Diamond and Related Materials最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable sulfur hosts from durian shells-derived porous carbon for enhanced cycling stability in lithium‑sulfur batteries","authors":"Sukanya Pothaya,&nbsp;Nattida Maeboonruan,&nbsp;Jaruwit Lohitkarn,&nbsp;Chatwarin Poochai,&nbsp;Yaowamarn Chuminjak,&nbsp;Chakrit Sriprachuabwonga","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of porous carbon derived from waste durian shells on the performance of electrochemical lithium‑sulfur (Li<img>S) batteries. Two different preparation methods were employed to synthesize porous carbon: a one-step KOH activation via hydrothermal carbonization (PDR<img>H) and a two-step process involving biochar activation followed by carbonization (PDR<img>B). The synthesized porous carbons were characterized using BET, SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman, and TGA to determine their chemical and physical properties. Despite similar surface areas, the two samples exhibited different pore volumes and pore size distributions. PDR-B primarily displayed mesopores (2–30 nm) after activation, whereas PDR-H showed a combination of micro/mesopores (1.5–8 nm). PDR/S composites were prepared by melt-diffusion method with a 7:3 mass ratio of sulfur to carbon. Electrochemical performance testing indicated that the PDR-H/S composite exhibited superior cycling stability, retaining 50 % of its capacity after 400 cycles at 0.2C, and delivered a higher discharge capacity of 583.7 mAhg⁻¹ at 0.1C compared to the PDR-B/S composite, which achieved 477 mAhg⁻¹.The improved long-term cycling stability of PDR-H/S is attributed to better sulfur confinement within its varied pore structure (micro/mesopores). The presence micro/mesopores in PDR-H appears to be more effective for sulfur confinement and thus leads to better battery performance. Additionally, the study highlights that, beyond surface area and pore volume, the pore size distribution plays a crucial role in determining the electrochemical performance of the PDR/S composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112879"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phonon thermal transport in diamond-graphene superlattices","authors":"Zeyu Guo,&nbsp;Guanting Li,&nbsp;Mingyue Lv,&nbsp;Jing Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diamond-graphene superlattices, constructed by periodically assembling diamond and graphene domains via strong covalent bonds, have attracted increasing attention due to their potential to integrate the outstanding properties of both materials. While diamond and graphene individually exhibit ultrahigh thermal conductivity, the phonon transport characteristics of their covalently bonded superlattice structures remain poorly understood, especially regarding the role of strong <em>sp</em>²-<em>sp</em>³ interfaces. This lack of understanding hampers the rational design of carbon-based composites for efficient thermal management.</div><div>In this study, we employ non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate phonon-mediated thermal transport in diamond-graphene superlattices. We demonstrate that the interfacial thermal conductance reaches 6.33 × 10⁹ W/m²K, a value significantly higher than most other covalently bonded heterostructures, owing to strong carbon–carbon bonding and low atomic mass. Moreover, the thermal conductivity exhibits a distinct non-monotonic dependence on periodic length, reflecting a transition from coherent to incoherent phonon transport regimes: it decreases below a coherence threshold and increases beyond it. Temperature variation from 200 to 600 K does not shift the coherence-period minimum, indicating that the coherence–incoherence crossover is robust within this temperature range.</div><div>These findings address a key knowledge gap in understanding heat conduction in covalently bonded carbon superlattices. They provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms of phonon coherence and interfacial transport, offering valuable guidance for the design of advanced thermal interface materials and next-generation nanoelectronic devices where efficient heat dissipation is essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112880"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High surface area activated carbon with mesoporous structure from pyrolyzed Psidium guajava L. peel: Characterization and experimental design optimization for methyl violet 2B dye removal","authors":"Marzirah Marzuki ,&nbsp;Ali H. Jawad ,&nbsp;Nur Ievana Insyirah Mohd Zazulir ,&nbsp;Raja Razuan Raja Deris ,&nbsp;Ruihong Wu ,&nbsp;Zeid A. ALOthman","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, guava (<em>Psidium guajava L.</em>) peel (GP) was employed as a feedstock to produce a mesoporous and high surface area activated carbon (GP-AC) material by thermochemical pyrolysis process assisted ZnCl₂ activation. Several characterization methods such as XRD, specific surface area (BET), TGA FSEM-EDX, FTIR, and pH_pzc were employed to investigate the physicochemical properties of GP-AC. The BET result shows a high surface area of GP-AC (1267 m²/g) with a mesoporous structure and pore diameter (3.41 nm). The applicability of GP-AC as a sustainable adsorbent for methyl violet 2B (MV 2B) dye was evaluated and statistically optimized <em>via</em> Box Behnken design (BBD) and desirability function approach. The desirability ramp reveals the best MV 2B removal (97.2 %) was achieved after 17 min of the adsorption time, pH of 9.3 and GP-AC dose of 0.09 g/0.1L. According to the adsorption isotherm and kinetic investigations, the adsorption of MV 2B onto GP-AC surface was well explained by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and pseudo second order (PSO) respectively. The adsorption capacity of GP-AC adsorption for MV 2B dye was found to be 169.9 mg/g at 25 °C. The thermodynamic functions indicate a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process for MV 2B dye by GP-AC. Various electrostatic forces, π-π attraction, and hydrogen bonding can be considered the most probable options for loading MV 2B dye onto GP-AC surface. Overall GP-AC shows preferable surface area and outstanding performance in eliminating MV 2B dye from the contaminated water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112869"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene-integrated bamboo biochar with enhanced anisotropic heat transfer for directional solar-thermal energy storage","authors":"Huanan Li ,&nbsp;Riyi Lin ,&nbsp;Liqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinyu Li ,&nbsp;Chenxing Huang ,&nbsp;Xinwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of anisotropic composite phase change materials (CPCMs) is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of solar energy storage and conversion. However, existing directional CPCMs exhibit limitations including complex fabrication processes, low heat transport and poor stability, constraining their development and application. In this work, a simple and mechanized method based on flattening, slicing, spraying, self-assembly and carbonization technology is developed for the preparation of lamellar carbonized bamboo skeleton materials with enhanced directional thermal transport, which realizes the directional bonding arrangement of graphene and avoids agglomeration. The skeleton material exhibits a macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic pore structure and excellent radial mechanical compression properties, and the porosity reaches 76.6 % without the need for chemical reagents. An anisotropic high-efficiency photothermal lamellar carbonized bamboo-derived CPCM is successfully developed by vacuum impregnation using paraffin as phase change material (PCM), and the heat storage density is as high as 108.25 kJ·kg⁻¹. Based on this method, the longitudinal thermal conductivity and anisotropy of oriented CPCM are also synergistically improved, reaching 1.39 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ and 2.017, respectively. The significant anisotropy improves the directional transport and storage of solar heat and reduces heat loss. Additionally, the addition of graphene increases the light absorption of the CPCM to 98 %, resulting in a solar thermal storage efficiency of 91.25 % under 1.6 solar radiation intensities. Meanwhile, the shape-stable CPCM's excellent permeability resistance and stability promote its application in practice. The work has broad application potential in the application of medium and low temperature solar heat storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112870"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing 3D hierarchical assembled Co/CNT structures through in-situ growth of carbon nanotube arrays on coral-like Co for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Yuan Shu ,&nbsp;Wei Dong ,&nbsp;Pan Duan ,&nbsp;Weibin Deng ,&nbsp;Hongyao Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Material consist of carbon nanotube (CNT) and magnetic nanoparticles could enhance its electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance by integrating the characteristics of relevant materials, showing notable potential in EM wave loss. In this study, an innovative H₂-free, low-temperature CVD strategy is developed to rationally design 3D hierarchical assembled Co/CNT structures as high-performance EM wave absorbers, utilizing ethanol (C₂H₅OH) as carbon source and urchin-like Co(CO₃)₀.₅(OH)·₀.₁₁H₂O nanoparticles as the catalytic precursor. Significantly, in 3D hierarchical assembled Co/CNT structures, Co nanospheres-encapsulating CNTs are in-situ grown on coral-like Co in an array arrangement, which not only facilitates electron transport between the two components but also generates numerous heterointerfaces, thereby enhancing conductive loss, which greatly amplifies EM wave attenuation. Owing to the advantages of special 3D hierarchical assembled structure, abundant heterogeneous interfaces, hybrid of dielectric/magnetic components and coral-like Co-CNT array conductive network, multiple loss modes are manifested in the EM wave absorption process, involving conductive loss, dipole polarization, interface polarization, multiple scattering, magnetic loss, and good impedance matching, boosting EM wave absorption. The graphitization degree of CNTs and the crystallinity of Co are controlled by varying the CVD temperature of 3D hierarchical assembled Co/CNT structure, thereby effectively regulating the EM parameters and EM wave dissipation properties. At a synthesis temperature of 650 °C, an EM wave absorption of −31.65 dB and an effective bandwidth of 3.91 GHz are achieved with filler loading of 15 wt%. The preparation of this 3D hierarchical assembled Co/CNT structures just requires a low temperature, obviating the requirement for H₂ and nanoscale catalysts. Furthermore, it possesses a distinctive layered assembly configuration and demonstrates superior EM wave absorption performance even under low-loading conditions. Such characteristics render it applicable in the aerospace domain, including scenarios like the absorbing coatings on aircraft surfaces and the absorbents utilized for honeycomb impregnation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112877"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of thermally heat-treated polyacrylonitrile carbon fibers","authors":"Aaron R. Ginsparg ,&nbsp;Jeremy L. Watts ,&nbsp;William G. Fahrenholtz ,&nbsp;Matthew B. Dickerson ,&nbsp;Kaitlin N. Detwiler ,&nbsp;Zachary E. Brubaker ,&nbsp;Gregory E. Hilmas","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the graphitization process of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) carbon fibers by subjecting commercial fibers to thermal heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 1400 to 2100 °C in 100 °C increments, using either argon or nitrogen gas atmospheres. Changes in crystallinity, surface morphology, and lattice parameters were analyzed for two commercial carbon fibers using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Results indicated minimal changes in surface morphology with increasing heat-treatment temperature; however, crystallinity significantly increased. Crystallinity changes were more strongly dependent on temperature rather than gas atmosphere or fiber type. At intermediate heat-treatment temperatures (1600–1800 °C), fibers treated in argon showed a slight preference for graphitization. The highest level of graphitization was measured at 2100 °C. Crystallite size increased as the intensity ratio of the D1 to G Raman peaks increased, reaching a peak around ~1800 °C, after which the ratio started to decrease. This behavior aligns with Ferrari's three-stage model of carbon crystallization and is consistent with both the Marie-Mering degree of graphitization and Brubaker's Integrated Absolute Differential models, all of which describe the transformation from an amorphous to a more graphitic structure. At the higher heat-treatment temperatures, the changes between atmospheres and fiber types were measured to converge to similar levels of graphitization. This study evaluates the progressive change in commercial grade carbon fibers when heat-treated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized MWCNTs and bio-hemocompatible PMMA-MWCNT nanocomposites as electrode materials for non-enzymatic H2O2 sensors and potential supercapacitor applications","authors":"Sindhuja Pethaperumal ,&nbsp;Aghilesh Karunakaran ,&nbsp;K. Kavibharathy ,&nbsp;Kumaran Vediappan ,&nbsp;G.T. Mohanraj","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were tested for electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Sulfuric acid treated MWCNT (MWCNT-A) and H2SO4/HNO3 treated MWCNT (MWCNT-B) exhibited low LOD values. MWCNT-A displayed high sensitivity of 11,260 mA.mM⁻¹.cm⁻². It is inferred that sulfuric acid functionalization of CNT did not cause damage to CNT structure leading to good electrochemical properties. Insulating bio-hemocompatible Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-MWCNT composites sensors were fabricated with 1 to 7 wt% of MWCNT loading. PMMA-7 %MWCNT-A nanocomposites exhibited the lowest LOD of 1.968 μM showing the usefulness of PMMA based composites for H₂O₂ sensing. Current research reports H₂O₂ sensors based on sole functionalized MWCNT (F-MWCNT) free from other hybrids and also reports insulating polymer matrix based H₂O₂ sensors. The F-MWCNT and PMMA-MWCNT materials were analysed for potential supercapacitor applications through specific capacitance calculations. A high specific capacitance value of 408.33 F/g for MWCNT-A and 200.4 F/g was obtained for PMMA-7 %MWCNT-A composites. The developed materials may find possible applications in medical diagnosis, supercapacitors and other fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112876"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the detection potential of C59X as well as C54B3N3 for the CO molecule from DFTB view","authors":"Jing Li ,&nbsp;Jia-Le Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi-Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural and electronic attributes of C₅₉X-CO (X = Al, B, N, P, and Si) and C₅₄B₃N₃-nCO (<em>n</em> = 1–3) were scrutinized through self-consistent charge density functional tight-binding computations. Analysis of the calculated adsorption energies and net charge-transfer values reveals that the CO molecule exhibits a more robust interaction with B-doped fullerenes C₅₉B than with those doped with Al, N, P, or Si. In C₅₄B₃N₃ configuration, the C atom of CO aligns perpendicularly to the N atom, and with the B atom's assistance, the formation of multiple B-C-N bond pairs is feasible, contingent upon the quantity of adsorbed CO molecules. Furthermore, it is observed that the electronic properties of both C₅₉B and C₅₄B₃N₃ demonstrate heightened sensitivity to CO molecules, attributed to a notable reduction in their energy gaps. In addition, the hetero-fullerene C₅₄B₃N₃, abundant in B and N atoms, enhances the capability for CO gas detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112862"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbyne enriched nanostructures for gas sensing applications: Synthesis and characterization","authors":"Mohamad-Anas Hejazi ,&nbsp;Qing Zheng ,&nbsp;Guowei Yang ,&nbsp;Alexander Lukin ,&nbsp;Caner Ünlü ,&nbsp;Levent Trabzon","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among the various forms of carbon nanomaterials, one-dimensional sp-hybridized carbon, known as Carbyne, has been elusive and challenging to synthesize due to its chemical instability. Consequently, the properties of Carbyne have not been fully explored. Recent advancements have allowed the successful synthesis of finite-length Carbyne chains in the laboratory through novel techniques such as ion-assisted pulse plasma deposition (IA-PPD) and laser ablation in liquids (LAL). These methods produced hybrid nanostructures of sp³ and sp² carbon enriched with Carbyne. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of these Carbyne nanostructures to gain a deeper understanding of their unique properties. Their potential as sensing materials in quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors was examined for room-temperature pollutant detection. Characterization results revealed a higher concentration of Carbyne in the LAL samples compared to the IA-PPD samples, which corresponded to superior gas sensing performance. In tests with various analytes, LAL Carbyne exhibited greater selectivity for ammonia gas. The sensor demonstrated a moderate response time of 4.7 min with full recovery in approximately 9.3 min. However, compared to other available carbon materials, the sensitivity of Carbyne was found to be relatively low, highlighting the need for further research to optimize Carbyne synthesis and sensor fabrication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112854"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable solvent-engineered carbon dots derived from Amaranthus campestris for photocatalytic antiretroviral drug degradation and luminophores in security inks for anti-counterfeit applications","authors":"T.K.S. Fayaz ,&nbsp;Ashega Sherly Robinson ,&nbsp;Priti Gupta ,&nbsp;Pavithra Suresh ,&nbsp;Komal Murugan ,&nbsp;Arunkumar Thirugnanasambandam","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental issues are raised by the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor medicine emtricitabine (ETB), especially associated with its poor removal efficiency in traditional wastewater treatment facilities. Photocatalytic degradation presents itself as a promising technology for the breakdown of organic pharmaceuticals through the advanced oxidation process. This study explores the application of Eco-Sustainable <em>Amaranthus campestris-derived</em> Carbon dots (AC-CDs) as a light-activated photocatalyst for the abatement of antiretroviral ETB, emphasizing a more resilient and environmentally conscious approach. The specifically selected carbogenic source for the induction of AC-CDs formation is <em>Amaranthus campestris</em>, which exhibits adjustable luminescence upon exposure to both short and long UV light irradiation. The synthesized AC-CDs, exhibiting a quantum yield of 21.5 %, served as security fluorescent ink for anti-counterfeiting purposes. An efficiency of 55 % was achieved for the photocatalytic degradation of ETB within 75 min under optimal conditions. The kinetic behavior of the degradation adhered to a pseudo-first-order reaction, characterized by a rate constant of 0.01029 min⁻¹. The findings from the scavenger studies indicate that hydroxyl radicals and the holes significantly contribute to the reduction of the drug. This study demonstrates that Eco-Sustainable-derived AC-CDs offer a viable and alternative approach for the reduction of ETBs in aqueous environments, with potential implications for wider applications in wastewater management and in anti-counterfeiting applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112860"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}