Diagnostics最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Imaging in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Diagnosis to Individualized Therapy.","authors":"Salvatore Lavalle, Alessandro Vitello, Edoardo Masiello, Giuseppe Dell'Anna, Placido Romeo, Angelo Montana, Giambattista Privitera, Michele Cosenza, Domenico Santangelo, Tommaso Russo, Federico Bonomo, Emanuele Sinagra, Partha Pal, Antonio Facciorusso, Fabio Salvatore Macaluso, Ambrogio Orlando, Marcello Maida","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192457","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, requires accurate assessment over time. Imaging techniques play a crucial role in diagnosis, monitoring disease activity, and guiding therapeutic response. This review summarizes the current evidence on radiologic imaging techniques in IBD, focusing on intestinal ultrasound (IUS), computed tomography enterography (CTE), magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), and other emerging technologies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, encompassing publications up to 31 October 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IUS offers a non-invasive tool for assessing bowel wall thickness, vascularity, and complications. CTE and MRE provide detailed visualization of luminal and extraluminal disease, with MRE preferred for routine monitoring due to the absence of ionizing radiation. Standardized indices and scoring systems aid in objective disease activity assessment. Emerging technologies like Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/MRI and radiomics show promise in combining metabolic and morphological information for complex cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Imaging has a central role in IBD management, with IUS, CTE, and MRE demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy. Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are paving the way for precision imaging. Integrating advanced imaging techniques, scoring systems, and AI-driven analytics represents a transformative step toward more effective and individualized care for patients with IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12523921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome, a Rare Cause of Nonresponsive Persistent Dyselectrolytemia.","authors":"Daniela Cana Ruiu, Mihaela Cheie, Mirela Marinela Florescu, Andreea Doriana Stanculescu, Carmen Popescu, Daniela-Teodora Maria, Sebastian Constantin Toma, Naomi Fota, Daniela Calina, Bogdan Silviu Ungureanu","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192459","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Case Presentation:</b> A 67-year-old man presented with transient loss of consciousness and dizziness after weeks of vomiting, weakness, and recurrent syncopal episodes. Initial laboratory findings showed hyponatremia (Na 125 mEq/L), severe hypokalemia (K 2.3 mEq/L), hypochloremia (Cl 77 mEq/L), metabolic alkalemia (pH 7.5; HCO₃^- 34 mEq/L), low serum osmolality (263 mOsm/L) with inappropriately concentrated urine (332 mOsm/kg), and prerenal azotemia (creatinine 3.4 mg/dL; eGFR 19 mL/min/1.73 m²; blood urea 209 mg/dL). Contrast-enhanced CT, along with colonoscopy, identified a large mucus-secreting villous adenoma in the upper rectum. After fluid and electrolyte replacement, the patient underwent surgical resection with complete remission of symptoms and correction of electrolyte abnormalities on follow-up. <b>Conclusion:</b> Rectal villous adenomas should be considered in older adults with unexplained hypovolemia, hypokalemic hyponatremia, and metabolic alkalemia. Early recognition and definitive resection are curative and prevent kidney injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12523882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Value of EUS-FNA in the Differential Diagnosis of Esophageal Strictures Lacking Typical Malignant Features.","authors":"Keyi Zhang, Qi He, Yu Jin, Caihan Duan, Jun Liu, Chaoqun Han, Rong Lin","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192470","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Esophageal strictures lacking typical malignant endoscopic features present a significant diagnostic challenge, often mimicking malignancy on imaging while concealing their true nature under regular white-light endoscopy. This study evaluated the utility of EUS-FNA in the differential diagnosis of such indeterminate strictures. <b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively analyzed 38 patients with suspicious malignant esophageal strictures indicated by CT but lacking definite malignant features on initial white-light gastroscopy. All patients underwent EUS-FNA for definitive pathological diagnosis. Clinicopathological data, imaging reports, endoscopic mucosal features, and procedural outcomes were assessed. <b>Results:</b> Among all 38 patients suspected of esophageal cancer by CT scan, 30 of them had malignant cytology results, including ESCC, EAC, metastatic cancer, and esophageal lymphoma. A total of 8 patients had benign findings, including esophageal tuberculosis, fungal esophagitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and esophageal varices. Critically, EUS-FNA identified benign entities, such as eosinophilic esophagitis and esophageal tuberculosis masquerading as malignancy. CT features and mucosal features are also summarized and analyzed. <b>Conclusions:</b> EUS-FNA is a powerful tool for diagnosing esophageal strictures lacking typical malignant features. It reliably differentiates malignancy from challenging benign mimics, preventing misdiagnosis and guiding appropriate therapy. Clinicians should maintain a high suspicion for both occult malignancy and rare benign conditions in such stenotic lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12524196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145298772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Technologies for the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections: Advances in Molecular Detection and Resistance Profiling.","authors":"Baiken Baimakhanova, Amankeldi Sadanov, Vladimir Berezin, Gul Baimakhanova, Lyudmila Trenozhnikova, Saltanat Orasymbet, Gulnaz Seitimova, Sundetgali Kalmakhanov, Gulzakira Xetayeva, Zhanserik Shynykul, Aizat Seidakhmetova, Aknur Turgumbayeva","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192469","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a considerable challenge within the field of clinical medicine, as they are responsible for significant morbidity and intensify the operational pressures encountered by healthcare systems. Conventional diagnostic approaches, which include symptom evaluation, dipstick urinalysis, and standard urine culture, often demonstrate inadequacies in identifying atypical clinical manifestations, infections with low bacterial counts, or pathogens that show growth difficulties under typical laboratory conditions. These limitations undermine diagnostic accuracy and hinder timely therapeutic measures. <b>Methods</b>: The present manuscript is a systematic review conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A structured search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, yielding 573 records, of which 107 studies were included for qualitative synthesis. The primary aim of this systematic review is to evaluate both conventional and emerging diagnostic methods for UTIs, with specific objectives of assessing their clinical applicability, limitations, and potential to improve patient outcomes. <b>Results</b>: Recent progress in diagnostic technologies offers promising alternatives. Molecular-based assays, such as multiplex polymerase chain reaction, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, and next-generation sequencing, have substantially improved both the precision and efficiency of pathogen identification. Furthermore, contemporary techniques for evaluating antimicrobial susceptibility, including microfluidic systems and real-time phenotypic resistance assays, enable clinicians to execute targeted therapeutic strategies with enhanced efficacy. Results of this synthesis indicate that while conventional diagnostics remain the cornerstone for uncomplicated cases, innovative molecular and phenotypic approaches demonstrate superior performance in detecting low-count bacteriuria, atypical pathogens, and resistance determinants, particularly in complicated and recurrent infections. These innovations support antimicrobial stewardship by reducing dependence on empirical antibiotic treatment and lessening the risk of resistance emergence. <b>Conclusions</b>: Nonetheless, the incorporation of these technologies into clinical practice requires careful consideration of implementation costs, standardization protocols, and the necessary training of healthcare professionals. In conclusion, this systematic review highlights that emerging molecular diagnostics and resistance-profiling tools offer substantial promise in complementing or enhancing traditional methods, but their widespread adoption will depend on robust validation, cost-effectiveness, and integration into clinical workflows.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12524013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145298929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Serum Apelin-13 and Apelin Receptor Levels and the Severity of Disease in Patients Diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.","authors":"Demet Aygun, Nilgün Erten, Ulku Dubus Hos, Mustafa Ibas, Naile Fevziye Misirlioglu, Hafize Uzun","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192461","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objectives:</b> Apelin-13 and its receptor (APJ) are increasingly recognized as key regulators of metabolic pathways that may contribute to the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating apelin-13 and APJ levels with disease severity in patients diagnosed with OSA, considering the impact of obesity. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A total of 105 subjects were enrolled: 35 obese patients with OSA, 35 non-obese patients with OSA, and 35 healthy controls. Demographic data, polysomnographic parameters, metabolic markers, Apelin-13, and APJ levels were compared across groups. Patients were further classified as mild-moderate, or severe OSA for subgroup analysis. Correlations between Apelin-13, APJ, BMI, minimum oxygen saturation (Min SaO₂), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were assessed. ROC analysis was used to examine the potential of Apelin-13 and APJ to predict severe OSA. <b>Results:</b> Apelin-13 levels were significantly higher in obese patients with OSA compared to non-obese OSA and controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas APJ levels were lowest in obese OSA subjects. Apelin-13 showed significant positive correlations with BMI (r = 0.63, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and AHI (r = 0.33, <i>p</i> = 0.005), and a negative correlation with Min SaO₂ (r = -0.35, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Conversely, APJ levels were negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.60, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and AHI (r = -0.40, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and positively correlated with minimum SaO₂ (r = 0.40, <i>p</i> = 0.002). In severe OSA, insulin and HOMA-IR levels were significantly higher than in mild-moderate OSA (<i>p</i> = 0.02 and <i>p</i> = 0.003, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in Apelin-13 and APJ levels by OSA severity category. ROC analysis revealed that neither Apelin-13 nor APJ demonstrated sufficient diagnostic performance to predict severe OSA (AUC = 0.50 and 0.63, respectively). <b>Conclusions:</b> Apelin and APJ levels are correlated with key metabolic and hypoxic parameters in OSA, indicating that the apelin/APJ system may play a compensatory role in mitigating hypoxia-induced and metabolic complications. However, neither marker alone provides sufficient predictive value for disease severity, emphasizing the need for further studies to clarify the mechanisms and potential clinical applications of this system in OSA management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12523690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Baffling Diagnosis of a Rare Case of Polypoid Endometriosis: Neoplasm Mimicking in a Young Pregnant Woman-A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Nicolae Gică, Ioana-Stefania Bostan, George-Dumitru Gheoca, Raluca Chirculescu, Alexandru-Gabriel Bran, Anca Maria Panaitescu, Claudia Mehedințu","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192460","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Polypoid endometriosis is a rare variant of endometriosis that presents as a tumorous mass, making it difficult to differentiate it from a malignant tumor. It usually occurs in perimenopausal women or those undergoing hormone therapy, and its presence in a young pregnant woman is extremely uncommon. <b>Case Presentation</b>: This article describes a rare instance of polypoid ovarian endometriosis in a pregnant woman, a condition with few documented cases in the medical literature. An adnexal mass was discovered incidentally during a routine prenatal ultrasound, with imaging features that raised the suspicion of a neoplastic process and prompted surgery to exclude malignancy. However, histopathological examination of the excised lesion confirmed features compatible with polypoid endometriosis, without revealing evidence of cancer. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of differentiating polypoid endometriosis from ovarian neoplasms, especially during gestation, where imaging findings can be ambiguous. In addition, the hormonal environment inherent in pregnancy may exacerbate the proliferative behavior of endometriotic lesions, thus complicating clinical evaluations. The presence of an adnexal mass in such a setting often requires careful evaluation to balance the risks of surgery with the potential consequences of delayed diagnosis. The data presented emphasize the importance of an accurate diagnosis. In conclusion, a well-coordinated approach ensures the protection of maternal and fetal health. <b>Conclusions</b>: By prioritizing accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plans, physicians can minimize complications and improve outcomes for both mother and child.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12524295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Plasma Fatty Acid Signature of Primary Aldosteronism: Comparison with Essential Hypertension and Longitudinal Therapy Effects.","authors":"Gabriele Mango, Annalisa Castagna, Patrizia Pattini, Sergio De Marchi, Carlotta Spillere, Khulah Sadia, Francesca Begali, Sara Moruzzi, Nicola Martinelli, Luigi Marzano, Simonetta Friso, Francesca Pizzolo","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192465","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Fatty acids (FAs) play crucial roles in human physiology, and their levels have been associated with hypertension, although with inconsistent findings. Primary Aldosteronism (PA), a common, often underdiagnosed form of secondary hypertension, carries a higher risk of organ damage compared to essential hypertension (EH). This study aimed to compare plasma FA profiles of patients with unilateral PA and EH and explore the impact of therapies. <b>Methods</b>: Participants were recruited at the Hypertension Unit of Verona University Hospital. PA diagnosis/subtype was confirmed according to guidelines. Blood samples were collected at enrollment and at follow-up (after treatment with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) and adrenalectomy). Plasma long- and very-long-chain FAs were extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography. <b>Results</b>: Each sample was assessed for a panel of 19 selected FA species. Compared to EH (<i>n</i> = 60), PA patients (<i>n</i> = 22) exhibited lower plasma levels of behenic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.03), total monounsaturated fatty acids (<i>p</i> = 0.02), specifically palmitoleic (<i>p</i> = 0.005) and erucic acids (<i>p</i> = 0.02), and higher levels of ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Longitudinal analysis in PA patients showed that MRAs decreased total saturated FAs (<i>p</i>_ADJ = 0.01) and increased total PUFAs (<i>p</i>_ADJ = 0.006), and these changes were largely maintained even after adrenalectomy. <b>Conclusions</b>: This pilot study reveals significant alterations in the plasma FA profiles of PA patients compared to EH, suggesting a more prominent inflammatory state in PA. Both pharmacological and surgical interventions induced a positive shift in the FA profile of PA patients. These findings highlight the potential of FAs as biomarkers for PA risk stratification and may offer novel therapeutic opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12524198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximal Pulmonary Fat Embolism on Non-Contrast Chest CT.","authors":"Romain L'Huillier, Alexandra Braillon","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192468","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report in this clinical case a proximal pulmonary fat embolism detected on unenhanced chest computed tomography (CT) responsible for a recovered cardiac arrest during a left total hip arthroplasty for a femoral neck fracture. This observation underscores the diagnostic value of integrating a non-contrast phase in chest CT in the postoperative context of orthopedic surgery, as it ensures accurate identification of the fatty nature of pulmonary arterial thrombi and thereby contributes to improved diagnostic accuracy and differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12523309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Machine Learning to Create Prognostic Systems for Primary Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Kevin Guan, Andy Guan, Anwar E Ahmed, Andrew J Waters, Shyh-Han Tan, Dechang Chen","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192462","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Cancer staging, guided by anatomical and clinicopathologic factors, is essential for determining treatment strategies and patient prognosis. The current gold standard for prostate cancer is the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Tumor, Lymph Node, and Metastasis (TNM) Staging System 9th Version (2024). This system incorporates five prognostic variables: tumor (T), spread to lymph nodes (N), metastasis (M), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (P), and Grade Group/Gleason score (G). While effective, further refinement of prognostic systems may improve prediction of patient outcomes and support more individualized treatment. <b>Methods:</b> We applied the Ensemble Algorithm for Clustering Cancer Data (EACCD), an unsupervised machine learning approach. EACCD involves three steps: calculating initial dissimilarities, performing ensemble learning, and conducting hierarchical clustering. We first developed an EACCD model using the five AJCC variables (T, N, M, P, G). The model was then expanded to include two additional factors, age (A) and race (R). Prostate cancer patient data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program from the National Cancer Institute. <b>Results:</b> The EACCD algorithm effectively stratified patients into distinct prognostic groups, each with well-separated survival curves. The five-variable model achieved a concordance index (C-index) of 0.8293 (95% CI: 0.8245-0.8341), while the seven-variable model, including age and race, improved performance to 0.8504 (95% CI: 0.8461-0.8547). Both outperformed the AJCC TNM system, which had a C-index of 0.7676 (95% CI: 0.7622-0.7731). <b>Conclusions:</b> EACCD provides a refined prognostic framework for primary localized prostate cancer, demonstrating superior accuracy over the AJCC staging system. With further validation in independent cohorts, EACCD could enhance risk stratification and support precision oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12523577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Median Nerve Diameter Ratio on Ultrasound as a Complementary Tool to Electrodiagnostic Testing in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.","authors":"Thorsten Lehnhardt, Christian Soost, Jan Adriaan Graw, Rene Burchard, Christopher Bliemel, Artur Barsumyan","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15192464","DOIUrl":"10.3390/diagnostics15192464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common entrapment neuropathy of the upper limb that has a significant clinical and socioeconomic impact. Sonographic short-axis measurement of the median nerve cross-sectional area is a well-established complement to clinical examination and neurography. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the median nerve diameter ratio, distal motor latency, and sensory nerve conduction velocity. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 74 patients (94 hands and 93 evaluations) with carpal tunnel syndrome were examined. Ultrasound was performed using a Siemens Acuson X300 with a 10 MHz linear probe. Median nerve diameters proximal and within the carpal tunnel were measured in a longitudinal scan. The carpal tunnel ratio (proximal diameter/intratunnel diameter) was then calculated and correlated with distal motor latency. <b>Results</b>: No significant correlation was found between distal motor latency and the carpal tunnel ratio (r = 0.018, <i>p</i> = 0.8655). However, a weak, non-significant positive correlation was observed between sensory nerve conduction velocity and carpal tunnel ratio (r = 0.238, <i>p</i> = 0.326). <b>Conclusions</b>: Ultrasound cannot replace electrodiagnostic testing. In this cohort, no statistically significant association was observed between the carpal tunnel ratio and distal motor latency. While our findings do not support the use of this ultrasound parameter as a standalone diagnostic measure, sonographic assessment of the median nerve may still provide complementary information in selected clinical contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12524227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}