Vytautas Grivickas , Patrik Ščajev , Kristijonas Genevičius , Lars Voss , Paulius Grivickas
{"title":"Bipolar transport in diamond under photo-excitation: Evidence of free charge scattering by excitons","authors":"Vytautas Grivickas , Patrik Ščajev , Kristijonas Genevičius , Lars Voss , Paulius Grivickas","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fundamental characteristics of the Coulomb <em>e-h</em> interactions in ultra-pure diamond are investigated through time-resolved photoconductivity measurements in homogeneously photoexcited samples with ohmic-like low resistive B<sup>+</sup> sandwich contacts. We demonstrate that, in the electric field, the bipolar charge mobility exhibits drastic reduction for photo-injected densities of 10<sup>14</sup>‐10<sup>16</sup> cm<sup>‐3</sup> that cannot be explained only by mutual scattering between free <em>e-h</em> particles. This phenomenon is clarified by adding scattering caused by excitons whose density grows in the photo-exited system. The comparison of drift mobilities at 300 K in diamond obtained in this study and in pure Si and Ge obtained from literature, where exciton scattering is insignificant, is presented. We derive the empirical expression for the density dependences of bipolar mobility for the electric fields up to 1 kV/cm that could be useful for the development of diamond electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 112588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"One step NaOH etched-modified pencil graphite for electrochemical sensing of dopamine neurotransmitter","authors":"Deepti , Mahe Taiba Hussain , Partha Sarathi Mondal , Amitesh Kumar , Subrata Majumder","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrochemical oxidation of dopamine in aqueous solutions at a pencil graphite electrode etched with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was investigated using cyclic and anodic stripping voltammetric methods. In order to modify the pencil graphite, a 10 V DC power supply was applied for 40 min in the presence of 0.1 M NaOH. The modified electrode has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis), and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The redox reaction was assessed with the variable scan rates. In phosphate buffer at pH = 7.0, well-resolved voltammetric peaks (against silver/silver chloride) were produced for analytical purposes. The modified sensor electrode offered a sensitivity of 1.333 × 10<sup>−2</sup> mA/pM/cm<sup>−2</sup> in measuring the dopamine molecules with concentrations ranging from 13.3 pM to 105.5 pM and successfully achieved the lowest detection limit of 13.3 pM. The suggested electrode also exhibited superior stability and selectivity in the presence of other interfering biomolecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 112596"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facile glucose oxidase immobilization onto amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for glucose detection","authors":"Nazanin Kouravand , Hossain-Ali Rafiee-Pour , Leila Moradi","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glucose detection is crucial in food processing, pharmaceuticals, and clinical diagnostics. To enhance the performance of glucose detection, enzyme immobilization has emerged as a key strategy that improves enzyme stability and reusability. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have served to immobilize enzymes and fabricate electrochemical biosensors due to their physicochemical properties. Here, MWCNTs were amino-functionalized through an effective and easy three-step chemical reaction (hydroxylation, chlorination, and amination). Then, glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized onto MWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub> modified glassy carbon electrode (GOx/MWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub>/GCE) to construct an enzymatic glucose biosensor. The chemical, structural, and morphological characteristics of MWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub> were confirmed through various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrochemical behavior of GOx/MWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub>/GCE was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). CV voltammogram of GOx/MWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub>/GCE shows redox peaks with formal potential (<em>E°′</em>) of −0.446 V related to immobilized GOx. Also, the kinetics parameters including electron transfer rate constants (<em>k</em><sub>s</sub>) were determined as 5.94 s<sup>−1</sup>. Moreover, GOx/MWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub>/GCE was used for glucose biosensing via the DPV method with the linear range 1.9–49.5 μM along with the limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity of 0.75 μM and 1143 μA mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. In real samples of orange, apple, and pineapple fruit juices, glucose was measured as 2.30, 1.58 and 1.64 gL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. This biosensor provides an appropriate platform for glucose determination and purpose MWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub> as a candidate to immobilize biological molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 112595"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John C.D. Gak , M. Khairy , Islam Ibrahim , Mohamed Mokhtar Mohamed
{"title":"Synergistic sonophotocatalytic decomposition of pyrene using a recyclable C₃N₄/CoFe₂O₄@GO magnetic hybrid nanocomposite","authors":"John C.D. Gak , M. Khairy , Islam Ibrahim , Mohamed Mokhtar Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a huge threat to the water environment due to their carcinogenic, biotoxic, and hazardous nature. To eliminate such compounds, a novel and efficient CN-CFO/GO magnetic nanocomposite composed of graphitic–carbon nitride (CN) (0.0378 wt%) and Cobalt ferrite (CFO) nanoparticles (1 wt%) embedded on graphene oxide (GO) (0.0378 wt%) was synthesized via hydrothermal treatment at 170 °C for 6 h. The developed nanomaterials as sonophotocatalysts to degrade pyrene, which serves as a model for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were used. To understand how well these materials work and what properties they have, we analyzed them using several techniques, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to assess their crystallinity, functional groups, energy levels, and overall shape. XPS data reveal significant electronic and chemical interactions between CN, CFO, and GO in the GO-CN/CFO composite, indicating charge redistribution, new interfacial bonding, and modified oxidation states. The CN-CFO/GO nanocomposite degraded 94.3 % of pyrene compared to pure GO (85.3 %), CN (80.9 %), and CFO (82.9 %). The kinetic results indicated that the reaction behaved according to a pseudo-first-order model. We observed the following order of rate constants: sonophotolysis had the lowest at 0.0098 min<sup>−1</sup>, followed by CN at 0.014 min<sup>−1</sup>, CFO at 0.0148 min<sup>−1</sup>, GO at 0.0151 min<sup>−1</sup>, and the combination of CN-CFO/GO at the highest rate of 0.0226 min<sup>−1</sup>. The CN-CFO/GO nanocomposite, however, degrades up to 99.2 % of 10 mg/L pyrene under optimized conditions of pH 9, CN-CFO/GO dosage 80 mg/L, US power 50 W, sunlight-type white LED chips, within 120 min, suggesting its capability for the depollution of high molecular weight PAHs. Capturing experiments indicate that ∙<span><math><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></math></span> <span><math><mtext>and</mtext><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>h</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math></span> were the most dominant reactive species followed by ∙OH. The as-synthesized nanocomposite could be recycled five times with only 9.1 % decline in the degradation efficiency. The synergistic effect of CN-CFO/GO/LED/US (sonophotocatalytic) system (99.2 %) (0.0373 min<sup>−1</sup>) was also found to be better than the binary CN-CFO/GO/LED (photocatalytic) (82.4 %) (0.0141 min<sup>−1</sup>) and CN-CFO/GO/US (sonocatalytic) systems (90.9 %) (0.0188 min<sup>−1</sup>). The mineralization efficiency of CN-CFO/GO/LED/US was also studied and could achieve 92.7 % TOC removal within 120 min under optimized conditions compared with CN-CFO/GO/LED (63.5 %) and CN-CFO/GO/US (72 %). The toxicity evaluation of the products of degraded pyrene and the effects of different anions on pyrene degradation were thoroughly examine","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 112581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Plotzki , Johannes Engel , Andreas Pöppl , Wolfgang Knolle , Ralf Wunderlich
{"title":"Defect interplay for nuclear hyperpolarization in type Ib diamond","authors":"David Plotzki , Johannes Engel , Andreas Pöppl , Wolfgang Knolle , Ralf Wunderlich","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We utilize a 10<!--> <!-->MeV electron beam to tune the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center concentration in five diamond samples with similar initial substitutional nitrogen (P1) concentration. We observe inhomogeneous defect distributions of P1, NV and NVN defects by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, confocal photoluminescence scans and polarized light microscopy. Furthermore, we perform field cycling NMR experiments to measure the bulk <sup>13</sup>C hyperpolarization of each sample. For that purpose, we exploit the NV–P1 and NV–NV cross-relaxation to transfer the electronic polarization of the NV centers to nearby <sup>13</sup>C spins. We found different dependencies of the hyperpolarization signal for NV–P1 and NV–NV cross-relaxation. We propose that dense P1 clusters and the interplay between the defects within are crucial for NV-driven nuclear hyperpolarization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 112554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yihai Zhu , Dongmei Zhao , Quanbo Sun , Yongbing Pang , Fei Duan , Shouhong Lu , Fengyu Du , Zhihua Liu , Qi Wu
{"title":"A novel GO-CS@ZnO composite for bone graft site infection prevention and tissue regeneration","authors":"Yihai Zhu , Dongmei Zhao , Quanbo Sun , Yongbing Pang , Fei Duan , Shouhong Lu , Fengyu Du , Zhihua Liu , Qi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone graft defect repair remains a clinically challenging issue due to the persistent risk of postoperative infections and compromised biocompatibility in graft materials. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel graphene oxide‑calcium silicate‑zinc oxide (GO-CS@ZnO) composite specifically designed for bone regeneration applications. The composite was synthesized through the hydrothermal method and systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Because GO contains a large number of hydrophilic groups, they can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Subsequently, the water contact angle test proved that this material has strong hydrophilicity. Remarkably, the composite demonstrated exceptional antibacterial efficacy with inhibition rates exceeding 90 % against both <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, as validated through rigorous antimicrobial testing. Subsequent <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity evaluations over a 72-h period confirmed excellent biocompatibility. These collective findings demonstrate the significant potential of the GO-CS@ZnO composite as an innovative biomaterial for bone defect repair, providing a promising dual-functional solution that simultaneously addresses infection control and biocompatibility requirements in clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 112580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dezhen Li, Yunguang Zhou, Chuanyun Bi, Hao Ming, Han Chen, Ming Li
{"title":"Study on cutting force and surface quality in drilling 2.5D-Cf/SiC composites","authors":"Dezhen Li, Yunguang Zhou, Chuanyun Bi, Hao Ming, Han Chen, Ming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites (C<sub>f</sub>/SiC) have excellent mechanical properties such as high hardness, high temperature resistance, wear resistance, and low density. They are excellent materials for thermal interface parts of aero-engines. In order to achieve high-quality and low-damage machining of 2.5D- C<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites, this paper studies the effects of drilling parameters, such as spindle rotational speed and feed rate, on drilling damage mechanism, material removal behavior, cutting force, and surface morphology of 2.5D-Cf/SiC composites (C/SiC types with warp, weft, and needle-like fiber structures). Experiments reveal that the main damage at the entrance/exit of the hole are delamination and collapse. The material is mainly removed by brittle fracture, and the removal forms vary with the cutting direction, including matrix fracture, fiber fracture, interfacial debonding, and fiber pull-out. Drilling parameters affect machining quality by changing the maximum undeformed chip thickness: Increasing spindle rotational speed and decreasing feed rate can reduce hole damage, axial force, and torque, while improving surface quality. The research results provide reference for optimizing machining processes of 2.5D- C<sub>f</sub>/SiC and other fiber composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 112573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Saravanan , B.N. Vedha Hari , Ramyadevi Durai , Marek Brzeziński , Weronika Gonciarz , I. Vetha Potheher
{"title":"Interpenetrating PVA hydrogels with rGO-Ag nanoparticles: In vitro biocompatibility and antibacterial properties","authors":"M. Saravanan , B.N. Vedha Hari , Ramyadevi Durai , Marek Brzeziński , Weronika Gonciarz , I. Vetha Potheher","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silver (Ag) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticles (NPs) were integrated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer matrix to develop nanocomposites. In a single step, rGO and AgNO<sub>3</sub> were synthesized using the hydrothermal method to make rGO-Ag NPs, which were subsequently incorporated. Based on that, rGO, rGO-Ag NPs, PVA-G, and PVA<img>AgG hydrogels were synthesized, and PVA plays the role of a binding agent between graphene and Ag NPs. Various analytical methods confirmed that the Ag NPs deposited on rGO with strong physical interactions. Further, the hydrogels were fabricated by loading with graphene and rGO-Ag NPs (PVA<img>AgG) hydrogels, proving that the materials are intact and stable. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) study explored the prepared small-sized Ag NPs (approximately 7–9 nm) with a crystalline structure and improved thermal properties, which is proved by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the hydrogel formed with regular pores and was uniform. The hydrogel's contents were consistently distributed, as confirmed by elemental analysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In addition, the PVA-AgG hydrogel demonstrated biocompatibility with L929 fibroblast cells and superior antibacterial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Proteus mirabilis</em>. This PVA-AgG hydrogel has great potential to improve fibrous network performance and solve present issues in the development of bioactive wound dressings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 112586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2N/2P-Ga/Al/B co-doping scheme for possible n-type diamond: Direct bandgap optimization form first-principles study based on GGA-PBE functional","authors":"Meng Wang, Weiyin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural stability, electronic and optical properties of diamond co-doped with 2N/2P-Ga/Al/B complexes were studied using first-principles calculations based on GGA-PBE functional. Among the five doped systems studied, the NCGaCN configuration (N-C-Ga-C-N) demonstrated the lowest formation energy (<em>E</em><sub>f</sub> = −1829 eV), highest stability, and smallest ionization energy (<em>E</em><sub>I</sub> = 0.101 eV). Band structure and density of states analysis revealed reduced bandgaps in all doped structures, with the most significant reduction occurring in the NCGaCN system. All systems exhibited direct bandgap n-type semiconductor characteristics. The doped systems showed significantly enhanced optical properties, particularly in the PCAlCP and PCGaCP doped systems, where the dielectric constants in the low-energy region increased from 4.2 in intrinsic diamond to 21.8 and 22.5, respectively. Additionally, the conductivity of the NCBCN-doped system reached 21 S/m, and the light absorption coefficient of the NCGaCN-doped system achieved 5.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>. These findings provide a solid theoretical foundation for the development of diamond semiconductor materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 112584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheng Li, Sen Chen, Hongli Fang, Jiushan Cheng, Lijun Sang, Zhengduo Wang, Zhongwei Liu
{"title":"Few-layer graphene growth by annealing C:Ni film grown via high power impulse magnetron sputtering","authors":"Zheng Li, Sen Chen, Hongli Fang, Jiushan Cheng, Lijun Sang, Zhengduo Wang, Zhongwei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene is widely used as an advanced functional carbon material. We report a new high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) process for C:Ni film. After rapid thermal annealing, graphene was directly fabricated on SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrates. The study systematically investigates the factors influencing the graphene layer number and its quality during preparation, including the C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> flow rate, deposition time, gas pressure, annealing temperature, annealing time, and heating rate. High-quality few-layer graphene was successfully fabricated under a certain condition: a C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> flow rate of 0.6 sccm for 60 s, a working pressure of 0.3 Pa, an annealing time of 10 min and an annealing temperature of 900°С. The results provide a method for synthesizing graphene directly on the substrate at low temperatures by HiPIMS, offering significant potential for advancing graphene preparation technology and the application of graphene materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 112574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}