Impact of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed consumption on endocrine changes associated with intake regulation and post-absorptive metabolism in growing steers

Abstract

Fescue toxicosis is a syndrome occurring from the consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue and results in substantial economic losses to the beef industry primarily from reduced growth accompanied by decreased dry matter intake (DMI); however, the associations characterizing this reduction in DMI have yet to be elucidated. The objective of this experiment was to identify endocrine changes associated with intake regulation post-consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed (E+). Twelve Holstein steers were stratified by body weight and assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (n=4): 0 ppm ergovaline (ERV), 1.8 ppm ERV, or 2.7 ppm ERV. Treatments were achieved by combining differing proportions of ground E+ and non-endophyte-infected tall fescue seed. Steers were adapted to their diets for 7 d followed by a 7 d DMI collection period. Within treatment, steers were assigned to a sampling day (d 16 or d 17). Blood samples were collected every 20 min for 8 h, beginning 1 h before feeding. Intake data was analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) with treatment, day, and the interaction as fixed effects. Hormone and metabolite data were analyzed with the fixed effect of treatment, time, and the interaction including time as a repeated measure and orthogonal contrasts. Dry matter intake was linearly decreased with increasing ERV in the diet (P < 0.001). Insulin and leptin concentrations exhibited a quadratic effect (P = 0.018 and P = 0.005) with insulin concentrations highest for the 2.7 ppm treatment and leptin concentrations highest for the 1.8 ppm treatment. No differences were detected for active ghrelin or β-hydroxybuytrate concentrations among treatment groups. Further, steers consuming both the 1.8 and 2.7 ppm ERV treatments had lower prolactin concentrations compared to the 0 ppm treatment (quadratic, P = 0.019). Glucose concentrations had a tendency for a linear increase as ERV concentrations increased (P = 0.091). A treatment × time interaction (P = 0.002) was noted in NEFA concentrations, with the 1.8 ppm ERV treatment showing increased pre-feeding concentrations, and the 2.7 ppm ERV treatment exhibiting elevated NEFA concentrations as time post-feeding progressed. The results suggest that E+ consumption reduces intake likely through alterations in intake-related hormones and post-absorptive metabolism and contributes to our current understanding of E+ effects on intake reduction while providing avenues for future research.