Current Eye Research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Choroidal Thickness and Retinal Vessel Density with Serum HIF-1α and TNF-α Level in Patients with OSAS.","authors":"Busra Sagir, Murat Okutucu, Medeni Arpa, Hüseyin Findik, Feyzahan Uzun, Mehmet Gokhan Aslan, Ünal Şahin, Muhammet Kaim","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2386355","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2386355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To reveal changes in choroidal thickness, retinal vessel density, and serum HIF-1α and TNF-α levels in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and their correlation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective case-control study included 118 patients divided into mild-to-moderate OSAS (<i>n</i> = 40), severe OSAS (<i>n</i> = 39), and a control group (<i>n</i> = 39). Choroidal thickness was evaluated with OCT, vessel density with OCTA, AHI index with polysomnography, and serum HIF-1α and TNF-α levels were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serum HIF-1α values of the participants in the mild-moderate OSAS and severe OSAS groups were [893.25(406.7-2068) and 1027(453-2527), respectively], and were both significantly higher than the control group [(521.5(231.6-2741))] (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Serum TNF-α levels did not differ significantly between the groups (<i>p</i> = 0.051).). Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) values of the severe OSAS groups were significantly lower than the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The superficial and deep capillary plexus vascular density (SVD and DVD) values of the severe OSAS group were lower than the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Serum HIF-1α and TNF-α levels of all participants were negatively correlated with both their SVD values (<i>p</i> < 0.05, r: -0.220 and <i>p</i> < 0.05, r: -0.252, respectively) and their DVD values (<i>p</i> < 0.001, r: -0.324 and <i>p</i> = 0.001, r: -0.299, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased serum levels of inflammatory mediators (HIF-1α ve TNF-α) in OSAS cause a decrease in SFCT, SVD, and DVD, which is an indication of systemic vascular damage. Further research on developing treatment strategies to modulate TNF-α ve HIF-1α may help recede vascular morbidity in OSAS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141906171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASPP2 Upregulation as a Novel Approach to TGF-β2-Induced Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy <i>In Vivo</i> and <i>In Vitro</i>.","authors":"Xiaoli Chen, Yankun Yue, Haiwei Wang, Lu Liu","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2388686","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2388686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) can cause blindness and the pathogenesis is unclear. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RPE cells is vital. P53 protein 2 (ASPP2) was previously reported to inhibit EMT in PVR rats, but the specific mechanism is unveiled.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TGF-β was used to induce EMT in ARPE-19 cells, and evaluated by immunofluorescence and western blot. ARPE-19 cells were transfected with scrambled/ASPP2-lentivirus, followed by TGF-β treatment. After that, alterations of EMT and autophagy were measured by western blot and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, TGF-β and ARPE-19 cells treated with scrambled/ASPP2-lentivirus were employed to establish the PVR model <i>via</i> intravitreal injection to SD rats, and retinal changes as well as EMT and autophagy activity were evaluated accordingly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ASPP2 expression was decreased during TGF-β-induced EMT in ARPE-19 cells. <i>In vitro</i>, EMT and autophagy was activated by TGF-β, which could be partly reversed by ASPP2 upregulation. <i>In vivo</i>, ASPP2 upregulation protected against structural and functional changes in PVR retinas. Additionally, expressions of EMT and autophagy markers in retinas were inhibited by ASPP2 upregulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ASPP2 upregulation inhibited the EMT and autophagy process caused by TGF-β in ARPE-19 cells. Correspondingly, upregulation of ASPP2 alleviated intraocular fibrosis and protected visual function in PVR rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"74-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Genetic Risk: A Population-based Study.","authors":"Davide Garzone, Mohammed Aslam Imtiaz, Matthias M Mauschitz, N Ahmad Aziz, Frank G Holz, Monique M B Breteler, Robert P Finger","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2388692","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2388692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Specific genetic factors might serve as markers for risk stratification of AMD progression, but their association with key features of AMD has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we investigated the association between overall and pathway-specific genetic risk scores (GRS) and lead loci (<i>ARMS2, CFH</i>) with AMD stages and features of high-risk nonlate AMD, including reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and large drusen area (LDA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Rhineland Study, a population-based study in Bonn, Germany. We included 4016 individuals aged 50 years and older of European descent. GRS and pathway-specific subscores were constructed based on a large genome-wide association study of AMD. Subscores were generated based on gene-pathways associations (complement, extracellular matrix remodeling (ECM) and lipid metabolism). Associations were assessed using logistic and multinomial regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 63.36 years and 1813 (45.1%) were men. The GRS was positive in 48.1% of individuals and increased, but did not fully overlap, across AMD stages. Pathway-specific subscores increased across AMD stages except for the ECM subscore, which only showed a trend for increasing in late AMD. Increasing overall GRS was associated with RPD and LDA (OR [95%CI] for RPD: 1.70 [1.33-2.15], for LDA: 1.64 [1.29-2.07]) among individuals with AMD. Similarly, higher complement and ECM subscores was associated with RPD, while for LDA, only an association with complement subscore was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a population-based setting, we confirmed higher genetic risk to be associated with more severe AMD and identified associations with high-risk features of intermediate AMD. Conjoint analyses suggested that high-risk features and late AMD might be differentially associated with genetic architecture in AMD, such as ECM remodeling. Incorporation of genetic information such as GRSs might improve AMD risk prediction strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"82-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Findings Following Accelerated Corneal Crosslinking Protocols Using Different Riboflavin Formulations and Soaking Durations.","authors":"Tuna Celik-Buyuktepe, Omur O Ucakhan","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2385441","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2385441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To comparatively evaluate the influence of different riboflavin formulations and soaking durations on the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) findings following accelerated corneal crosslinking (ACXL) at 9 mW/cm² for in progressive keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study, consecutive patients with progressive keratoconus were randomized into 4 groups. Group 1: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based riboflavin for 10 min; Group 2: HPMC-based riboflavin for 20 min; Group 3: dextran-based riboflavin (0.1%) for 30 min. Riboflavin soaking was followed by ultraviolet-A irradiation at 9 mW/cm² for 10 min in all three groups. Group 4 underwent conventional CXL (CCXL) using Dresden protocol. The AS-OCT features of the crosslinked cornea were evaluated at postoperative month 1 and correlated to the clinical outcomes at postoperative month 12.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled 26 eyes of 26 patients in each group. In groups 1 and 2, the AS-OCT findings were similar (<i>p</i> > .05) and the demarcation lines depth (DLD) were deep as obtained following CCXL. The DLD was significantly shallower in group 3 compared to the other groups (<i>p</i> < .01). There were no between-group differences in regards to the visual, refractive, keratometric, and tomographic outcomes at postoperative month 12. No significant endothelial cell loss or any other clinically significant adverse event was encountered in any patient's eye at 12 months follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although structural variations were noted in the crosslinked cornea, DLDs observed following ACXL (9 mW/cm²) using HPMC-based solution for 10 or 20 min were similar to those observed following CCXL. Whereas, ACXL (9 mW/cm²) using dextran-based solution for 30 min resulted in the shallowest DLD. Despite these remodeling differences, the visual, refractive and tomographic outcomes of all groups were comparable at postoperative 1-year follow-up. Studies with a greater number of patients and longer follow-ups are required to establish any relation between AS-OCT characteristics of crosslinked cornea and ACXL efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autologous Serum Eye Drops Diluted with Cyclosporine A 0.05% and Sodium Hyaluronate 0.1%: An Experimental Comparative Study.","authors":"Rajan Sharma, Ashok Sharma, Vandita Kakkar, Komal Saini, Janardhana P Balakrishna, Verinder S Nirankari","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2385442","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2385442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to assess <i>in-vitro</i> efficacy of a suffusion of autologous serum withcyclosporine 0.05% (CsA) and sodium hyaluronate 0.1% (SH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression of proinflammatory markers interleukin 6 (IL-6) and TNF-Alpha (TNF-α) in limbal epithelial cells was evaluated. Also, assessment of the stability of epithelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta (EGF, TGF-β) in the 50% combinations with autologous serum (AS) was done. The characteristics (pH, density, osmolality) of the two combinations were also evaluated. Additionally, cytotoxicity effect of given test compounds was evaluated on human limbal epithelial cells (LEpiC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of cells expressing IL-6 subjected to AS + SH and AS + CsA were 6.23% and 5.69% respectively. There was no significant difference in percentage of cells expressing TNF-α between the formulations (5.87%, 5.83% respectively). The growth factors; EGF and TGF-β remained stable forone month duration (on 2 and 4 weeks) at 4 °C without significant difference between the time intervals tested. The results of MTT assay suggested that limbal epithelial cells treated with AS + CsA and AS + SH combinations showed minimal toxicity however it was not significant statistically (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two test combinations (AS + CsA, AS + SH) showed stable growth factors (EGF, TGF-β) and good anti-inflammatory property against pro-inflammatory markers. Also, the 2 combinations were found safe on cultured limbal epithelial cells. The novel combination of autologous serum in CsA may provide added benefit in dry eye disease (DED) through their combined anti-inflammatory and epitheliotropic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Slit2</i> Promotes H₂O₂-Induced Lens Epithelial Cells Oxidative Damage and Age-Related Cataract.","authors":"Lingzhi Fu, Qing Yang, Yuanyuan Han, Feng Sun, Jiacheng Jin, Jianfeng Wang","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2388698","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2388698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To analyze the role of <i>Slit2</i> in lens epithelial cell oxidative damage and its underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human lens epithelial cells (SRA01/04 cells) and rat transparent lens were cultured with H₂O₂ to establish cell oxidative stress models and rat cataract models. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot assays were employed to detect <i>Slit2</i> levels within age-related cataracts(ARC) lens anterior capsule samples, rat cataract models, and cell oxidative stress models. In this study, qRT-PCR and Western blot assays were performed to derermine E-cadherin, N-cadherin, occludens1(ZO-1), α-SMA(α‑smooth muscle actin), Bcl-2, Bax, p-AKT, and AKT levels. In addition, Flow cytometry were performed to examine reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis. Cell viability, invasion, and migration were detected by CCK8, Transwell, and Wound healing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increased expression of <i>Slit2</i> was found in ARC lens anterior capsule samples, H₂O₂-induced rat cataract models, and Human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) oxidative stress models. H₂O₂ significantly increased cell apoptosis and ROS generation, also accelerating cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, H₂O₂ treatment repressed AKT phosphorylation and cell viability. Knock-down of <i>Slit2</i> promoted cell viability and AKT phosphorylation levels, as well as repressed cell invasion, migration, apoptosis, ROS production and EMT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Slit2</i> promoted lens epithelial cells oxidative stress damage <i>via</i> the AKT signalling pathways, providing a novel insight in ARC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Decrease in Autophagy Increases the Level of Collagen Type I Expression in Scleral Fibroblasts.","authors":"Yingjie Zhang, Yi Zhu, Fang Li, Qimin Zhou, Jibo Zhou","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2393370","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2393370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Autophagy dysregulation triggers extracellular matrix remodeling via changes in cellular collagen levels and protease secretion. However, the effect of autophagy on scleral extracellular matrix remodeling in the context of myopia is not fully understood. In this study, we measured the level of autophagy in sclera of form deprivation myopic guinea pigs; we also sought a correlation between the level of autophagy in human scleral fibroblasts and the extent of COL1A1 synthesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured the level of COL1A1 expression and the levels of autophagic protein markers in scleral tissues <i>in vivo</i> using a form deprivation myopic guinea pig model. Rapamycin and chloroquine were respectively used to activate and inhibit autophagy in cultured human scleral fibroblasts. COL1A1 gene and protein expression levels were analyzed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Levels of autophagy-related proteins were assessed via Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sclera of form deprivation myopic guinea pig eyes exhibited decreased expression of COL1A1 and increased expression level of autophagy. After chloroquine exposure, human scleral fibroblasts exhibited decreased autophagy and increased COL1A1 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inhibition of scleral fibroblast autophagy increased COL1A1 expression at the gene and protein levels, thus explaining the effect of autophagy on collagen synthesis by scleral fibroblasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image Contrast and Spectral Transmission of Presbyopia-Correcting Intraocular Lenses: Evaluating the Impact of Nd:YAG Laser Associated Defects.","authors":"Andreas F Borkenstein, Eva-Maria Borkenstein, Pooria Omidi, Achim Langenbucher","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2391382","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2391382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy is considered gold standard in the treatment of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). In this laboratory study, we measured spectral transmission to evaluate the image contrast and analyze the impact of Nd:YAG associated defects in presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses (IOLs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hydrophobic, acrylic IOLs as classic multifocal lenses with diffractive ring segments and different amount of near addition (A, B), one hydrophilic, trifocal IOL (C), one sector-shaped, plate haptic IOL (D) and one hydrophobic, enhanced depth of focus (EDOF) IOL (E) were studied. Measurements included surface topography characterization, United States Air Force resolution test chart (USAF) analysis, spectral transmittance measurements and through focus contrast measurement. Measurements were done with unaltered samples, damages (<i>n</i> = 7) were intentionally created in the central 3.5 mm zone using a photodisruption laser (2.0 mJ) and measurements were repeated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were shown between unmodified samples and samples with YAG pits. The YAG-pits decreased the image contrast and spectral transmission and changed results of USAF test images. The imaging contrast decreased to 66%, 64%, 60%, 52% and 59% with the YAG shots in samples (A-E). The light transmission decreased to 88%, 87%, 92%, 79% and 91% (A-E) on average between 400 nm to 800 nm. In all IOLs a reduction of the relative intensity of transmitted light was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The image performance of all tested presbyopia-correcting IOLs is significantly influenced and disturbed by YAG-pits. The intensity of transmitted light is reduced in the wavelength between 450-800 nm. USAF test targets show worse results compared to unmodified samples and contrast is significantly deteriorated. No ranking/rating among tested IOLs should be made as many other factors play a role in real world scenario. High care should be taken when performing Nd:YAG capsulotomy on premium IOLs to avoid any damages.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Bedtime and Altered Diurnal Axial Length Rhythms of the Eye.","authors":"Xiao Nicole Liu, Stephanie Ee Leen Yap, Xiao-Yu Eric Chen, Krupa Philip, Thomas John Naduvilath, Padmaja R Sankaridurg","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2396383","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2396383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Affecting one-third of the population worldwide and increasing, the sight-threatening condition myopia is causing a significant socio-economic burden. To better understand its etiology, recent studies investigated the role of ocular and systemic rhythms, yet results are conflicting. Here we profiled 24-h variations of axial length of the eye and salivary melatonin concentration in young adults with and without myopia and explored the potential impacts of bedtime on these rhythms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 25 healthy young adults (age 25.0 ± 4.8 years, 13 females) completed this study, including 13 myopes (mean spherical equivalent refractive error -2.93 ± 1.46 diopters) and 12 non-myopes (0.14 ± 0.42 diopters). Saliva sample collection and axial length measurements were repeated for seven times over 24 h starting from 8 am. Information on sleep and chronotype was collected at first visit with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant diurnal rhythms of axial length and salivary melatonin concentration were identified in both refractive groups (both <i>p</i> < 0.001), with no myopia-related rhythm difference (interaction of measurement time-point × myopia, <i>p</i> = 0.9). Late bedtime was associated with altered rhythms (<i>p</i> = 0.009) and smaller diurnal change (<i>p</i> = 0.01) in axial length. Elevated melatonin levels were observed in myopes (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and in late sleepers (<i>p</i> = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that sleep/wake cycles may be involved in the regulation of axial length rhythms. Further research is needed to determine if there exists a causal relationship between the two.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scleral Remodeling in Early Recovery from Induced Experimental Myopia.","authors":"Denise Hileeto, Jonathan M Wong, Elizabeth L Irving","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2024.2443221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2024.2443221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore the contribution and impact of fibrous scleral remodeling in the early recovery from lens induced myopia of chicks.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Refractive error, axial length and histopathological studies were performed on chicks subject to myopic influence with -10 D goggles unilaterally on the day of hatching for a period of 14 days, after which the eyes were enucleated and immediately fixed for histopathological assessment. Three groups, myopia (measurements taken directly after 14 days), early recovery from induced myopia (chicks allowed a three-hour recovery period by removing goggles before analysis) and control (no goggles) were evaluated. The histological slides were assessed with bright field microscopy using Leica image analysis software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early recovery from induced myopia resulted in a significant increase in the thickness of fibrous sclera to levels twice as high as the ones observed in the control or myopia groups. Histochemical staining revealed three times increase in fibroblast cell count of the early recovery from induced myopia group along with a statistically significant increase in levels of elastin contents relative to the control. However, fibroblast morphometry revealed no difference in maximum cell diameter, perimeter, and area between all experimental groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recovery from induced experimental myopia results in fibrous scleral remodeling. Significant increase in the scleral thickness is related to heightened cell proliferation and elastic fiber contents. These results indicate that the fibrous sclera is not a passive component in the emmetropization process, but rather plays a significant and active role in the adaptation changes of the eye during early recovery from induced myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}