cross-presentation may prevent chronic infections with immune-evasive viruses. It may also control immune-evasive cancers that have downmodulated TAP expression.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9940198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shweta Mahajan , Michiel Bongaerts , Jose Hardillo , Anna Tsang , Kwok W Lo , Dian Kortleve , Brigette Ma , Reno Debets
{"title":"Transcriptomics of Epstein–Barr virus aids to the classification of T-cell evasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","authors":"Shweta Mahajan , Michiel Bongaerts , Jose Hardillo , Anna Tsang , Kwok W Lo , Dian Kortleve , Brigette Ma , Reno Debets","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) contributes to oncogenesis and immune evasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). At present, an aggregated, higher-level view on the impact of EBV genes toward the immune microenvironment of NPC is lacking. To this end, we have interrogated tumor-derived RNA sequences of 106 treatment-naive NPC patients for 98 EBV transcripts, and captured the presence of 10 different immune cell populations as well as 23 different modes of T-cell evasion. We discovered 3 clusters of EBV genes that each associate with distinct immunophenotypes of NPC. Cluster 1 associated with gene sets related to immune cell recruitment, such as those encoding for chemoattractants and their receptors. Cluster 2 associated with antigen processing and presentation, such as interferon-related genes, whereas cluster 3 associated with presence of M1-like macrophages, absence of CD4+ T cells, and oncogenic pathways, such as the nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B-cell pathway. We discuss these 3 EBV clusters regarding their potential for stratification for T-cell immunity in NPC together with the next steps needed to validate such therapeutic value.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9945988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of mouse dendritic cell subsets in priming naive CD4 T cells","authors":"Naoya Tatsumi , Yosuke Kumamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that consist of developmentally, phenotypically, and functionally distinct subsets. Following immunization, each subset of cDCs acquires the antigen and presents it to CD4T (CD4<sup>+</sup><span><span> T (cells)) cells with distinct spatiotemporal kinetics in the secondary lymphoid organs, often causing multiple waves of </span>antigen presentation to CD4T cells. Here, we review the current understanding of the kinetics of antigen presentation by each cDC subset and its functional consequences in priming naive CD4T cells, and discuss its implications in the differentiation of CD4T cells.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10524374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren E Bird , Laura E Edgington-Mitchell , Hayley J Newton
{"title":"Eat, prey, love: Pathogen-mediated subversion of lysosomal biology","authors":"Lauren E Bird , Laura E Edgington-Mitchell , Hayley J Newton","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mammalian lysosome<span> is classically considered the 'garbage can' of the cell, contributing to clearance of infection through its primary function as a degradative organelle. Intracellular pathogens have evolved several strategies to evade contact with this harsh environment through subversion of endolysosomal trafficking or escape into the cytosol. Pathogens can also manipulate pathways that lead to lysosomal biogenesis or alter the abundance or activity of lysosomal content. This pathogen-driven subversion of lysosomal biology is highly dynamic and depends on a range of factors, including cell type, stage of infection, intracellular niche and pathogen load. The growing body of literature in this field highlights the nuanced and complex relationship between intracellular pathogens and the host lysosome, which is critical for our understanding of infection biology.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10317715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanover C Matz , Katherine M McIntire , Ali H Ellebedy
{"title":"‘Persistent germinal center responses: slow-growing trees bear the best fruits’","authors":"Hanover C Matz , Katherine M McIntire , Ali H Ellebedy","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Germinal centers (GCs) are key microanatomical sites in </span>lymphoid organs where responding B cells mature and undergo affinity-based selection. The duration of the GC reaction has long been assumed to be relatively brief, but recent studies in humans, nonhuman primates, and mice indicate that GCs can last for weeks to months after initial antigen exposure. This review examines recent studies investigating the factors that influence GC duration, including antigen persistence, T-follicular helper cells, and mode of immunization. Potential mechanisms for how persistent GCs influence the B-cell repertoire are considered. Overall, these studies provide a blueprint for how to design better vaccines that elicit persistent GC responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10185683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PANoptosome signaling and therapeutic implications in infection: central role for ZBP1 to activate the inflammasome and PANoptosis","authors":"Rajendra Karki , Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti","doi":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coi.2023.102348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The innate immune response provides the first line of defense against infection and disease. Regulated cell death (RCD) is a key component of innate immune activation, and RCD must be tightly controlled to clear pathogens while preventing excess inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted a central role for the innate immune sensor Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) as an activator of a form of inflammatory RCD called PANoptosis, which is regulated by a multifaceted cell death complex called the PANoptosome. In response to influenza A virus infection, ZBP1 activates the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which then acts as an integral component of the ZBP1-PANoptosome to drive inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis. In this context, the NLRP3 inflammasome is critical for caspase-1 activation and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 maturation, but dispensable for cell death due to functional redundancies between PANoptosome molecules. Similarly, ZBP1 is also central to the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-PANoptosome; this PANoptosome forms in response to <em>Francisella novicida</em> and herpes simplex virus 1 infection and incorporates the AIM2 inflammasome as an integral component. In this review, we will discuss the critical roles of ZBP1 in mediating innate immune responses through inflammasomes, PANoptosomes, and PANoptosis during infection. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of innate immunity and cell death will be essential for the development of targeted modalities that can improve patient outcomes by mitigating severe disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11361,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9997487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}