Causal Association of Galectins and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

IF 2 4区医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Current Eye Research Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI:10.1080/02713683.2025.2516804

Shanshan Yang, Cong Zheng, Qianyin Zheng, Yi Gong

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes. Previous observation studies identified the association between Galectins (Gal) and the risk of DR, but the causal relationship between Gal and the risk of DR is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the causal associations between circulating galectins (Gal) family levels and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its phenotypes including proliferative DR (PDR), background DR (BDR), and severe non-proliferative background DR (SNPDR) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as instrumental variables (IVs) were identified from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Qualified SNPs associated with Gals were selected via strict screening process. The causal association between Gal family levels and the risk of DR was analyzed using MR analysis. The main MR method was Inverse variance weighted (IVW). Causal estimates before and after outlier removal were presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: The results of IVW indicated that Gal-4 levels were causally related to elevated risk of DR (OR = 1.068, 95%CI: 1.006-1.133), and PDR (OR = 1.084, 95%CI: 1.004-1.169). Gal-3 had causal effect on the risk of SNPDR (OR = 1.455, 95%CI: 1.103-1.919). Gal-3 binding protein was causally associated with higher risk of SNPDR (OR = 1.295, 95%CI: 1.014-1.654). In addition, Gal-9 had causal association with decreased risk of SNPDR (OR = 0.669, 95%CI: 0.491-0.911). Leave-one-out analysis depicted that no individual SNP could affect the causal associations of Gal-4 with DR and PDR, Gal-3, Gal-3 binding protein and Gal-9 with SNPDR.

Conclusion: Gal-4 levels were causally related to elevated risk of DR, and PDR. Gal-3 and Gal-3 binding protein had causal effect on increased risk of SNPDR while Gal-9 had causal effect on decreased risk of SNPDR.

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半乳糖凝集素与糖尿病视网膜病变的因果关系：一项双样本孟德尔随机研究。

目的：糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病常见的微血管并发症。先前的观察性研究确定了半乳糖凝集素（Gal）与DR风险之间的关联，但Gal与DR风险之间的因果关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨循环半乳糖凝集素（Gal）家族水平与糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）及其表型（包括增殖性DR （PDR）、背景性DR （BDR）和严重非增殖性背景DR (SNPDR)）风险之间的因果关系。方法：单核苷酸多态性（SNP）作为工具变量（IVs）从以往的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）中鉴定。通过严格的筛选过程选择与gal相关的合格snp。利用磁共振分析分析Gal家族水平与DR风险之间的因果关系。磁共振成像的主要方法是逆方差加权（IVW）。去除异常值前后的因果估计以95%置信区间（CI）的优势比（OR）表示。结果：IVW结果显示，Gal-4水平与DR （OR = 1.068, 95%CI: 1.006-1.133）和PDR （OR = 1.084, 95%CI: 1.004-1.169）风险升高有因果关系。Gal-3对SNPDR风险有因果影响（OR = 1.4555, 95%CI: 1.103-1.919）。Gal-3结合蛋白与SNPDR的高风险有因果关系（OR = 1.295, 95%CI: 1.014-1.654）。此外，Gal-9与SNPDR风险降低有因果关系（OR = 0.669, 95%CI: 0.491-0.911）。留一分析显示，没有单个SNP影响Gal-4与DR和PDR、Gal-3、Gal-3结合蛋白和Gal-9与SNPDR的因果关系。结论：Gal-4水平与DR、PDR风险升高有因果关系。Gal-3和Gal-3结合蛋白对SNPDR风险增加有因果关系，Gal-9对SNPDR风险降低有因果关系。

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来源期刊

Current Eye Research 医学-眼科学

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

163

审稿时长

12 months

期刊介绍： The principal aim of Current Eye Research is to provide rapid publication of full papers, short communications and mini-reviews, all high quality. Current Eye Research publishes articles encompassing all the areas of eye research. Subject areas include the following: clinical research, anatomy, physiology, biophysics, biochemistry, pharmacology, developmental biology, microbiology and immunology.