Diagnostics最新文献

{"title":"Association of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Clinical, Physical, and Reproductive Factors: A Data-Driven Analysis.","authors":"Ismat Ara Begum, A S M Sanwar Hosen, Deepak Ghimire, Mi Jin Park","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15060711","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15060711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder with significant clinical and reproductive implications. Identifying dose-response relationships between clinical, physical, and reproductive factors and PCOS can enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform treatment strategies. This study utilized a data-driven approach to analyze the associations between key factors, including age, weight, menstrual cycle length, Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels, and follicle count, with PCOS prevalence. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted on a dataset of 539 participants to determine the optimal ranges of these factors associated with an increased likelihood of PCOS diagnosis. Statistical analyses were conducted using Python, including correlation matrix, univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and dose-response evaluations. <b>Results:</b> Our findings demonstrated that the risk of PCOS increases positively in women under 32 years of age. AMH levels above 4.18 ng/mL were strongly associated with PCOS, suggesting that higher AMH levels may reflect excessive follicular activity rather than enhanced ovarian function. Weight was positively correlated with PCOS, emphasizing the role of metabolic disturbances in its pathophysiology. Additionally, menstrual cycle length exhibited a non-linear association with PCOS, with both shortened and prolonged cycles being indicative of hormonal dysregulation. A higher follicle count was consistently linked to PCOS, reinforcing its diagnostic significance. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study provides evidence of non-linear dose-response relationships between PCOS and clinical, physical, and reproductive factors. The proposed optimal ranges may serve as valuable reference points for clinicians, aiding in early diagnosis and personalized management strategies for women with PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in Pneumonia Patients in Kazakhstan.","authors":"Vitaliy Strochkov, Vyacheslav Beloussov, Shynggys Orkara, Alyona Lavrinenko, Maxim Solomadin, Sergey Yegorov, Nurlan Sandybayev","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15060704","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15060704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is an increasingly significant nosocomial pathogen causing severe infections globally. The emergence of multidrug-resistant <i>A. baumannii</i> strains has raised concerns about the efficacy of current treatment options. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates from Kazakhstan. <b>Methods</b>: We collected nine <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates in 2022-2023 in Karaganda, Kazakhstan, which were then subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using the IonTorrent platform for genome characterization. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to classify the isolates into distinct clonal complexes. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the standard methods for a range of antibiotics commonly used against <i>A. baumannii</i>. <b>Results</b>: Our results revealed a high degree of genomic diversity among isolates from Kazakhstan, with multiple distinct classes identified: ST78 (<i>n</i> = 4, 44.4%), ST15 (<i>n</i> = 2, 22.2%), ST2 (<i>n</i> = 2, 22.2%), and ST193 (<i>n</i> = 1, 11%). MLST analysis showed that ST78^Pas/1104^Oxf (harboring blaOXA-72 and blaOXA-90 genes) were prevalent among the multidrug-resistant isolates. Based on the results of MLST, KL, and OCL, the analyzed isolates were assigned to specific international clones: IC2-ST2(Pas)-KL2/168-OCL1, IC4-ST15(Pas)-KL9-OCL7, and IC6-ST78(Pas)-KL49-OCL1. Notably, these isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics including meropenem, imipenem, gentamicin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study highlighted the complex molecular epidemiology of <i>A. baumannii</i> in Kazakhstan over a two-year period, underscoring the need for targeted surveillance strategies to monitor antimicrobial resistance patterns. The emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant strains within this timeframe emphasizes the importance of whole-genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool and underscores the challenges posed by these infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dermatomyositis-Related Encephalopathy: Clinical, Neuroimaging and Immunological Characterization.","authors":"Daniel Alberto Carrillo-Vázquez, Carlos Antonio Davizon-López, Alejandro Gutiérrez-Castillo, Jiram Torres-Ruiz, Alfredo Pérez-Fragoso, Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona, Alejandro Barrera-Godínez, Guillermo Juárez-Vega, Lidia Antonia Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Rodrigo Hernández-Ramírez, Diana Gómez-Martín","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15060700","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15060700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease with rarely reported central nervous system involvement, such as encephalopathy. However, no objective characterization of dermatomyositis patients with neurocognitive decline has been previously addressed. <b>Methods</b>: Herein, we describe the immunophenotype, clinical, and neuroimaging features of three DM patients with encephalopathy. <b>Results</b>: The neurocognitive profile of the three patients was characterized by abnormalities in attention, working memory, and language. PET/CT demonstrated temporal and occipital cortical hypometabolism with hypermetabolism in the mesial temporal region, cerebellar, and basal nuclei. The peripheral immunophenotype of DM patients with encephalopathy demonstrated enhanced expression of PD-1+ in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in comparison with DM patients without encephalopathy. In comparison to healthy controls, DM patients with encephalopathy had increased naïve CD4+, CD57+, and CD4+ T cells, effector memory (TEM), and CD73+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, the normalization of cerebral metabolism and clinical behavior after immunosuppressive treatment was evidenced. <b>Conclusions</b>: The PET/CT profile and peripheral immunophenotype (PD-1+, TEM, CD57+, and CD73+) could help to recognize DM patients who are prone to developing encephalopathy symptoms in order to avoid sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruptured Intracranial Dermoid Cyst with Fat Dissemination: A Clinical Case Mimicking an Epidermoid Cyst and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Kalvis Verzemnieks, Roberts Tumelkans, Sintija Strautmane, Verners Roberts Kalejs, Egils Valeinis, Julija Dolgopolova, Tatjana Tone, Arturs Balodis","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15060712","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15060712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Intracranial dermoid cysts (IDCs) are rare benign congenital intracranial lesions. In the case of IDC rupture, these lesions may manifest clinically. Cysts may be visualized on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), facilitating discussions between clinicians and radiologists to determine cyst content and potential dissemination in cases of rupture. This case report describes an IDC rupture presenting as fat-containing lesions in the subarachnoid space and ventricular system, resembling a subarachnoid hemorrhage on MRI. <b>Case Presentation:</b> A thirty-two-year-old Caucasian male patient was admitted to the hospital due to recurrent headaches and visual impairment that began at the age of thirty-one. MRI revealed a lesion radiologically consistent with a ruptured dermoid or epidermoid cyst in the anterior fossa with a mass effect on the optic nerve intracranial segments, the chiasma opticum, and proximal optic tracts. The patient underwent a successful neurosurgical resection of the lesion, and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a dermoid cyst. The postoperative period was uneventful. MRI follow-up revealed residual tissue of the IDC without any volume increase. Multiple punctate fat-containing lesions were noted, similar to previous MRIs. The patient reported no complaints at discharge. Follow-up MRI imaging demonstrated no recurrence or progression of the dermoid cyst at 4 months, 1 year, and 2 years. <b>Conclusions:</b> IDC rupture is a rare event that may present clinically and appear as a blooming artifact on MRI, mimicking subarachnoid hemorrhage. Fat-containing lesions in the subarachnoid space and ventricular system can demonstrate findings indicative of an IDC rupture. MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values may mimic an epidermoid cyst, a phenomenon rarely described in the literature, further complicating the diagnostic process.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Evaluation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Utilizing Finite Element Method.","authors":"Konstantinos Kyparissis, Nikolaos Kladovasilakis, Maria-Styliani Daraki, Anastasios Raptis, Polyzois Tsantrizos, Konstantinos Moulakakis, John Kakisis, Christos Manopoulos, Georgios E Stavroulakis","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15060697","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15060697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> In recent years, more and more numerical tools have been utilized in medicine in or-der to assist the evaluation and decision-making processes for complex clinical cases. Towards this direction, Finite Element Models (FEMs) have emerged as a pivotal tool in medical research, particularly in simulating and understanding the complex fluid and structural behaviors of the circulatory system. Furthermore, this tool can be used for the calculation of certain risks regarding the function of the blood vessels. <b>Methods:</b> The current study developed a computational tool utilizing the finite element method in order to numerically evaluate stresses in aortas with abdominal aneurysms and provide the necessary data for the creation of a patient-specific digital twin of an aorta. More specifically, 12 different cases of aortas with abdominal aneurysms were examined and evaluated. <b>Results:</b> The first step was the 3D reconstruction of the aortas trans-forming the DICOM file into 3D surface models. Then, a finite element material model was developed simulating accurately the mechanical behavior of aortic walls. <b>Conclusions:</b> Through the results of these finite element analyses the values of tension, strain, and displacement were quantified and a rapid risk assessment was provided revealing that larger aneurysmatic regions elevate the risk of aortic rupture with some cases reaching an above 90% risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Full-Wave Simulation of Radiofrequency Birdcage Coils for Musculoskeletal Limb Imaging.","authors":"Giulio Giovannetti, Francesca Frijia, Maria Filomena Santarelli, Vincenzo Positano","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15060713","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15060713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Low-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (fields below 0.5 T) has received increasing attention since the images produced have been shown to be diagnostically equivalent to high-field MR images for specific applications, such as musculoskeletal studies. In recent years, low-field MRI has made great strides in clinical relevance due to advances in high-performance gradients, magnet technology, and the development of organ-specific radiofrequency (RF) coils, as well as advances in acquisition sequence design. For achieving optimized image homogeneity and signal-to-noise Ratio (SNR), the design and simulation of dedicated RF coils is a constraint both in clinical and in many research studies. <b>Methods:</b> This paper describes the application of a numerical full-wave method based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm for the simulation and the design of birdcage coils for musculoskeletal low-field MRI. In particular, the magnetic field pattern in loaded and unloaded conditions was investigated. Moreover, the magnetic field homogeneity variations and the coil detuning after an RF shield insertion were evaluated. Finally, the coil inductance and the sample-induced resistance were estimated. <b>Results:</b> The accuracy of the results was verified by data acquired from two lowpass birdcage prototypes designed for musculoskeletal experiments on a 0.18 T open MR clinical scanner. <b>Conclusions:</b> This work describes the capability of numerical simulations to design RF coils for various scenarios, including the presence of electromagnetic shields and different load conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prebiopsy Magnetic Resonance Imaging Followed by Combination Biopsy for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Biochemical Failure After Treatment Compared to Systematic Biopsy Alone.","authors":"Shima Tayebi, Samuel Tremblay, Jason Koehler, Alon Lazarovich, Fernando Blank, Wei-Wen Hsu, Sadhna Verma, Abhinav Sidana","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15060698","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15060698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis remains a complex field of study. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) technology presents opportunities to enhance diagnostic precision. While recent advances in imaging and biopsy techniques show promise, the oncological implications of prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and combination biopsy (ComBx) are not fully understood. This retrospective study evaluates the potential clinical impact of prebiopsy MRI and ComBx on PCa treatment outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a comprehensive review of treatment-naïve patients undergoing prostate biopsy and subsequent radiation therapy (RT) or radical prostatectomy at the University of Cincinnati Health Center (2014-2020). Patients were categorized into two cohorts: those with prebiopsy mpMRI and ComBx versus those with systematic biopsy (SBx) alone. Patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) > 20 ng/mL were excluded. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was defined as PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/mL post-prostatectomy or ≥2 ng/mL above nadir post-RT. <b>Results:</b> This study included 518 patients (189 SBx, 329 ComBx) with a median follow-up of 19.1 months. Median patient ages were 65.9 years (SBx) and 64.6 years (ComBx). The overall BCR rate was 10% with significantly lower rates in the ComBx group compared to SBx (6.4% vs. 16.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed patients undergoing prebiopsy mpMRI with ComBx were 63% less likely to experience BCR (HR: 0.37, 95%CI 0.20-0.70, <i>p</i> = 0.002). <b>Conclusions:</b> Prebiopsy MRI followed by ComBx demonstrated lower BCR rates, suggesting improved PCa diagnosis and risk stratification. These findings highlight the potential of advanced imaging and biopsy techniques to benefit the management of PCa. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the long-term clinical benefits of this approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Clinical and Radiological Signs of Excessive Occlusal Forces in Bruxism.","authors":"Adrian Marcel Popescu, Mihaela Ionescu, Sanda Mihaela Popescu, Alin Gabriel Ionescu, Diana Elena Vlăduțu, Monica Mihaela Iacov-Crăițoiu, Alexandru Ștefârță, Luana Corina Lascu, Veronica Mercuț","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15060702","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15060702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Excessive occlusal forces manifest in bruxism and have consequences on teeth and jaws. The aim of this study was to determine the association of bruxism with clinical and radiological signs of excessive occlusal forces, such as tooth wear, fatigue dental fissures and fractures, abfraction, masseter muscle hypertrophy, and bone apposition at the mandibular angle. <b>Methods</b>: This cross-sectional clinical study included 181 patients presented for treatment in a general dentistry clinic. For each patient, data were extracted from the dental chart, as follows: demographic data (sex, age, and smoking), clinical data (number of teeth present, Eichner edentulous score, TWI wear score, number of fractured teeth, number of teeth with abfraction, presence of masseter hypertrophy, presence of hypersensitivity), and radiological data (bone apposition at the mandibular angle). The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of bruxism. A binomial logistic regression model was run to determine the association between bruxism and clinical and radiological signs of excessive occlusal forces. The data were statistically processed in SPSS. <b>Results</b>: In total, 99 women and 82 men with mean age 44.87 ± 12.67 were included in the study. Compared to the group without bruxism, the group of patients with bruxism (39.78%) showed statistically significant higher tooth wear index (TWI) (<i>p</i> < 0.0005), a higher number of fractured teeth (<i>p</i> = 0.037), a higher number of teeth with abfraction lesions (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and a significantly higher bone apposition score (<i>p</i> < 0.0005). The binomial logistic regression model showed a high prediction bruxism score for masseter muscle hypertrophy (15 times, <i>p</i> < 0.0005), for tooth wear index (almost 7 times, <i>p</i> = 0.010), and for bone apposition score (almost 3 times, <i>p</i> = 0.044). <b>Conclusions:</b> Patients with bruxism showed masseter muscle hypertrophy, higher attrition-type tooth wear index, and more teeth with fatigue fractures and abfractions than those without bruxism. Bruxism clinical signs were positively correlated with a higher bone apposition score.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Predict Myocardial Dysfunction in a Chemotherapy-Induced Rat Model.","authors":"So Ree Kim, Dong-Hyuk Cho, Jong-Ho Kim, Seong-Mi Park, Mi-Na Kim","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15060705","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15060705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Chemotherapy improves survival in breast cancer patients but increases the risk of myocardial dysfunction and heart failure. Since early prediction of cardiomyopathy remains difficult, biomarkers are needed for detecting myocardial damage before heart failure develops. This study examines the association between oxidative stress biomarkers and myocardial dysfunction in a chemotherapy-induced rat model. <b>Methods:</b> Forty-two rats were randomized into four groups: control (<i>n</i> = 7), doxorubicin only (<i>n</i> = 7), doxorubicin plus trastuzumab (<i>n</i> = 7), and doxorubicin plus trastuzumab with cardioprotective intervention (<i>n</i> = 21). Doxorubicin and trastuzumab were administered sequentially over 28 days. Echocardiography with speckle-tracking was utilized to measure longitudinal strain (LS, -%). Reduced LS was defined by a LS with a median value less than 23% on day 28. Blood samples were collected for biomarker analysis, focusing on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Myocardium fibrosis was assessed using Masson's trichrome staining. <b>Results:</b> Thirty-four rats survived and underwent LS analysis. All rats treated with doxorubicin and trastuzumab exhibited reduced LS, while those receiving cardioprotective intervention maintained preserved LS on day 28. The reduced LS group had significantly lower SOD and higher GSH levels compared to the preserved LS group. SOD and GSH correlated strongly with LS (SOD, r = 0.590, <i>p</i> = 0.001; GSH, r = -0.590, <i>p</i> = 0.003), and LS correlated with fibrosis area (r = -0.660, <i>p</i> < 0.001). SOD and GSH effectively predicted reduced LS. <b>Conclusions:</b> In a rat model of chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy, oxidative stress biomarkers correlated with myocardial dysfunction, as indicated by LS. These findings highlight the potential of biomarker monitoring to improve early detection and prevention strategies for chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atherosclerotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms on Computed Tomography Angiography: A Narrative Review on Spectrum of Findings, Structured Reporting, Treatment, Secondary Complications and Differential Diagnosis.","authors":"Roberta Scicolone, Kosmas I Paraskevas, Giovanni Argiolas, Antonella Balestrieri, Paolo Siotto, Jasjit S Suri, Michele Porcu, Cesare Mantini, Massimo Caulo, Salvatore Masala, Filippo Cademartiri, Roberto Sanfilippo, Luca Saba","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15060706","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15060706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a common vascular pathology with significant morbidity and mortality risks. Timely diagnosis, accurate characterization, and standardized reporting are critical for effective management and monitoring of atherosclerotic AAAs. Imaging modalities, particularly computed tomography angiography (CTA), play a pivotal role in the detection, treatment planning, and identification of both primary and secondary complications, as well as distinguishing AAAs from other etiologies. This narrative review provides a comprehensive exploration of the spectrum of imaging findings in atherosclerotic AAAs on CTA, underscoring the importance of structured reporting. Additionally, it examines therapeutic approaches and complications, and it differentiates AAAs from inflammatory, mycotic, and traumatic variants, serving as a primer for radiologists in AAA evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}