Domestic animal endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Alpha-synuclein expression in anterior pituitary cells of aged cattle","authors":"Yvan Bienvenu Niyonzima,&nbsp;Denis Karani Wanjiru,&nbsp;Yuuki Asato,&nbsp;Hiroya Kadokawa","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anterior pituitary (AP) gland must function properly for homeostasis and fertility; however, aging suppresses AP function via unclear mechanisms. α-synuclein is a protein encoded by the <em>SNCA</em> gene. Its monomers aggregate to the fibril form, which causes brain disease as age advances. Importantly, fibril α-synuclein propagates among neurons akin to prions. Recently, we discovered α-synuclein expression in oxytocin neurons and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in bovine hypothalamus. However, whether α-synuclein propagates into gonadotrophs remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that α-synuclein expression in AP glands of aged cows is different from that of healthy heifers. We analyzed mRNA and protein levels and performed fluorescent immunohistochemistry for luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, GnRH receptor, and α-synuclein, followed by confocal microscopy with Congo red staining to detect amyloid deposits. Presence of synuclein was confirmed in AP tissues by both mRNA and protein levels in both heifers and old cows. Western blots showed several bands of α-synuclein, probably reflecting monomer, dimer, and oligomers, in the AP tissues of both heifers and old cows. Confocal microscopy revealed that most gonadotrophs were positive for both α-synuclein and Congo red in the old group, but not in the young group. In addition, α-synuclein expression was detected in the immortalized gonadotrophs, LβT2 cells, and in the majority of aged bovine corticotrophs, lactotrophs, somatotrophs, and thyrotrophs. In conclusion, the majority of gonadotrophs and other AP cell types were positive for α-synuclein and amyloid deposits in the old group, but not in the young group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 106936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current understanding of insulin dysregulation and its relationship with carbohydrate and protein metabolism in horses","authors":"C.M.M. Loos ,&nbsp;K.L. Urschel","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insulin dysregulation (ID) is a common metabolic disorder in horses, characterized by hyperinsulinemia and/or peripheral insulin resistance. The critical role of hyperinsulinemia in endocrinopathic laminitis has driven research into the insulinotropic effects of dietary nutrients and the reciprocal impact of ID on nutrient metabolism. The relationship between ID and carbohydrate metabolism has been extensively studied; however, the effects of ID on protein metabolism in horses remain largely unexplored. This review begins with an overview of the importance of insulin in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis and degradation and then examines the current understanding of the interplay between ID and protein and carbohydrate metabolism in horses. Horses with ID exhibit altered resting plasma amino acid concentrations and shifts in postprandial amino acid dynamics. Recent work illustrated that ID horses had higher levels of plasma amino acids following a protein meal and delayed postprandial clearance from the blood compared to non-ID horses. The postprandial muscle synthetic response does not seem to be diminished in ID horses, but alterations in key cellular signaling molecules have been reported. ID horses display a pronounced hyperinsulinemic response following the consumption of feeds providing a range of protein, non-structural carbohydrate, starch and water-soluble carbohydrate intakes. Recent studies have shown that ID horses have an increased postprandial incretin response, contributing to the observed hyperinsulinemia. To minimize the postprandial insulin response, thresholds for carbohydrate consumption have recently been proposed. Similar thresholds should be established for protein to aid in the refinement of nutritional strategies to manage ID horses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 106940"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression pattern of sex steroid hormone receptors in the adult male rabbit brain","authors":"Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo ,&nbsp;Karina Hernández-Ortega ,&nbsp;Karla Mariana Peña-Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Laura Noemi Hernández-Lúa ,&nbsp;Beatriz Arantxa Castro-Reyes ,&nbsp;Gabriela González-Mariscal","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) are crucial for reproduction and are pivotal in several vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) functions. These hormones act by binding to their corresponding receptors, including those intracellularly located, such as progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), and androgen receptor, which in this manuscript we named testosterone receptor (TR). The expression pattern of these receptors in the rabbit male brain is unknown. We studied PR, ER, and TR expression at mRNA and protein levels in several intact adult male brain regions by RT-qPCR and Western blot. We found the highest PR mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex (PC) and the preoptic area (POA). PR protein content (110 kDa) was similar in all the analyzed brain regions. Maximum ERα mRNA levels were found in the mesencephalon (MSC) compared with the scarce levels presented in POA and cerebellum (CER). The two leading ERα bands (54 and 66 kDa) showed comparable content among analyzed brain regions, except in the olfactory bulb (OB). Considerable TR mRNA levels were found in the analyzed brain areas except in CER. TR protein (110 kDa) content was also high in MSC. The CER showed the lowest PR, ERα, and TR mRNA levels, but the corresponding protein contents were similar to those of different areas. These data reflect regional variability in the expression of sex steroid hormone receptors in the adult male rabbit brain. They constitute the basis for defining the distribution pattern of these receptors in the rabbit brain; in addition, they would allow comparisons to be made with reports of the expression of these receptors in female rabbit brains and the search for understanding their role in rabbits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 106922"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of cholesterol and ketone bodies in early stages of bovine cystic ovarian disease development","authors":"FM Rodríguez ,&nbsp;ML Cattaneo Moreyra ,&nbsp;NC Gareis ,&nbsp;GJ Hein ,&nbsp;E Angeli ,&nbsp;AF Stassi ,&nbsp;HH Ortega ,&nbsp;NR Salvetti ,&nbsp;F Rey","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystic ovarian disease (COD), characterized by the presence of persistent follicles, is a major cause of subfertility in dairy cows. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of receptors and enzymes involved in ketone body metabolism, cholesterol regulation, and steroidogenesis within ovarian follicular cells at different stages of persistence. The study was conducted in a model of follicular persistence induced by prolonged progesterone administration in dairy cows, and in cows diagnosed with spontaneous COD. The protein levels of key components, including HMG-CoA reductase, mitochondrial HMG-CoA (mHMG-CoA) synthase, SCOT, LDL-R, SRB-1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, StAR, and 3βHSD, was assessed in follicles through immunohistochemistry. Additionally, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol concentrations in follicular fluid and plasma were measured using a biochemical autoanalyzer, while β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels were evaluated with reactive strips. Results showed that protein levels of SRB-1 and LDL-R in granulosa cells was higher in cows in late stages of follicular persistence and COD cows than in the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, mHMG-CoA synthase, HMG-CoA reductase and SCOT revealed an opposite pattern (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In granulosa cells, CYP19A1 levels were lower in follicles with 5 days of persistence than in control follicles and 3βHSD levels were higher in late stages of persistence than in controls. These alterations evidenced an imbalance in relevant components of lipid metabolism and steroidogenesis. Changes observed in late persistence or cyst would be a consequence of follicular persistence contributing to subfertility in cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 106945"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of selenium and zinc nanoparticles supplementations on testicular blood flow, semen, and reproductive hormones in Egyptian native goats subjected to ambient heat stress","authors":"Mohammed S. NasrEldeen ,&nbsp;Refaat S.A. Ragab ,&nbsp;Amal M. Aboelmaaty ,&nbsp;Eltaher M. Saudi","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For exploring the protective effects of selenium (SeNPs) and zinc (ZnNP) nanoparticles on testicular blood flow, morphometry, oxidants-antioxidant status, reproductive hormones, and blood biochemicals of goats subjected to heat stress, bucks (<em>n</em>=15) were equally divided into control, ZnNP (50.0 mg/animal), and SeNPs (0.57 mg/animal) groups. Bucks were supplemented daily for seven weeks during summer. The testicular artery diameter, PSV, EDV, TAMV, Mean V, RI, PI, BFV, testicle length, width, height, epididymal length, and width were determined. Blood samples were collected for measuring LH, testosterone and estradiol, zinc, selenium, NO, MDA, SOD, TAC, CAT, total proteins, albumin, AST, and ALT. Results indicated that testicular volume, mediastinum testes, height, epididymal tail length, and width increased (P&lt;0.0001) in animals supplemented with ZnNPs. Testicular (P&lt;0.05) and epididymal tail (P&lt;0.01) width increased during the supplementation. SeNPs and ZnNPs decreased (P&lt;0.0001) the testicular artery diameter and increased PSV (P&lt;0.05), and V Mean (P&lt;0.01). ZnNPs increased TAMV (P&lt;0.05) and BFV (P&lt;0.01). RI (P&lt;0.01), PI (P&lt;0.05), and BFV (P&lt;0.01) decreased after withdrawing supplementation associated with increased (P&lt;0.05) testicular artery diameter. Sperm mass and individual motility, live sperm %, sperm cell concentration, and SPMI Improved (P&lt;0.0001) in ZnNPs and SeNPs groups during and after the supplementation. ZnNPs and SeNPs decreased CAT (P&lt;0.0001) and testosterone with increasing SOD (P&lt;0.05), globulin, and ALT. SeNPs increased (P&lt;0.0001) estradiol and LH. In conclusion, ZnNPs or SeNPs improved the semen parameters during heat stress by modulating testicular blood flow, testicular thermoregulatory mechanism, and antioxidant status, proving nontoxic to the liver and kidneys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 106941"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the expression pattern of genes affecting the growth and development of mammary tissue in pregnant Saanen goats in response to dietary fats","authors":"Reza Masoudi ,&nbsp;Nader Asadzadeh ,&nbsp;Hasan Sadeghipanah ,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Seyedabadi ,&nbsp;Saeed Smaeilkhanian ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Banabazi ,&nbsp;Alireza Ebadi Tabrizi ,&nbsp;Hoda Javaheri Barfourooshi","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The period from mid-pregnancy to term is a pivotal phase for the growth and development of the mammary glands. Diets containing unsaturated fat may also influence this process.</div><div>This study examined the effects of saturated and unsaturated fat supplements on mammary gland growth in Saanen goats. Forty goats were divided into four groups: C- (negative control, no added fat), <em>C</em>+ (positive control, saturated palm oil), SB (Omega-6, roasted soybean), and FS (Omega-3, extruded flaxseed). Blood parameters, histological data, and the expression of genes related to mammary tissue growth and apoptosis were examined. Our findings showed that the C- group had the highest (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) serum insulin and lowest (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations compared with the other groups. Serum cortisol concentration was lower (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) in the <em>C</em>+ group than in the C- and SB groups. Blood glucose concentration was lower (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) in the FS group compared to the C- and <em>C</em>+ groups. The total serum cholesterol concentration was lower (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) in the C- group than in the <em>C</em>+ and SB groups. The percentage of epithelial cells was higher (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) in the FS group, while the percentage of stroma was higher in the <em>C</em>+ group. Additionally, the SB group's alveolar, epithelial, and luminal areas were higher (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) than those in the other groups. The expression of the Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 <em>(IGFBP-5)</em> was the highest for the FS group (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). However, the expression of Insulin-like growth factor-I, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (<em>IGFBP-3</em>), Bcl-2 associated X protein (<em>Bax</em>), B-cell lymphoma-2 (<em>Bcl-2</em>), Tumor necrosis factor-α (<em>TNF-α</em>), and the <em>Bax/Bcl-2</em> ratio did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, providing goats with flaxseed during mid-pregnancy can promote mammary epithelial cell growth and development, prolong the lifespan, delay apoptosis, and sustain milk production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 106943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"17β-estradiol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and pyroptosis of Leydig cells of the domestic yak (Bos grunniens) via the SIRT1/Nox4/ROS pathway","authors":"Junyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Yanmei Yang ,&nbsp;Lin He ,&nbsp;Chongfa Yang ,&nbsp;Yahua Yang ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Wen He ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Niu ,&nbsp;Zhou Chen ,&nbsp;Songming Hu ,&nbsp;Jin'e Wang ,&nbsp;Yingpai Zhaxi ,&nbsp;Shengdong Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estradiol (E2) secreted by Leydig cells (LCs) can accumulate in the testes due to constriction of the reproductive lumen. Estrogen is not only important for reproduction, but also protects against inflammation. In this study, the role of pyroptosis in testicular inflammation and the effects of E2 against inflammation and pyroptosis of yak interstitial cells were investigated. Inflamed testes exhibited structural damage and pyroptosis with decreased E2, testosterone, and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) levels in testicular fluid. E2 alone inhibited testosterone secretion and increased ERβ expression in mature LCs. In LCs, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes inflammation by activation of TNF-α and IL-6, and pyroptosis via activation of the classical and non-classical pyroptosis pathways. LPS inhibits sex hormone secretion and ERβ expression in LCs. E2 inhibited the LPS-induced decrease of ER expression in LCs and also inhibited LPS-induced interstitial cell inflammation and pyroptosis, which was partially blocked by Selisistat (EX-527, SIRT1 inhibitor) or Fulvestrant (ICI 182,780, E2 non-genomic receptor inhibitors). In conclusion, E2 relieved LPS-induced inflammation and pyroptosis of yak LCs via the SIRT1/Nox4/ROS pathway. This finding provides new insights into the role of estrogen in male reproductive health and offers a potential therapeutic strategy to improve testicular immune and reproductive function by modulating hormonal homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 106906"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing cervical penetrability in sheep by long-acting treatments with oxytocin (Carbetocin) and/or prostaglandin E2 (Dinoprostone)","authors":"M. Rodríguez-Piñón ,&nbsp;D. Casuriaga ,&nbsp;G. García-Barcelo ,&nbsp;D. Fila ,&nbsp;J. Gil","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim was to study the effect of long-acting treatments with oxytocin (Carbetocin, Cb) and/or prostaglandin E2 (Dinoprostone, Dp) on cervical penetrability and collagenolysis in synchronized ewes (12 days MAP-eCG). At 42 h post eCG, ewes were treated with Cb (Group Cb, <em>n</em> = 6, 40 μg, i.m., Decomotón, Laboratorios Callier, Uruguay); Dp (Group Dp, <em>n</em> = 10, 10 mg, slow-release intravaginal device, Propess®, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Ltd., West Drayton, UK); combined Cb and Dp treatment (Group Cb+Dp, <em>n</em> = 8) and saline solution i.m. and a placebo intravaginal device (Group C, <em>n</em> = 10). Cervical penetrability increased from 0 h to 42 h post eCG (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.003) in all groups, then decrease in Group C (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.03) from 42 to 68 h post eCG, whereas remained unchanged in Groups Cb and Cb+Dp or increase at 54 h post eCG in Group Dp (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Thus, there was higher cervical penetrability in treated groups than Group C at the expected time of artificial insemination (54 h post eCG). At 54 h post eCG, collagen concentration was lower in Group Cb than in the others groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas the ratio between the activity of the activated and latent forms of MMP-2 was greater in Groups Cb and Cb+Dp than in Group C (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The increasing cervical penetrability induced by Cb, but not by Dp, could be explained by an increase in MMP-2-dependent collagen degradation. Furthermore, combined treatment with Cb and Dp did not enhance the effects induced by each hormone administered separately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 106920"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of GnRH administration on follicular development and ovulation during the early luteal phase in subtropical goats","authors":"Waqas Ahmad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Irfan-ur-Rehman Khan ,&nbsp;Amjad Riaz ,&nbsp;Khalid Javed","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the ovulatory response to GnRH treatment based on the day of its administration in the first follicular wave of the estrous cycle in goats. We hypothesized that maximum ovulatory response with GnRH treatment is dependent on the day of its administration during the early luteal phase of estrous cycle. Forty-eight goats were presynchronized with a single dose of PGF_2α, and ultrasonography was performed to confirm ovulation (Day 0). Following ovulation, goats (<em>n</em> = 38) were randomly assigned to receive GnRH treatment on Days 2, 4, 6, or 8 of the estrous cycle. Follicular dynamics were assessed every 4 h after GnRH treatment and 37% of goats ovulated within 12.0 ± 1.5 h after treatment. Ovulation rate was significantly higher on Day 4 compared to Day 2 (<em>P</em> = 0.03) and gradually declined by Day 8. Goats with dominant follicles with diameters between 6.1 and 7.0 mm had significantly higher ovulation rate than goats &lt; 6.1 mm (<em>P</em> = 0.01). A strong negative correlation was found between dominant follicle diameter at the time of GnRH administration and anovulation (r_pb = -0.79). The growth rate of dominant follicles after GnRH administration remained higher in Day 4 than Day 8 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Similarly, the interval to new follicular wave emergence was longer on Day 4 than on Days 2, 6 and 8 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, administering GnRH on Day 4 of the estrous cycle yielded the highest ovulatory response, particularly when the dominant follicle measured between 6.1-7.0 mm during the first follicular wave of estrous cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 106911"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor maternal nutrition during gestation in sheep alters key hormonal systems involved in energy homeostasis and appetite in the offspring","authors":"Nicole M. Tillquist,&nbsp;Kristen E. Govoni,&nbsp;Steven A. Zinn,&nbsp;Sarah A. Reed","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disturbances in maternal nutrient availability through increased or decreased abundance of specific or total nutrients during pre-natal development can have negative impacts on offspring growth. These changes are likely mediated, at least in part, by hormonal systems that control energy homeostasis and appetite. Regulation of insulin signaling is critical to ensuring appropriate glucose homeostasis. Poor maternal nutrition during gestation impacts circulating glucose and insulin concentration in both the dam and offspring, reducing circulating insulin and glucose in offspring of restricted-fed dams and increased circulating insulin and glucose in the offspring of over-fed dams. Leptin and ghrelin are key regulators of appetite and feed intake. Offspring of over-fed ewes often exhibit leptin resistance, which may lead to changes in adiposity. Leptin responses in offspring of restricted-fed ewes are not well defined, although restricted-fed ewes themselves exhibit decreased circulating leptin concentrations. Little is known about the effects of poor maternal nutrition on offspring ghrelin. Glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones are required for appropriate fetal development. Poor maternal nutrition during gestation alters the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and thyroid axes in the offspring, although the effects vary according to the type, duration, timing, and severity of the nutritional insult. The relationships between insulin, leptin, ghrelin, glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormones can result in synergistic effects, exacerbating negative outcomes for the offspring. The impacts of poor maternal nutrition are multi-faceted, and the resulting alterations in body composition can continue to impact hormone regulation beyond the initial insult caused by poor maternal nutrition during gestation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 106907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}