Diamond and Related Materials最新文献

{"title":"Advanced graphite-based dosimetry: A novel approach for HDR 60Co brachytherapy","authors":"S.N. Mat Nawi ,&nbsp;M.U. Khandaker ,&nbsp;S.F. Abdul Sani ,&nbsp;N.S. Mohd Nor Ihsan ,&nbsp;N.M. Ung ,&nbsp;S.E. Lam ,&nbsp;D.A. Bradley","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-dose-rate (HDR) ⁶⁰Co brachytherapy is widely used for cancer treatment, offering precise radiation delivery to tumors while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. However, steep dose gradients and limited real-time dose verification pose significant challenges, making accurate in vivo dosimetry essential for treatment safety and efficacy. This study investigates the potential of graphite-based materials for in vivo dosimetry in HDR ⁶⁰Co brachytherapy, aiming to achieve accurate and reliable radiation dose measurements. Thermoluminescence (TL) and photoluminescence (PL) responses, along with Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic features, were analyzed to evaluate the correlation between radiation exposure and structural modifications within a dose range of 0.5 to 10 Gy. Two commercially available graphite-based materials i.e. 50 μm thick graphite sheets (GS) and 0.3 mm diameter 2B-grade polymer pencil lead graphite (PPLG) were examined for their dosimetric suitability. Results indicate that defect states in these materials significantly influence their luminescent properties, with PPLG exhibiting superior TL sensitivity, stability, and linear dose response compared to graphite sheets. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy further confirm radiation-induced structural changes, correlating with TL and PL behaviors. These findings suggest the preliminary potential of graphite-based materials, particularly PPLG, for radiation dosimetry using an HDR ⁶⁰Co source. The results indicate that PPLG may serve as a cost-effective and high-precision dosimetric material, with promising applicability in HDR ⁶⁰Co brachytherapy to support improved treatment accuracy and patient safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112764"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performance of (Nb, Ta)-doped TiO2 modified g-C3N4 based Z-scheme heterojunction","authors":"Riza Paul ,&nbsp;Abinash Das ,&nbsp;Balaji Gururajan ,&nbsp;S. Parthiban","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable water treatment and energy generation solutions has led to escalating interest in the development of efficient photo/ electrocatalysts that harness solar energy. This study delves into the development of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) doped with niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta), composited with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), for enhanced sunlight-driven photocatalytic and photoelectochemical (PEC) performance. The Nb/Ta doped TiO₂ nanomaterials exhibit improved charge separation and good photocatalytic activity in the UV range, while the addition of g-C₃N₄ further enhances the overall photocatalytic efficiency and extended light absorption into the visible range. The structural studies by XRD show that the NbGCT with a crystallite size of 7.14 nm at (101) anatase plane which shows higher photo(electro)catalytic performance when compared with other composites used in this study. The peculiar findings from PL spectroscopy are that the enhanced PL intensity by demonstrating that the improved GCT produced more e−/h + couples. Also we found the reduction in band gap to 2.65 eV that extends to visible light absorption. The performance of all these composite was evaluated through PEC water splitting experiments and degradation of organic pollutants, showcasing ability of the optimal catalyst combination to perform as efficient material. The study also included detailed photo electrocatalytic analysis, focusing on the electrochemical properties of g-C₃N₄ modified Nb-doped TiO₂ (NbGCT). NbGCT shows remarkable performance with the highest photocurrent density (1.39 mA cm⁻²) at the lowest onset potential (0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl), suggesting that Nb doping is particularly effective in enhancing charge separation, light absorption, and photoactivity of the optimally modified sample. The results highlight the potential of g-C₃N₄ Modified (Nb, Ta)-doped TiO₂ composite materials for efficient sunlight-driven applications such as water treatment and pollutant degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112766"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of brazing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of diamond/kovar joints","authors":"Wei Lin ,&nbsp;Ruijie Hao ,&nbsp;Xuewen Li ,&nbsp;Min Lei ,&nbsp;Hua Ouyang ,&nbsp;Peng Yu ,&nbsp;Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Guo ,&nbsp;Jian Cao ,&nbsp;Yulong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To obtain high quality brazed joint of diamond and kovar alloy, systematic work was conducted. Firstly, AgCuTi filler alloy was used for vacuum brazing of diamond to kovar alloy, and the microstructure of resulting joints was systematically characterized to elucidate the formation mechanism. Then, the effects of brazing temperature on joint microstructure and shear strength were investigated, and the correlation between microstructural evolution and shear strength was established. The results indicate that the AgCuTi filler alloy exhibits excellent wettability on the diamond substrate, with a contact angle (θ) of 2.7°. The microstructure characteristics of the diamond/kovar brazed joint are diamond/TiC+Ag(s, s) + Cu(s, s) + Fe₂Ti + Ni₃Ti/kovar. A maximum shear strength of 100.94 MPa is obtained at 870 °C with a holding time of 5 min. With increasing brazing temperature, the (Fe, Ni)Ti reaction layer thickens, the banded structure of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) Fe₂Ti and Ni₃Ti broadens. This microstructural evolution initially enhances the shear strength but eventually leads to a decline due to excessive IMCs formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112765"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly synthesis of polychromatic carbon dots as an efficient fluorescent probe for multicolor cell imaging","authors":"Raji Atchudan ,&nbsp;Suguna Perumal ,&nbsp;Prakash Gangadaran ,&nbsp;Ashok K. Sundramoorthy ,&nbsp;Srinivasan Ramalingam ,&nbsp;Devaraj Manoj ,&nbsp;Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran ,&nbsp;Rajendran Suresh Babu ,&nbsp;Byeong-Cheol Ahn ,&nbsp;Seung Woo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polychromatic carbon dots (PCDs) were synthesized using <em>Cornus officinalis</em> fruits as natural sources of carbon and aqueous ammonia as sources of nitrogen, as well as a pH adjuster. Hydrothermally synthesized PCDs were systematically investigated by various analytical tools to determine their structural and optical properties. The resulting PCDs exhibited a modest degree of graphitization, which is demonstrated by XRD and Raman spectroscopy techniques. We employed FESEM with EDX, HRTEM, FTIR, and XPS techniques to characterize the structural morphology and elemental composition of the eco-friendly synthesized PCDs. These results reveal that the synthesized PCDs were nearly spherical in shape, with an average diameter of 3.5 nm, and were rich in surface functional moieties, exhibiting satisfactory dispersibility. The obtained PCDs exhibited polychromatic emission as the excitation wavelength varied from lower to higher values. The fluorescence wavelength of maximum excitation is ~365 nm, and the wavelength of maximum emission is ~441 nm, complemented by an impressive quantum yield of 21 %. PCDs exhibit extraordinary strength, retaining their fluorescence characteristics under different ecological (environmental) conditions, together with exposure to UV light and prolonged storage. Additionally, the synthesized PCDs exhibited excellent biocompatibility, maintaining over 95 % cell viability in RAW 264.7 (macrophage) and SVEC4-10 (endothelial) cells, even at high concentrations. Fluorescence imaging confirmed efficient cellular uptake and strong multicolor emission, supporting their potential as safe and effective probes for live-cell imaging. Moreover, polychromatic fluorescent, biocompatible PCDs can be used as fluorophores for efficient multicolor cell imaging under varying excitation light conditions. They can be further developed as cellular targeting probes for drug delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112773"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NiWO₄/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode for ultra-sensitive nanomolar detection of Cu(II) and Hg(II) in environmental samples","authors":"Raveendra B. Manami ,&nbsp;Manjunath B. Megalamani ,&nbsp;Rajesh G. Kalkhambkar ,&nbsp;Sharanappa T. Nandibewoor ,&nbsp;Prashanth S. Adarakatti ,&nbsp;Mohammad Arshad ,&nbsp;Katabathini Narasimharao","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metals like Cu(II) and Hg(II) are poisonous, persistent, and may accumulate in living things, making their detection essential. They provide significant dangers to human health and the environment, even at low concentrations. Pollution control, public safety, and environmental monitoring all depend on sensitive and trustworthy detection techniques. A NiWO₄/RGO nanocomposite has been produced utilizing a simple reflux method by integrating nickel tungsten oxide (NiWO₄) nanoparticles with reduced graphene oxide (RGO). This composite was applied for modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), resulting in a NiWO₄/RGO@GCE sensor capable of simultaneously detecting Cu(II) and Hg(II) ions in environmental samples. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X - ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of the nanocomposite. Electrochemical studies using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) demonstrated high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. The sensor showed an enormous linear range(1–20 ppb) and extremely low detection limits: 0.142 ppb for Cu(II) and 0.120 ppb for Hg(II). Real sample analysis showed excellent recovery rates ranging from 97.8 % to 102.0 %, indicating strong practical applicability. This work presents a cost-effective and reliable electrochemical platform for trace heavy metal detection, with promising potential for environmental monitoring applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112772"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-derived oxygen-rich activated carbon with a rod-like porous structure for use in electrochemical energy storage devices","authors":"Awitdrus Awitdrus,&nbsp;Indah Larasati,&nbsp;Rakhmawati Farma,&nbsp;Zulkarnain Zulkarnain,&nbsp;Agustino Agustino","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, heteroatom-doped activated carbon has gained significant attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage owing to its advantageous characteristics. This study involved the creation of self‑oxygen-doped active carbon through an easy preparation technique from <em>Cocos nucifera</em> husk waste via a one-step physicochemical activation strategy. The resulting O self-doped AC possesses a rod-like porous framework, an abundant O content (6.24 wt%), and a high specific surface area (480 m² g⁻¹). At a current rate of 1 A g⁻¹, the specific capacitance of CNHAC-2.5 has reached a remarkable value as high as 280 F g⁻¹. This device also delivered a high specific energy of 38.84 Wh kg⁻¹ at a specific power of 207.47 W kg⁻¹. These findings indicate that the <em>Cocos nucifera</em> husk waste has potential for use as a precursor for self‑oxygen-doped activated carbon, which can be used as an electrode material for SCs, offering cost-effectiveness and superior performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112767"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on UV photocatalytic assisted chemical mechanical polishing process for single-crystal diamond","authors":"Weilin Huang ,&nbsp;Huilong Li ,&nbsp;Jiabin Lu ,&nbsp;Da Hu ,&nbsp;Chen Lin ,&nbsp;Qiusheng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-crystal diamond (SCD), with its ultra-wide bandgap and exceptional thermal conductivity, is an emerging fourth-generation semiconductor material. However, the extreme hardness, superior wear resistance, and strong chemical inertness of SCD pose significant challenges for achieving both high-quality and high-efficiency polishing. This study employs an UV photocatalytic assisted chemical mechanical polishing approach to process single-crystal diamond. Under UV light irradiation, H₂O₂ and TiO₂ work together to produce ·OH, which can oxidize the surface of SCD to form a relatively soft oxide layer to reduce the difficulty of polishing. The effects of chemical process parameters (H₂O₂ concentration, light intensity and TiO₂ concentration) and mechanical process parameters (polishing pressure, polishing disc speed, abrasive concentration and abrasive particle size) on the polishing effect of SCD were studied by single factor experiment. The experimental results demonstrate that with increasing H₂O₂ concentration, TiO₂ concentration, polishing pressure, polishing disc speed, abrasive concentration, and abrasive particle size, the material removal rate (MRR) of SCD first increases and then decreases, while the surface roughness (Sa) first decreases and then increases. The MRR exhibits a positive correlation with increasing light intensity, while the surface roughness demonstrates an inverse relationship. Under the conditions of 1.5 kg polishing pressure, 60 r/min polishing disc speed, 3 wt% abrasive concentration, 1 μm abrasive particle size, 100 mW/cm² light intensity, 10 wt% H₂O₂, and 3 g/L TiO₂, the MRR of SCD reached 321 nm/h with a surface roughness of Sa 0.340 nm after 60 min of polishing. This study provides additional fundamental evidence for the application of UV photocatalytic reactions in the field of chemical mechanical polishing of SCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112771"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of microstructure on electrical resistivity of hydrothermal carbonization-derived carbon spheres","authors":"Agnieszka Karczmarska ,&nbsp;Łukasz Laskowski ,&nbsp;Piotr M. Zieliński ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Pawlik ,&nbsp;Magdalena Laskowska","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The numerous applications of carbon spheres (CS) in the field of new technologies, prompt a deep analysis of such objects. In the present work, CS were synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) based on glucose with the surfactant. In the first part of the work, the effect of the concentration of the surfactant used in the synthesis on the efficiency of the process, the size of the obtained spheres and the relationship between their structural properties and electrical resistivity were studied. In the second part, based on a fixed surfactant concentration, it was shown how to obtain carbon spheres with high monodispersity in an easy, efficient and reproducible way, controlling parameters such as temperature and synthesis time. A detailed analysis of selected three sizes of carbon spheres annealed over a temperature range of 600 to 1000 °C was then carried out. The CS results showed that their surface morphology, microstructure, porosity and electrical resistivity strongly depend on the processing temperature. These conclusions are based on scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption analysis and resistivity measurements. The specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume varied with annealing temperature and sphere size, significantly influencing the development of the porous structure. In the 200–400 nm size range, sphere size had no clear effect on sample resistivity. The dominant factors were graphitization processes and changes in SSA and pore volume. Across all annealing temperatures, samples with the highest resistivity consistently exhibited the largest SSA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112705"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superlubricity of MoSxOy/H-DLC composite in dry and moist air","authors":"Xiaoqi Ding ,&nbsp;Xuan Liu ,&nbsp;Xueyang Li ,&nbsp;Yuxin Yang ,&nbsp;Zixiao Xu ,&nbsp;Guomin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The engineering application of superlubricity in dry and moist atmospheres is critical for reducing friction, wear, and economic consumption. The MoS₂/H-DLC composite can achieve superlubricity in oxygen, which can help to quickly form a MoS₂ transfer film on the surface of counterpart at the initial sliding stage. However, the friction performances of MoS₂/H-DLC composite were still unclear in dry and moist air when these MoS₂ flakes were doped with oxygen. Regarding this problem, we constructed some MoS_xO_y/H-DLC composites with different degree of oxidation, and their friction performances were investigated in dry and moist air with relative humidities of approximately 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %. Superlubricity was achieved by the composite in dry and moist air with a relative humidity of approximately 10 %. Raman, AFM, SEM-EDS, and TEM characterizations have been conducted to reveal the composition and structures of these as-formed wear scars and tracks. These results suggested that a small number of water molecules in the atmosphere could promote the formation of the MoS_xO_y transfer film on an Al₂O₃ ball, which was crucial for achieving superlow friction in moist air. These findings provide some helpful suggestions for obtaining superlow friction in moist air.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112769"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating of the optical and dielectric features of PVC/ZnMoO4 + gC3N4/MWCNTs nanocomposites for flexible optoelectronic and energy storage devices uses","authors":"A.M. El-naggar ,&nbsp;A.M. Kamal ,&nbsp;A.A. Albassam","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer-based nanocomposites exhibit significant potential as optimal materials for application in flexible, advanced optoelectronic and energy storage systems. This work examines the integration of zinc molybdate/graphitic carbon nitrides (ZnMoO₄/g-C₃N₄) and/or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix to thoroughly analyze its optical and dielectric characteristics. The structure and morphology of the polymers were investigated. The absorbance spectrum of the PVC sample displayed a minor rise when doped with ZnMoO₄ + g-C₃N₄, but a significant enhancement with the addition of MWCNTs to the matrix. The optical transmittance decreased with the incorporation of ZnMoO₄ + g-C₃N₄/x wt% MWCNTs, reaching a minimum value of 5–11 % when the MWCNTs content is 0.25 wt%. The lowest optical energy gap values of 4.11 and 3.62 eV for direct and indirect transitions were achieved when the ratios of MWCNTs accomplished 0.25 wt% in the filled polymer. The value of the refractive index for PVC rose with the incorporation of ZnMoO₄ + g-C₃N₄/x wt% MWCNTs in the visible spectrum. The influence of the fillers on the linear and nonlinear optical parameters was examined. The fluorescence intensity of PVC polymer under excitation wavelengths is significantly rose with the incorporation of ZnMoO₄ + g-C₃N₄; however, it exhibits an inconsistent decrease when varying amounts of MWCNTs filler are added. Depending on the kind of filler and the percentage of MWCNTs in the polymer, all samples exhibited varied intensities of blue-violet colors under excitation wavelengths (<em>λ</em>_exc) = 320 and 380 nm, whereas they displayed blue-yellow coloration under <em>λ</em>_exc = 435 nm. The PVC/ZnMoO₄ + g-C₃N₄ composite with 0.15 wt% MWCNTs displays the ultimate dielectric constant values. A rise in energy density was observed subsequent to the incorporation of ZnMoO₄ + g-C₃N₄ and/or 0.1 wt% MWCNTs into the host polymer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112768"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144911874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}