Diagnostics最新文献

{"title":"Utility of Biometric Measurements from Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Improved Antenatal Diagnosis of Dandy-Walker Spectrum Posterior Fossa Lesions.","authors":"Rakhee M Bowker, Kranthi K Marathu, Marissa Pharel, Jubril O Adepoju, Farzan Vahedifard, Seth Adler, Mehmet Kocak, Xuchu Liu, Sharon E Byrd","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objective:</b> The accurate diagnosis of congenital central nervous system abnormalities is critical to pre- and postnatal prognostication and management. When an abnormality is found in the posterior fossa of the fetal brain, parental counseling is challenging because of the wide spectrum of clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with Dandy-Walker (DW) spectrum posterior malformations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of biometric measurements obtained from fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to facilitate the prenatal differentiation of Dandy-Walker (DW) spectrum malformations, including vermian hypoplasia (VH), Blake's pouch cyst (BPC), and classic Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM). <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective single-center study evaluated 34 maternal-infant dyads referred for fetal MRI evaluation of suspected DW spectrum malformations identified on antenatal ultrasound. Radiologists took posterior fossa measurements, including the vermis anteroposterior (AP) diameter, vermis height (VH), and tegmento-vermian angle (TVA). The posterior fossa, fourth ventricle, and cisterna magna were classified as normal, large, or dilated. The postnatal imaging findings were evaluated for concordance. The acquired values were compared between the groups and with normative data. The genetic testing results are reported when available. <b>Results:</b> A total of 27 DW spectrum fetal MRI cases were identified, including 7 classic DWMs, 14 VHs, and 6 BPCs. The TVA was significantly higher in the DWM group compared with the VH and BPC groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). All three groups had reduced AP vermis measurements for gestational age compared with normal fetal brains, as well as differences in the means across the groups (<i>p</i> = 0.002). <b>Conclusions:</b> Biometric measurements derived from fetal MRI can effectively facilitate the prenatal differentiation of VH, BPC, and classic DWM when assessing DW spectrum posterior fossa lesions. Standardizing biometric measurements may increase the diagnostic utility of fetal MRI and facilitate improved antenatal counseling and clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of Circulating Tumour DNA (ctDNA) in the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment Monitoring of Gynaecological and Breast Cancers (Review).","authors":"Aleksandra Englisz, Marta Smycz-Kubańska, Patrycja Królewska-Daszczyńska, Magdalena Błaut, Agnieszka Duszyc, Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gynaecological cancers, including endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancers as well as breast cancer, despite numerous studies, still constitute a challenge for modern oncology. For this reason, research aimed at the application of modern diagnostic methods that are useful in early detection, prognosis, and treatment monitoring deserves special attention, Great hopes are currently being placed on the use of liquid biopsy (LB), which examines various tumour components, including cell-free RNA (cfRNA), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, and tumour-educated platelets (TEPs). LB has shown promise as a minimally invasive means of early diagnosis of cancers, detection of recurrence, prediction of therapy response, treatment monitoring, and drug selection. The integration of this test into clinical practice in modern oncology is challenging, but offers many benefits, including reducing the risks associated with invasive procedures, improving diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy, and improving the quality of life of oncology patients. The aim of this review is to present recent reports on the use of ctDNA in diagnosing, predicting the outcome of, and monitoring the treatment of gynaecological and breast cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Strabismus Surgery on Meibomian Glands, Ocular Surface Parameters, and Conjunctival Impression Cytology.","authors":"Şenol Sabancı, Canan Sadullahoğlu, Sibel Yavuz, Mehmet Fatih Küçük, Esra Kızıldağ Özbay, Muhammet Kazım Erol, Berna Doğan","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: To investigate the effect of strabismus surgery on ocular surface parameters, meibomian glands, and conjunctival impression cytology. <b>Methods</b>: Preoperative and postoperative (10th day, first month, and third month) tear break-up time (TBUT) tests, Schirmer 1 tests, corneal staining scores (CSS), meibomian gland (MG) loss rates, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores, and conjunctival impression cytology (IC) results of 30 patients who underwent strabismus surgery were compared. <b>Results</b>: Significant differences were found between preoperative TBUT test results and those evaluated on the postoperative 10th day and at the postoperative first month (<i>p</i> < 0.0001 for both). There were also significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative first- and third-month Schirmer 1 test results (<i>p</i> = 0.02 and <i>p</i> < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, mean OSDI scores significantly differed between preoperative and postoperative 10th-day measurements (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The mean postoperative 10th-day CSS was found to be significantly higher than the preoperative mean CSS (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The stages in preoperative conjunctival IC samples were found to be significantly lower than those evaluated at all postoperative times (<i>p</i> < 0.0001 for all). Significant differences were observed between the preoperative lower eyelid MG loss rate and all postoperative MG loss rates (<i>p</i> < 0.0001 for the 10th day and first month and <i>p</i> < 0.001 for the third month). Lastly, the preoperative upper eyelid MG loss rate significantly differed from all postoperative MG loss rates (<i>p</i> < 0.0001 for the 10th day, <i>p</i> < 0.003 for the first month, and <i>p</i> < 0.0001 for the third month). <b>Conclusions</b>: We observed changes indicative of dry eye in the mean OSDI score, TBUT, Schirmer 1 test, MG loss rates, and conjunctival IC findings up to the postoperative third month in patients who underwent strabismus surgery. Therefore, we believe that patients undergoing strabismus surgery should be followed up for ocular surface diseases, particularly dry eye.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Train-Line Pattern on Duplex Ultrasound Helps Differentiate Intramural Thrombus from Atheromatous Plaque in Common Carotid Artery Dissection.","authors":"Ming-Hsing Chang, Yen-Yu Huang, Fang-I Hsieh, Kuan-Yu Lin, Hsu-Ling Yeh, Kai-Jing Yeh, Li-Ming Lien","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Common carotid artery dissection (CCAD) can result in severe neurological sequelae; however, its diagnosis may be challenging due to consciousness disturbance and aphasia. The objective of this article is to propose a new imaging feature to assist in the identification of CCAD. <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective case series enrolled 139 patients with discharge diagnoses of aortic dissection who underwent carotid ultrasound during admission over a period of three years. <b>Results</b>: Among these patients, 23 had type A aortic dissection, and 113 had type B aortic dissection or related conditions. Notably, among the 23 patients with type A aortic dissection, eight had associated common carotid artery dissection (CCAD), and a total of nine CCAD events were identified. Meanwhile, a B-mode ultrasound revealed six double lumens with intimal flaps and three intramural thrombi. The 'train-line' pattern in ultrasonography was discerned by detecting a hypoechoic thickened wall, which was characterized by a margin formed by two parallel linear reflections in close proximity. This distinctive \"train-line\" pattern was identified in three intimal flaps and two intramural thrombi. <b>Conclusions</b>: While double lumens and intramural thrombus are prevalent findings, the latter may be misinterpreted as atherosclerotic plaque. The \"train-line\" pattern may aid in distinguishing intramural thrombus from atheromatous plaque, offering an additional diagnostic tool alongside the identification of double lumens with intimal flaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic Microbiology: Challenges in Detecting Sexually Transmitted Infections.","authors":"Ana Eira, Jennifer Fadoni, António Amorim, Laura Cainé","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual assault crimes consist of acts committed without consent and represent a major global issue with serious implications for victims. These acts have both short- and long-term consequences on the physical, mental, and sexual health of victims, with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) being one of the direct outcomes of such crimes. Sexually transmitted infections constitute a serious global public health problem and can lead to severe consequences. These infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites and are transmitted through sexual contact. Some of the most common STIs among the general population and victims of sexual crimes include gonorrhoea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and syphilis. In most carriers, these infections are asymptomatic, making their detection particularly challenging. Considering the importance of further research in this field, the primary objectives of this study are to review the existing literature on the incidence of major STIs in victims of sexual crimes, to identify the various risk factors associated with these infections, and to explore their public health implications. Additionally, this study aims to assess different STI detection techniques, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. Studies on this topic are crucial for better understanding the role of sexually transmitted infections in the context of sexual crimes. However, throughout this work, it was verified that point-of-care methods are a good option to allow the diagnosis to be faster and more accurate, when compared to other methods of detecting sexually transmitted infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Utility of Podoplanin Immunohistochemistry Combined with the NanoSuit-Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy Method for Thoracic Malignant Tumors.","authors":"Shin-Ya Katsuragi, Yuri Sakano, Isao Ohta, Hisami Kato, Rei Ishikawa, Hirofumi Watanabe, Ryosuke Miyazaki, Katsuhiro Yoshimura, Hidetaka Yamada, Yasuhiro Sakai, Yusuke Inoue, Yusuke Takanashi, Keigo Sekihara, Kazuhito Funai, Yoshiro Otsuki, Hideya Kawasaki, Kazuya Shinmura","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Differentiating thoracic malignant tumors, such as epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma (EMPM) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), primarily comprising lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), remains a challenge in routine pathological diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate whether podoplanin (PDPN) immunohistochemistry combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using the NanoSuit-correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) methods could serve as a reliable tool for distinguishing these thoracic malignancies. <b>Methods/Results:</b> Initially, PDPN expression was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis in 11 EMPM, 100 LAC, and 23 LSCC cases. PDPN positivity was predominantly observed in the cell membrane and was significantly more frequent in EMPM (100%) than in LAC (2%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) or LSCC (43.5%; <i>p</i> = 0.0018). Subsequently, field emission-SEM (FE-SEM) observations of PDPN-positive sites on immunohistochemical slides, conducted using the NanoSuit-CLEM method, revealed distinctive ultrastructural features. EMPM exhibited densely packed, elongated microvilli, whereas such structures were absent in LAC and LSCC. Furthermore, analysis of thick-cut sections (20 μm) demonstrated extensive microvilli coverage characteristic of EMPM. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that the combined approach of PDPN immunohistochemistry and FE-SEM observation of PDPN-positive sites, using the NanoSuit-CLEM method, constitutes an effective diagnostic strategy for enhancing the accuracy of distinguishing EMPM from NSCLCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Radiologic Changes in Early Recurrent Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis After Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy for Lower Lumbar Segments.","authors":"Chi-Ho Kim, Pius Kim, Chang-Il Ju, Jong-Hun Seo","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> One of the surgical treatments for lumbar foraminal stenosis, full endoscopic foraminotomy, is known for its numerous advantages and favourable clinical outcomes. While previous studies have analyzed preoperative radiological risk factors associated with recurrence within one year after endoscopic foraminal decompression, no research has investigated postoperative radiological changes. The aim of this study is to analyze the radiological changes occurring in cases of early recurrence within six months after endoscopic foraminal decompression. <b>Methods</b>: A retrospective review was conducted on patients with unilateral lumbar foraminal stenosis who underwent full endoscopic foraminotomy at a single institution. The study included 11 recurrent patients who initially experienced symptomatic improvement and sufficient neural decompression on radiological evaluation, but exhibited recurrent radicular pain and radiological restenosis within six months postoperatively. Additionally, 33 control patients with favourable clinical outcomes and no evidence of restenosis were analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative plain X-ray imaging was used to evaluate sagittal and coronal parameters reflecting spinal anatomical characteristics, including disc height, foraminal height, disc wedging, coronal Cobb's angle, total lumbar lordosis angle, segmental lumbar lordosis angle, and dynamic segmental lumbar lordosis angle. The study aimed to analyze postoperative changes in these parameters between the recurrent and control groups. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). <b>Results:</b> There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, sex distribution, presence of adjacent segment disease, or existence of Grade 1 spondylolisthesis. Analysis of preoperative and postoperative radiological changes revealed that, in the recurrent group, disc height and foraminal height showed a significant decrease postoperatively, while disc wedging and the coronal Cobb's angle demonstrated a significant increase. In contrast, the control group exhibited a significant postoperative increase in the total lumbar lordosis angle and segmental lumbar lordosis angle. <b>Conclusions</b>: Progressive worsening of disc wedging and the coronal Cobb's angle, and reductions in disc and foraminal height, along with minimal improvement in lumbar lordosis following TELF, suggest the presence of irreversible preoperative degenerative changes. Careful radiologic assessment and close postoperative monitoring are essential to identify patients at risk of early recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paramedics Performed Sonographic Identification of the Conic Ligament-A Prospective Controlled Trial.","authors":"Johannes Weimer, Christopher David Chrissostomou, Christopher Jonck, Andreas Michael Weimer, Carlotta Ille, Lukas Müller, Liv Annebritt Lorenz, Marie Stäuber, Thomas Vieth, Holger Buggenhagen, Julia Weinmann-Menke, Maximilian Rink, Julian Künzel","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Acute obstructions of the upper respiratory tract are emergencies that may require a cricothyrotomy as ultima ratio. For this, precise identification of the conic ligament is essential. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) offers a reliable tool for anatomical localization in challenging cases and could be used by a range of emergency medicine workers. This prospective, controlled observational study assesses the development of competencies of paramedics (PMs) in point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) assisted identification of the conic ligament after structured training, and compares their competence level to emergency physicians (EPs). <b>Methods</b>: PMs and a control group of EPs received an identical structured training program as part of an ultrasound course. It included a 10-min theoretical introduction, a 10-min video, and a 45-min practical session with ultrasound devices. Questionnaires and a practical test assessed both group's previous experiences, satisfaction with training, and the development of subjective and objective competencies before (T₁) and after (T₂) the training. <b>Results</b>: A total of 120 participants (N = 92 PMs and N = 28 EPs) participated. A minority had previously performed a cricothyrotomy even in training settings (PMs 17%; EPs 11%), and none had identified the conic ligament using POCUS. The study group's subjective and objective competencies increased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001). At T2, the study group demonstrated comparable subjective (<i>p</i> = 0.22) and objective (<i>p</i> = 0.81) competencies to those of the control group. The study group needed significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) less time to perform the DOPS. While both groups were satisfied with the study material (PMs 2.2 ± 1.2 vs. Eps 1.6 ± 1.0; <i>p</i> = 0.02) and the training (PMs 1.8 ± 1.0 vs. EPs 1.4 ± 0.7, <i>p</i> = 0.03), the study group rated both significantly better. <b>Conclusions</b>: After structured training, paramedics successfully identified the conic ligament using POCUS comparably to emergency physicians. Integrating POCUS into paramedic training may improve prehospital airway management and enhance patient safety. Further studies should investigate long-term skill retention and real-life application.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Four Different Anti-CCP Assays for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Diagnostic Performance Analysis.","authors":"Lydia Lamara Mahammed, Tamazouzt Hadjout, Asma Bensaci, Ryma Hamma, Ghalya Bousbia, Nawel Dahmani, Halima Ismail, Nadia Tamechmacht, Reda Djidjik","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies are highly specific markers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Over the past decade, novel automating detection systems have been developed for anti-CCP detection. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performances of three fully automated anti-CCP assays in comparison to a conventional manual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). <b>Methods</b>: One hundred ninety-nine patients with rheumatic symptoms (100 with RA and 99 without RA) were tested for anti-CCP autoantibodies using four assays: a manual-ELISA (EUROIMMUN^®), two chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs) performed on the MAGLUMI X3^® and iFlash 1800^® platforms, and an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) run on the UNI^® analyzer. <b>Results</b>: The Kappa statistic indicated a moderate qualitative agreement among the EUROIMMUN, iFlash, and UNI assays (0.734 ≤ ĸ ≤ 0.778), while the MAGLUMI anti-CCP assay showed only weak-to-moderate agreement with the others (0.510 ≤ ĸ ≤ 0.628). A strong positive correlation was observed between anti-CCP levels measured by the four assays (0.747 ≤ rho ≤ 0.839). At the manufacturers' cut-off values, sensitivities ranged from 76% to 99% and specificities from 69.7% to 99%, depending on the assay. However, at a fixed specificity of 95%, all the four assays showed good diagnostic performances for RA, with sensitivities ranging from 80% to 89% and positive likelihood ratios (LRs+) from 16 to 17.8. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our results revealed that at the manufacturers' cut-offs, the UNI anti-CCP assay was the most valuable alternative to the conventional ELISA for diagnosing RA in our cohort. Nevertheless, after an appropriate adjustment of the thresholds, all the evaluated assays showed good diagnostic performances for RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiomics and AI-Based Prediction of MGMT Methylation Status in Glioblastoma Using Multiparametric MRI: A Hybrid Feature Weighting Approach.","authors":"Erdal Tasci, Ying Zhuge, Longze Zhang, Holly Ning, Jason Y Cheng, Robert W Miller, Kevin Camphausen, Andra V Krauze","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics15101292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary central nervous system tumor with a median survival of 14 months. MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promoter methylation status is a key biomarker as a prognostic indicator and a predictor of chemotherapy response in GBM. Patients with MGMT methylated disease progress later and survive longer (median survival rate 22 vs. 15 months, respectively) as compared to patients with MGMT unmethylated disease. Patients with GBM undergo an MRI of the brain prior to diagnosis and following surgical resection for radiation therapy planning and ongoing follow-up. There is currently no imaging biomarker for GBM. Studies have attempted to connect MGMT methylation status to MRI imaging appearance to determine if brain MRI can be leveraged to provide MGMT status information non-invasively and more expeditiously. <b>Methods</b>: Artificial intelligence (AI) can identify MRI features that are not distinguishable to the human eye and can be linked to MGMT status. We employed the UPenn-GBM dataset patients for whom methylation status was available (<i>n</i> = 146), employing a novel radiomic method grounded in hybrid feature selection and weighting to predict MGMT methylation status. <b>Results</b>: The best MGMT classification and feature selection result obtained resulted in a mean accuracy rate value of 81.6% utilizing 101 selected features and five-fold cross-validation. <b>Conclusions</b>: This compared favorably with similar studies in the literature. Validation with external datasets remains critical to enhance generalizability and propagate robust results while reducing bias. Future directions include multi-channel data integration with radiomic features and deep and ensemble learning methods to improve predictive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11225,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}