Safety and efficacy assessment of a synthetic porcine recombinant corticotrophin for the ACTH stimulation test in healthy cats

Abstract

Porcine adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) has been considered valid for the ACTH stimulation test (ACTHST) in humans and dogs; however, its safety and efficacy for use in cats are unknown. Also, the equivalence between 5 µg/kg and 125 µg/cat dose of synthetic corticotropin (1-24 ACTH - cosyntropin/tetracosactide) is assumed for ACTHST in cats. This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of different porcine recombinant ACTH doses for the ACTHST in healthy cats and its equivalence with tetracosactide. The study was divided into two arms. The first evaluated safety and equivalence of intravenous 1 µg/kg, 5 µg/kg, or 125 µg/cat porcine ACTH in seven healthy cats for the ACTHST evaluating basal and post-ACTH androstenedione, aldosterone, cortisol, and progesterone concentrations. In the second arm, the equivalence of the 125 µg/cat porcine ACTH dose was evaluated compared to results obtained using 125 µg/cat of tetracosactide in ten healthy cats regarding cortisol responses. In all tests, several cat-friendly strategies were adopted, and the ACTHST protocol involved basal and 60-minute post-ACTH blood sampling and intravenous ACTH injection. No adverse reactions were documented, and no tested cat showed any complications during the study. No porcine ACTH tested dose significantly increased androstenedione secretion. In contrast, all tested doses were able to increase progesterone concentration significantly (P < 0.05), and Δ-progesterone in response to 5 µg/kg or 125 µg/cat was considered equivalent (P > 0.99). The 125 µg/cat dose promoted greater responses for both cortisol and aldosterone, characterized by Δ-cortisol (P = 0.009) and Δ-aldosterone (P = 0.004). Despite equivalent Δ-cortisol results in response to 5 µg/kg or 125 µg/cat (P = 0.18); post-ACTH results of cortisol in response to 5 µg/kg only approximate statistical significance when compared with basal (P = 0.07). Porcine ACTH and tetracosactide significantly increased post-ACTH cortisol concentration (P < 0.0001) while the Δ-cortisol was slightly greater in response to the porcine ACTH (P = 0.006). These results suggest porcine ACTH could be an alternative source of corticotropin for the ACTHST in cats; however, maximum corticoadrenal stimulation seemed more reliable in response to a 125 µg/cat regarding cortisol and aldosterone.