Diamond and Related Materials最新文献

{"title":"Sensitivity optimization for lock-in detection in nitrogen-vacancy center-based magnetic sensing using resonance frequency tracking method","authors":"Yaowu Lei ,&nbsp;Feng Zhou ,&nbsp;Dong Li ,&nbsp;Dezhi Chen ,&nbsp;Haoliang Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Li ,&nbsp;Zihao Ouyang ,&nbsp;Yuhao Li ,&nbsp;Chen Zuo ,&nbsp;Junchang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds, known for their exceptional sensitivity, spatial resolution, and temperature adaptability, exhibit excellent magnetic field sensing capabilities. To address the time-consuming feature of the frequency-sweeping method, the resonance frequency tracking (RFT) method, based on lock-in detection, has been proposed and widely employed for real-time magnetic field measurements. To further improve the accuracy of this method, this study reports a sensitivity optimization strategy designed to minimize the fluorescence shot-noise-limited sensitivity and the magnetic noise sensitivity. Specifically, based on an all-fiber optical lock-in detection system, we investigate the coupling effects between laser power and microwave power on the fluorescence shot-noise sensitivity and the impact of modulation parameters of lock-in detection on the magnetic noise sensitivity. Furthermore, both simulation and experimental approaches are employed to investigate the mechanisms for optimizing magnetic noise sensitivity under the influence of hyperfine coupling induced by the ¹⁴N isotope. These results provide concrete sensitivity optimization measures for lock-in detection systems using the RFT method, which can be extended to other lock-in detection applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112832"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of laser irradiation on the microstructure and properties of PAN-based carbon fiber during graphitization","authors":"Forthan Umba Mikombe ,&nbsp;Yunxia Ye ,&nbsp;Zhao Yuan ,&nbsp;Yiming Han ,&nbsp;Liping Shi ,&nbsp;Xudong Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fibers (CF) with highly ordered graphitic structure are in demand for various applications. This study introduces fiber laser graphitization that offers a novel approach to enhance the properties of carbon fibers by utilizing precise laser irradiation to induce graphitization of PAN-based carbon fibers. The structural and mechanical properties changes were assessed through different detection and characterization techniques. Upon graphitization at different laser powers, Raman spectra revealed graphitic order features and a significantly increased degree of graphitization. The structural analysis showed an increase in both the out-of-plane (Lc) and in-plane (La) crystallinity, along with the preferred orientation of crystallites in the axial fiber directions. The surface morphology revealed a rough structure attributed to the fast energy supply from the laser power. The HRTEM lattice-fringe showed the growth of graphene layers and the rearrangement of graphite lamellar. The increase in tensile modulus was attributed to changes in crystalline size that outlined the rearrangement and the tensile strength decreased due to both residual stresses and structural defects that were introduced during processing. This research highlights fiber laser as a method to develop carbon fibers with a microstructure that is ultimately beneficial to achieve enhanced mechanical properties while also achieving a high degree of graphitization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112855"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochar-derived activated carbon from chenopodium botrys for dual applications in dye removal and energy storage","authors":"Selma Ekinci ,&nbsp;Erhan Onat ,&nbsp;Abdulkadir Levent ,&nbsp;Ramazan Astan","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the synthesis of activated carbon from <em>Chenopodium botrys</em> biomass through two approaches: direct chemical activation (Cb-AC) and a two-step route involving hydrothermal pretreatment followed by chemical activation (Cb-HC-AC). Structural characterization confirmed that hydrothermal pretreatment introduced abundant oxygen functional groups and facilitated mesopore development. In methylene blue (MB) adsorption experiments, Cb-HC-AC exhibited a maximum capacity of 140.83 mg/g, significantly higher than that of Cb-AC (77.15 mg/g). Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, while isotherm and thermodynamic analyses revealed that adsorption on Cb-HC-AC was endothermic and entropy-driven, in contrast to the exothermic behavior of Cb-AC. Furthermore, Cb-HC-AC demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance as a supercapacitor electrode, achieving a specific capacitance of 441 F/g at 0.2 A/g, 93 % retention after 5000 cycles, and an energy density of 16.94 Wh/kg. These results introduce <em>C. botrys</em> as a novel, sustainable precursor for multifunctional activated carbon and highlight the critical role of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by chemical activation in enhancing both adsorption and energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112834"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local concentration focusing effect on deposition efficiency caused by inlet of fluids in MPCVD reactor","authors":"Zhiguo Tian,&nbsp;Bin Liu,&nbsp;Moran Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (MPCVD) has emerged as a prominent technique for advanced material synthesis, particularly diamond growth, characterized by inherently complex multiphysical phenomena. At moderate gas pressures (on the magnitude of 0.1 atmospheric pressure), flow effects play a substantial role in MPCVD reactors. However, most previous studies choose to neglect these flow characteristics due to huge computational challenges in multiphysical modeling. Empirical evidence has demonstrated that strategic modifications to fluid inlet configurations may enhance diamond deposition rates by an order of magnitude, yet the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. This study implements a comprehensive multiphysical modeling framework incorporating coupled electromagnetic field, plasma field, flow field, and temperature field. Special attention is given to plasma characterization as a multi-component system requiring rigorous treatment through Maxwell–Stefan diffusion theory. However, previous theoretical analysis reveals a critical limitation in conventional Maxwell–Stefan implementations, which is the inherent assumption of inviscid flow. This contradicts the viscous nature of MPCVD operational environments, as evidenced by our simulation results, demonstrating the necessity of viscous diffusion integration in heavy species transport to achieve experimental consistency. The inclusion of viscous diffusion mechanisms reveals enhanced hydrogen atom concentration near substrate apertures through inlet-induced flow modifications. This concentration enhancement directly correlates with improved deposition rates as per the Goodwin–Harris model. Our findings establish that viscous diffusion constitutes a previously overlooked yet critical transport mechanism in MPCVD reactors, complementing conventional mass diffusion and convective transport. This revelation provides new fundamental insights into diamond deposition mechanisms and proposes a novel process optimization paradigm through transport manipulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112840"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the potential of direct graphene patterning via mechanical exfoliation for wearable strain sensors","authors":"Shivam Dubey,&nbsp;Abhay Singh Thakur,&nbsp;Hemant Kumar,&nbsp;Vanshika Sharma,&nbsp;Rahul Vaish","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene-based strain sensor was fabricated through the exfoliation of graphene into a desired shape from a graphite sheet using a self-designed mask. This study aims to demonstrate a facile and environmentally benign method for direct graphene patterning into strain sensors using a single-step mechanical exfoliation process at room temperature. This cost-effective approach avoids chemical treatments and complex equipment, resulting in a highly sensitive and flexible strain sensor. The presence of graphene was confirmed via Raman spectroscopy followed by microstructural studies using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The sensor demonstrated rapid response and recovery times of 170 ms and 175 ms under tensile strain, and 115 ms and 70 ms under compressive strain, respectively. It exhibited excellent stability and durability, maintaining consistent performance over 1000 bending cycles. Furthermore, its integration into motion-monitoring systems effectively captured wrist and knee movements with high sensitivity, showing up to an 80 % resistance change for a 90° knee bend. These results highlight the potential of this sensor for applications in wearable electronics, healthcare, sports performance, and rehabilitation, offering a scalable and efficient solution for real-time strain detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112852"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of robust carbon dot-wrapped PtCu as an efficient counter electrode in liquid junction photovoltaic devices","authors":"Tran Nam Anh ,&nbsp;Dang Thi Hai Linh ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Hien ,&nbsp;Ung Thi Dieu Thuy ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Hanh ,&nbsp;Ho-Suk Choi ,&nbsp;Nang Xuan Ho ,&nbsp;Phan Thi Thanh Huyen ,&nbsp;Van-Duong Dao","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores a green and straightforward strategy to modify and protect counter electrodes (CEs) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). All synthesis steps, including plasma reduction, microwave treatment, and dip-coating, were designed to minimize environmental impact. PtCu-based CEs modified with carbon dots (CDs) exhibited changes in electrocatalytic performance, as suggested by CV, EIS, and Tafel analyses. The effect of CDs loading, adjusted via immersion time, on power conversion efficiency (PCE) was also evaluated. Among the DSCs examined, the highest PCE (6.21 %) was recorded for the device employing a PtCu/CDs counter electrode immersed for 40 min, although the improvement was relatively modest compared to the cell using a PtCu CE (5.83 %). The most notable finding was revealed by impedance measurements on symmetric cells before and after one week of aging. While the charge transfer resistance (R_ct) of the cell using a PtCu CE increased from 39.83 to 789.4 Ω, those incorporating CDs exhibited stable or reduced R_ct values. These findings suggest a potential stabilizing role of CDs at the electrode–electrolyte interface. Nonetheless, further long-term stability tests on complete DSC devices are needed to confirm this effect. This work highlights the potential of CDs for environmentally responsible CE modification in DSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112853"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties of trigraphene nanosheets: Dimension, temperature, defects, and multi-layer effects in armchair and zigzag configurations","authors":"Wei Li ,&nbsp;Ling Su","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the mechanical properties of trigraphene nanosheets, including Young's modulus, ultimate stress, toughness, and fracture behavior, using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations. The effects of side length, temperature, vacancy defects, and the number of layers are systematically analyzed based on stress-strain curves. Results reveal strong anisotropic behavior, with armchair configurations consistently exhibiting superior mechanical properties compared to zigzag configurations. For instance, Young's modulus decreases by 21.5 % in armchair and 15.8 % in zigzag as side length increases from 50 Å to 150 Å. Temperature significantly degrades mechanical properties, with armchair configurations showing greater sensitivity (44.8 % reduction in modulus and 70.5 % reduction in ultimate stress from 200 K to 1000 K) compared to zigzag (38.4 % and 67.3 %, respectively). Additionally, increasing the number of layers reduces toughness by ∼27 % for both configurations, attributed to interlayer interactions and van der Waals forces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112843"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing antibiotic elimination: g-C3N4 modified Al2Cr2O6 nanocomposite for outstanding adsorption of ciprofloxacin","authors":"M.K.M. Ali ,&nbsp;Fayez Alharbi ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ali Ben Aissa ,&nbsp;Abueliz Modwi","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial organic compounds, including antibiotics, represent substantial organic pollutants in wastewater; their remediation is essential. A new g-C₃N₄ modified Al₂Cr₂O₆ nanocomposite serves as an effective platform for the elimination of Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), an antibiotic pollutant. This study developed and evaluated the g-C₃N₄@Al₂Cr₂O₆ nanocomposite as a sorbent to enhance the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing Cipro. Analytical instruments, including XRD, EDX, XPS, BET, SEM, and TEM, were employed to characterize the synthesized adsorbent. The adsorption ability of the g-C₃N₄@Al₂Cr₂O₆ nanocomposite for Cipro was investigated using a batch experimental method under various conditions. The results demonstrated that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cipro was attained after 35 min of contact time at optimal conditions of pH 7 and a temperature of 25 °C. Analysis of thermodynamic parameters reveals that both ΔG° and ΔH° are negative. As a result, adsorption takes place spontaneously and displays an exothermic nature. The Sips model indicates that the g-C₃N₄@Al₂Cr₂O₆ nanocomposite had an adsorption capacity of 95.99 mg/g. The adsorptive uptake kinetics demonstrated adherence to pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics. The g-C₃N₄@Al₂Cr₂O₆ nanocomposite demonstrated a higher adsorption efficiency and exhibited favorable structural stability, as evidenced by XRD. The principal Cipro modes of adsorption were hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic attraction, complexation, and π-π interactions. Our research demonstrates that the adsorbents are a stable, efficient, and recyclable nanocomposite for Cipro adsorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112844"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting electrochemical behavior of biomass-derived porous carbon via N, S, and N, S co-doping for enhanced supercapacitor performance","authors":"Srigitha S. Nath ,&nbsp;K. Chanthirasekaran ,&nbsp;S. Sathiya Priya ,&nbsp;N. Bharathiraja ,&nbsp;Deepak Gupta ,&nbsp;S. Kumaran","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of efficient and sustainable electrode materials is crucial for the future of high-performance supercapacitors. This study effectively synthesized porous carbon materials doped with nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), and dual N, S species from seaweed biomass using pyrolysis and post-synthetic doping. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that N, S co-doping improved graphitic ordering and increased defect density. BET The surface area study indicated that the N, S-co-doped bio‑carbon (NS-BC) demonstrated the largest surface area of 612.3 m² g⁻¹ and a mesoporous structure with a pore volume of 0.63 cm³ g⁻¹. Three-electrode electrochemical experiments showed that NS-BC had a specific capacitance of 890 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, which was much higher than that of its singly doped and undoped counterparts. The NS-BC device demonstrated 92.8 % retention after 5000 cycles and 186 Fg⁻¹ with an energy density of 25.8 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 500 W kg⁻¹ when tested in a symmetric two-electrode configuration. These findings highlight the critical role that heteroatom engineering plays in adjusting the electrochemical behavior of carbons generated from biomass, providing a scalable approach for environmentally friendly energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112850"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and electrochemical performance of carbon-coated three-dimensional porous carbon nanoflowers derived from walnut shells for lithium-ion battery applications","authors":"Ling-he Zeng ,&nbsp;Juan You ,&nbsp;Zhiying Li ,&nbsp;Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Nianbing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel lithium-ion battery material, carbon-coated three-dimensional porous carbon nanoflowers derived from walnut shells (C@WS), was successfully synthesized by utilizing molten salt as a reaction medium to promote the activation of pore-forming agents. The resulting C@WS retains the disordered carbon honeycomb structure inherent in the original walnut shell (WS), with an enhanced specific surface area (930.9 m²g⁻¹ for WS and 1227.1 m²g⁻¹ for C@WS). Moreover, a unique C<img>C core/shell architecture is formed between the carbon coating and the WS substrate. Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that C@WS exhibits excellent lithium storage capacity, delivering a specific capacity of 569.41 mAhg⁻¹ at a current density of 0.1C (40.7 mA g⁻¹). It also shows superior rate capability, maintaining a capacity of 381.45 mAhg⁻¹ at 0.5C, as well as excellent cycling stability and remarkable capacity recovery, retaining 99.3 % of its initial capacity after 900 cycles at 3C. Furthermore, the carbon coating significantly enhances both the initial Coulombic efficiency (by 11.93 %) and the lithium-ion diffusion kinetics, with the diffusion coefficient (DLi⁺) of C@WS (2.52 × 10⁻⁷ cm² s⁻¹) being notably higher than that of WS (1.86 × 10⁻⁷ cm² s⁻¹).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11266,"journal":{"name":"Diamond and Related Materials","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 112845"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}