Diamond and Related Materials最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the effect of iodine treatment on the properties of mesophase pitch based carbon fibers","authors":"Khushboo Kumari ,&nbsp;Sonu Rani ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar ,&nbsp;Sanjay R. Dhakate ,&nbsp;Saroj Kumari","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of iodine treatment on the microstructure and morphology of inhomogeneous mesophase pitch fibers containing a substantial amount of isotropic fraction to overcome hardships like fusion and brittle texture due to heterogeneity in the pitch. Initially, iodine was incorporated into the pitch fibers at different steps: (1) pitch fibers-oxidation, (2) pitch fibers-iodination, (3) pitch fibers-oxidation-iodination, and (4) pitch fibers-iodination-oxidation. All modified pitch fibers were then carbonized at 1000 °C. The results show that the iodine treatment at different stages significantly affected the properties of carbon fibers, with the best outcome observed when iodination was performed before the oxidation step. However, carbon fibers obtained from oxidized pitch fibers modified with iodine show pores and defects on the surface. Raman, EDAX, EPR, and TGA analyses have been employed to analyze the iodine adsorption on pitch fibers. Furthermore, the exposure time for the iodination of pitch fibers before oxidation was varied to investigate the effect on polymerization in molecules with the iodine curing process. It was observed that 1.5 h exposure of iodine to pitch fiber before stabilization enriches the polymerization reaction and improves the mechanical properties. It results in providing more flexibility and handleability to the resultant carbon fiber.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112866"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Cu(OH)₂-AgNP@MWCNT nanocomposite by systematically layering onto a glassy carbon substrate and application as an electrochemical sensor for the analysis of antidiabetic agent metformin","authors":"Abdollah Yari,&nbsp;Shokooh Bahrami","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel electrode was engineered by systematically layering a Cu(OH)₂-AgNP@MWCNT nanocomposite onto a glassy carbon substrate. The Cu(OH)₂-AgNP@MWCNT electrode is a sensitive electrochemical sensor designed for the selective detection of metformin, a drug approved by the FDA, primarily used for managing high blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is applicable in both clinical and pharmaceutical environments. The characterization of the components was performed utilizing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). All electrochemical assessments were conducted utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electroactive surface area (ECSA) of the working electrode was determined, measuring 0.574 cm² compared to just 0.127 cm² for the unmodified electrode, suggesting greater efficiency and enhanced performance. The sensor exhibited two linear responses for metformin concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 2.0 μM and 2.0 to 100 μM, with limits of detections (LODs) established at 0.014 and 1.52 μM, respectively, and was successfully applied to the determination of metformin in real samples, yielding satisfactory results. The newly developed electrode's performance was evaluated in comparison to the HPLC method using a statistical F-test (<em>P</em> = 0.01). The findings demonstrated that the recovery rates from both methods were comparable and highlighted that the electrode's precision in response actually provides better accuracy than the HPLC technique for analyzing metformin in samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112867"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient hydrothermal synthesis of carbon dots from argan cake and their applications","authors":"Noumane Elouakassi ,&nbsp;Abdelmajid Almaggoussi ,&nbsp;Corneliu S. Stan ,&nbsp;Marcel Popa ,&nbsp;Larbi Belachemi ,&nbsp;Jaafar Ghanbaja ,&nbsp;Hamid Kaddami","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Argan cake-based fluorescent carbon dots (CDs-CA) were successfully synthesized by a simple, environmentally friendly, one-step hydrothermal method at 180 °C for 12 h, using argan waste as a biobased precursor. The CDs obtained show intense blue fluorescence under 365 nm UV light. Several structural characterization techniques, including EDX, FTIR, electrokinetic titration, and NMR spectroscopy, were employed to study their chemical structures and identify the functional groups. The thermal properties of the CDs-CA were evaluated by TGA. TEM analysis confirmed their nanometric size, with an average size of 4.64 nm. Furthermore, the UV–vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) analysis were used to investigate the optical properties. These later showed an excitation-dependent PL behavior. Additionally, the fluorescence lifetime exhibits two decay time constants (τ₁ = 4.56 ns and τ₂ = 9.94 ns), and the average value (τ_avg = 11.40 ns) suggests that surface functional groups primarily govern the emission. The synthesized CDs-CA were incorporated into PVA to form nanocomposite films (PVA@CDs-CA), which exhibited excellent mechanical properties at 2 wt% of CDs-CA. The CDs-CA were successfully applied in three areas. Firstly, as inks that are invisible to normal light but fluoresce under UV light, demonstrating their high potential for anti-counterfeiting applications, particularly in sensitive documents such as passports and banknotes. Then, as high-performance UV-blocking PVA nanocomposite films with a sun protection factor exceeding 50, while maintaining over 82 % visible transmittance. Finally, as a downshifting layer on silicon solar cells, it improves energy conversion efficiency from 11.45 % to 12.21 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112861"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The enhanced vertical heat transfer based on diamond/SiC ceramic composite substrates with TSV","authors":"Jiaxuan Wang,&nbsp;Li Gou","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the high heat flux environment in 3D package integration, diamond films were grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) on a 6H-SiC ceramic substrate to obtain diamond/SiC ceramic composite with high thermal conductivity. Three-layer gradient film of diamond/graphite/graphene grown in the TSV effectively improved heat transfer performance. The overall thermal conductivity of diamond/SiC ceramic composite was 348.9 W/(m·K) measured by laser flash analysis (LFA). About 14.8 % vol diamond could reach an increase of 109.4 % in thermal conductivity, while actual heat transfer performance of diamond/SiC ceramic composite with Through-Substrate Vias (TSVs) increased by 17.1 % compared to SiC ceramic substrates. So diamond/SiC ceramic composite with TSVs could be a novel ceramic package substrates to provide a new strategy and idea for package with improved heat dissipation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112856"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid solvent-free synthesis of carbon dots with yellow to red emission for LED spectral conversion","authors":"Reza Umami ,&nbsp;Fitri Aulia Permatasari ,&nbsp;Siti Fadilah ,&nbsp;Ea Cahya Septia Mahen ,&nbsp;Azzania Fibriani ,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Hirano ,&nbsp;Takashi Ogi ,&nbsp;Ferry Iskandar","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A rapid and solvent-free, microwave-assisted strategy was developed to synthesize carbon dots (CDs) exhibiting intrinsic yellow-to-red emission, enabling their direct use in LED spectral conversion. Remarkably, this green approach enables the formation of yellow to red emissive CDs within approximately 1 min, without the use of any solvents, highlighting a highly sustainable and time-efficient route compared to conventional wet-chemical methods. The thermal treatment yielded CDs with diverse nitrogen and oxygen surface groups, producing separable emissive fractions. Yellow and red-emitting (y-CDs and r-CDs) were isolated from a single synthetic batch via centrifugation, driven by surface polarity. Graphitic-N emerged as the key configuration modulating the emission redshift, supported by both structural and computational analyses. The r-CDs exhibited broader lattice fringes (∼0.31 nm) and approximately twice the graphitic-N and pyridinic-N content compared to y-CDs (∼0.21 nm), which contained higher oxygen levels and pyrrolic-N dominance. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations revealed that only graphitic-N significantly narrows the HOMO–LUMO gap, inducing a shift in emission spectra. Dipole moment and electrophilicity index calculations provided mechanistic insight into polarity-driven separation of the emissive fractions. When embedded into transparent polymer matrices, the CDs demonstrated moderate photostability and enabled efficient yellow, red, and white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The white LED exhibited CIE coordinates of (0.312, 0.353), CRI of 88, and a CCT of 6376 K, producing bright, cool-white light. This work establishes a rapid, green synthesis platform for broad-spectrum emissive CDs, elucidates a mechanistic framework for nitrogen-driven emission tuning and polarity-based separation, and expands the analytical potential of carbon-based fluorophores for spectral conversion and fluorescence-based sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112859"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twin-free (111) single-crystal diamond heteroepitaxially grown on (1-102) sapphire substrate","authors":"Taemyung Kwak ,&nbsp;Seolyoung Oh ,&nbsp;Yoonseok Nam ,&nbsp;Hyeonu Kang ,&nbsp;Geunho Yoo ,&nbsp;Okhyun Nam","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report, for the first time, the successful heteroepitaxial growth of twin-free single-crystal (111) diamond on the r-plane (1-102) α-Al₂O₃ (sapphire) substrate. Through a comparative study with (111) diamond grown on a c-plane (0001) sapphire substrate, it is demonstrated that the suppression of twin domain formation on the r-plane originates from its one-fold in-plane symmetry. X-ray diffraction φ-azimuthal scans and pole figure analyses confirm the single-domain growth of (111) diamond on the r-plane sapphire, whereas twinned (111) domains are formed on the c-plane sapphire, reflecting its underlying trigonal symmetry, which results in unequal intensities of the twin domains. A 21.5 μm-thick (111) diamond template grown on the r-plane substrate exhibited excellent crystallinity, with X-ray rocking curve full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of 0.55° and 0.23° for the (111) and (311) planes, respectively. These results suggest a viable pathway for the fabrication of twin-free, high-quality free-standing (111) diamond substrates, enabling advanced power and quantum devices, and opening the possibility for hybrid integration with III-nitride semiconductors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112857"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing photocatalytic efficiency and hydrogen production through oxygen-defective g-C3N4/Fe2O3 composites","authors":"K. Ashok ,&nbsp;P. Rosaiah ,&nbsp;Dhanalakshmi Radhalayam ,&nbsp;Fatimah Ali M. Al-Zahrani ,&nbsp;Maduru Suneetha","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic hydrogen production and organic pollutant degradation offer promising solutions to global energy and environmental challenges. In this work, we report a facile thermal pyrolysis synthesis of an oxygen-deficient g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃ (CN/FeO) composite, which exhibits superior photocatalytic performance. The optimized CN/FeO-2 sample achieved 89.9 % degradation efficiency for crystal violet (CV) dye and a hydrogen evolution rate of 423 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, which are 1.4 and 2.92 times higher than pristine g-C₃N₄, respectively. The enhanced activity is attributed to improved visible-light absorption, increased surface area, and efficient charge separation induced by oxygen vacancies. Further enhancement was realized by Pt loading, yielding a 6.2-fold increase in H₂ production. Structural, optical, and electrochemical analyses—including PL, EIS, and EPR—confirmed reduced electron-hole recombination and enhanced interfacial charge transfer. The composite also demonstrated good stability and recyclability, making it a promising candidate for solar-driven photocatalytic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112851"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity optimization for lock-in detection in nitrogen-vacancy center-based magnetic sensing using resonance frequency tracking method","authors":"Yaowu Lei ,&nbsp;Feng Zhou ,&nbsp;Dong Li ,&nbsp;Dezhi Chen ,&nbsp;Haoliang Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Li ,&nbsp;Zihao Ouyang ,&nbsp;Yuhao Li ,&nbsp;Chen Zuo ,&nbsp;Junchang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds, known for their exceptional sensitivity, spatial resolution, and temperature adaptability, exhibit excellent magnetic field sensing capabilities. To address the time-consuming feature of the frequency-sweeping method, the resonance frequency tracking (RFT) method, based on lock-in detection, has been proposed and widely employed for real-time magnetic field measurements. To further improve the accuracy of this method, this study reports a sensitivity optimization strategy designed to minimize the fluorescence shot-noise-limited sensitivity and the magnetic noise sensitivity. Specifically, based on an all-fiber optical lock-in detection system, we investigate the coupling effects between laser power and microwave power on the fluorescence shot-noise sensitivity and the impact of modulation parameters of lock-in detection on the magnetic noise sensitivity. Furthermore, both simulation and experimental approaches are employed to investigate the mechanisms for optimizing magnetic noise sensitivity under the influence of hyperfine coupling induced by the ¹⁴N isotope. These results provide concrete sensitivity optimization measures for lock-in detection systems using the RFT method, which can be extended to other lock-in detection applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112832"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of laser irradiation on the microstructure and properties of PAN-based carbon fiber during graphitization","authors":"Forthan Umba Mikombe ,&nbsp;Yunxia Ye ,&nbsp;Zhao Yuan ,&nbsp;Yiming Han ,&nbsp;Liping Shi ,&nbsp;Xudong Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fibers (CF) with highly ordered graphitic structure are in demand for various applications. This study introduces fiber laser graphitization that offers a novel approach to enhance the properties of carbon fibers by utilizing precise laser irradiation to induce graphitization of PAN-based carbon fibers. The structural and mechanical properties changes were assessed through different detection and characterization techniques. Upon graphitization at different laser powers, Raman spectra revealed graphitic order features and a significantly increased degree of graphitization. The structural analysis showed an increase in both the out-of-plane (Lc) and in-plane (La) crystallinity, along with the preferred orientation of crystallites in the axial fiber directions. The surface morphology revealed a rough structure attributed to the fast energy supply from the laser power. The HRTEM lattice-fringe showed the growth of graphene layers and the rearrangement of graphite lamellar. The increase in tensile modulus was attributed to changes in crystalline size that outlined the rearrangement and the tensile strength decreased due to both residual stresses and structural defects that were introduced during processing. This research highlights fiber laser as a method to develop carbon fibers with a microstructure that is ultimately beneficial to achieve enhanced mechanical properties while also achieving a high degree of graphitization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112855"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochar-derived activated carbon from chenopodium botrys for dual applications in dye removal and energy storage","authors":"Selma Ekinci ,&nbsp;Erhan Onat ,&nbsp;Abdulkadir Levent ,&nbsp;Ramazan Astan","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the synthesis of activated carbon from <em>Chenopodium botrys</em> biomass through two approaches: direct chemical activation (Cb-AC) and a two-step route involving hydrothermal pretreatment followed by chemical activation (Cb-HC-AC). Structural characterization confirmed that hydrothermal pretreatment introduced abundant oxygen functional groups and facilitated mesopore development. In methylene blue (MB) adsorption experiments, Cb-HC-AC exhibited a maximum capacity of 140.83 mg/g, significantly higher than that of Cb-AC (77.15 mg/g). Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, while isotherm and thermodynamic analyses revealed that adsorption on Cb-HC-AC was endothermic and entropy-driven, in contrast to the exothermic behavior of Cb-AC. Furthermore, Cb-HC-AC demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance as a supercapacitor electrode, achieving a specific capacitance of 441 F/g at 0.2 A/g, 93 % retention after 5000 cycles, and an energy density of 16.94 Wh/kg. These results introduce <em>C. botrys</em> as a novel, sustainable precursor for multifunctional activated carbon and highlight the critical role of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by chemical activation in enhancing both adsorption and energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112834"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}