Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Fructose Consumption in Pregnancy and Associations with Maternal and Offspring Hepatic and Whole-Body Adiposity in Rodents: A Scoping Review","authors":"Grace Zhao ,&nbsp;Sarah Chondon ,&nbsp;Clint Gray ,&nbsp;Sheridan Gentili ,&nbsp;Meagan Stanley ,&nbsp;Timothy RH Regnault","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Excess fructose consumption has been linked to adverse metabolic health, including impaired hepatic function and increased adiposity. The early life period, including preconception, pregnancy, and the newborn period, are critical periods in determining later metabolic health. However, the impact of excess fructose intake during this time on maternal, fetal, and offspring hepatic and whole-body adiposity, is not well defined.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To understand the effects of maternal fructose consumption pre- and during pregnancy on maternal, fetal, and offspring hepatic and whole-body adiposity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed up to October 4, 2024, to identify animal and human studies that focused on maternal fructose consumption pre- and during pregnancy on hepatic and whole-body adiposity in the mother, fetus, and offspring. Citations, abstracts, and full texts were screened in duplicate. Hepatic adiposity was defined as elevated hepatic triglycerides or overall hepatic lipid accumulation. Whole-body adiposity was defined as increased adipose tissue, serum lipids, or adipocyte hypertrophy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After screening 2538 citations, 37 experimental rodent studies reporting maternal fructose consumption pre- and during pregnancy in rodents were included. No human studies met the inclusion criteria. Prenatal fructose exposure was associated with maternal (9 of 12) and offspring (7 of 11) whole-body adiposity. A high proportion of studies (13 of 14) supported the association between fructose during pregnancy and increased maternal hepatic adiposity. Fetal hepatic adiposity and elevated expression of hepatic lipogenic proteins were noted in 4 studies. Offspring hepatic adiposity was supported in 16 of the 20 articles that discussed hepatic results, with 5 studies demonstrating more severe effects in female offspring.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Fructose consumption during pregnancy in rodent models is associated with maternal, fetal, and offspring hepatic and whole-body adiposity with underlying sex-specific effects. No human studies met the inclusion criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Registration number</h3><div>H8F26 on Open Science Framework (<span><span>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/H8F26</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gendered Social Norms, Exceptions, and Sanctions: Implications for Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Nutrition in Nigeria","authors":"Elizabeth Costenbader ,&nbsp;Christina Memmott ,&nbsp;Kate Litvin ,&nbsp;Mackenzie Green ,&nbsp;Nnenna Mba-Oduwusi ,&nbsp;Izuchukwu Offiaeli ,&nbsp;Nemat Hajeebhoy","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nigerian pregnant and lactating women continue to experience high rates of malnutrition and Nigerian women experience long-term discrimination in the allocation and control of productive resources. Nigeria has policies and a governance architecture in place to advance nutrition, but these commitments lack recognition of how gender equity and nutrition are interwoven.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To address this gap, this study sought to identify and analyze the influence of gender dynamics and gender norms on nutrition and health-related practices in Nigeria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used a combination of qualitative participatory activities and participant observation and questions to elicit information about the root causes of maternal, infant, and young child nutrition (MIYCN) and health concerns and typical nutrition and health practices in communities located across each of Nigeria’s 6 geopolitical zones. This analysis was informed by social norms theory and sought evidence of gender norms, as well as related social sanctions and norms exceptions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analysis of discussions with 503 participating men and women identified 3 overarching gender meta-norms that dictate women’s mobility, gendered delineation of household tasks, and gendered decision-making and, therefore, in turn influence women’s and men’s engagement in recommended MIYCN behaviors such as involvement in production and purchasing of nutritious foods and seeking healthcare and nutrition counseling. Participants also described strong traditional gender ideologies and sanctions that uphold these restrictive norms. Encouragingly, participants described some exceptions to norms, which could indicate changing gender norms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Nigeria currently has one of the highest rates of acute food and nutrition insecurity in Africa and contends with persistent gender inequalities. Interventions are needed that more explicitly tackle the links between gender inequality and nutrition. This analysis revealed gender meta-norms, and related sanctions and exceptions that affect multiple MIYCN behaviors and offer potential entry points for community engagement, programming, and policy around these issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Acquisition Coping Strategies Vary Based on Food Security Among University Students","authors":"Emily Sklar ,&nbsp;Gwen M Chodur ,&nbsp;Leslie Kemp ,&nbsp;Deborah S Fetter ,&nbsp;Rachel E Scherr","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Food insecurity on college campuses is a pressing issue, yet the ways in which students manage challenges and disruptions to their food security status (FSS) are poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to examine knowledge of food insecurity as a concept, evaluate FSS, identify food acquisition-related behaviors, and determine whether these behaviors differ among FSS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>University students at increased risk of experiencing food insecurity (<em>n</em> = 43) were recruited for this mixed-methods study. Participants were surveyed about their FSS, coping strategies, and use of food access resources. Subsequent interviews occurred to evaluate their understanding of food insecurity as a concept and related food acquisition behaviors. The total number of coping strategies and food access resources used were quantified, and composite variables were created. Differences based on FSS classification were examined through regression analyses. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated using concurrent triangulation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite targeted recruitment efforts, 76% of participants were classified as food secure by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Adult Food Security Survey Module (AFSSM). Participants were able to define food insecurity and identify circumstances that could contribute to an individual becoming food insecure. However, many participants described experiences that suggested the USDA AFSSM may not accurately capture students' true FSS. Most individuals faced significant challenges in maintaining food security. Participants used a series of coping strategies and food access resources to maintain or improve their food security, regardless of FSS, which included couponing, strategizing when food was low, and sharing food with housemates. Additionally, participants expressed concerns that their use of food access resources may deprive others with greater need.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results from this study shed insight on the complexities of food insecurity in the university setting, providing useful data to inform the development of better programs, outreach, and evaluation tools that encapsulate the many unique factors that make up FSS for students.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Micronutrient Intake and the Prevalence of Metabolic Conditions among Children from the United States–Affiliated Pacific Region in the Children’s Healthy Living Program","authors":"Lucia A Seale ,&nbsp;Ashley B Yamanaka ,&nbsp;Kristi Hammond ,&nbsp;Eunjung Lim ,&nbsp;Lynne R Wilkens ,&nbsp;Pauline McFall ,&nbsp;Tanisha F Aflague ,&nbsp;Patricia Coleman ,&nbsp;Travis Fleming ,&nbsp;Leslie Shallcross ,&nbsp;Jonathan Deenik ,&nbsp;Rachel Novotny","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nutritional intake during childhood can shape health and well-being throughout life. Although excess macronutrient intake is considered the main driver of obesity development, micronutrients, i.e., minerals and vitamins, can potentiate or ameliorate pathological processes of adiposity. Hence, the micronutrient intake relationship to childhood obesity can guide precision approaches to nutritional needs, considering the dietary habits of a population. Childhood obesity is a health disparity throughout the United States–Affiliated Pacific (USAP) region.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study examined the association between micronutrient intake with body mass index (BMI in kg/m²) and the presence of insulin resistance proxy, acanthosis nigricans (AN), in 3529 children aged 2–8 y from the USAP region in the Children’s Healthy Living study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The association of micronutrient intakes with BMI and the presence of AN was stratified by World Bank income groups. Main food sources for micronutrients were also identified from 2 d of food records. Obesity and AN were measured by standardized staff.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most USAP children did not meet daily intake recommendations for micronutrients, with low intake of calcium, potassium, vitamin D, vitamin E, excess sodium, vitamin A, folate, and niacin. Obesity was directly associated with thiamin intake and inversely associated with selenium intake. AN was inversely associated with calcium, copper, iron, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin D, and vitamin E intakes and directly associated with selenium and pantothenic acid intake. Micronutrient intake imbalances were most associated with insulin resistance and obesity in lower-middle and high-income groups in the USAP region, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The profile of micronutrient intake in USAP children and its association with obesity and insulin resistance can be used to provide precision nutrition policy guidance according to the World Bank income group to improve micronutrient intake and curb childhood obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Minimum Dietary Diversity For Women Indicator Can Be Extended To Children And Adolescents aged 4-15 Years As A Proxy Population Indicator For Good Micronutrient Adequacy Of Diets In Low- and Middle-Income Countries","authors":"Loty Diop ,&nbsp;Aulo Gelli ,&nbsp;Lieven Huybregts ,&nbsp;Joanne E Arsenault ,&nbsp;Lilia Bliznashka ,&nbsp;Erick Boy ,&nbsp;Megan Deitchler ,&nbsp;Carl Lachat ,&nbsp;Mourad Moursi ,&nbsp;Angelica M Ochoa-Avilés ,&nbsp;Deanna K Olney ,&nbsp;Elodie Becquey","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The response to the global call for more data on children’s and adolescents’ diets and nutrition is limited by the lack of straightforward practical indicators to track their diet quality. On the basis of a food group score compiled from 10 food groups (FGS-10), the minimum dietary diversity for women, calculated as FGS-10 ≥ 5, is a validated proxy population indicator for better micronutrient intake adequacy for adult women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to validate FGS-10 and its related cutoffs against micronutrient intake adequacy in 4–15-y-old children/adolescents in LMICs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a secondary data analysis of 9 datasets of repeated 24-h recalls or weighed records including 11,524 children/adolescents aged 4–15 y, collected in 7 countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Ecuador, India, Malawi, Uganda, and Zambia) between 2007 and 2022. For each dataset and the pooled sample (meta-analysis), we assessed the association between FGS-10 and the mean probability of adequacy (MPA) of intake over 8 micronutrients (MPA-8), and the performance of several FGS-10 cutoffs in predicting acceptable (≥0.60) and good (≥0.80) levels of MPA-8. Robustness analyses used the 7 datasets with data on 11 micronutrients (MPA-11).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FGS-10 ranged from 3.0 to 4.8 across datasets, and the proportion of children/adolescents with acceptable MPA-8 ranged from 8.4% to 74%. Positive and significant associations between FGS-10 and MPA-8 were found in all datasets and the pooled sample. The optimal cutoff varied across datasets from FGS-10 ≥ 4 to FGS-10 ≥ 6. In the pooled sample, FGS-10 ≥ 5 had the highest performances in predicting acceptable and good levels of MPA-8. FGS-10 ≥ 5 was also the best proxy indicator for MPA-11 ≥ 0.80.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The continuous FGS-10 and dichotomous FGS-10 ≥ 5 may be extended to 4–15-y-old children/adolescents in LMICs. In this population, FGS-10 ≥ 5 can be used as a proxy population indicator for good micronutrient adequacy of diets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11719312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Diet Quality in Elite and Entry-Level Military Women Compared With Civilian-Matched Counterparts","authors":"Tyler E Oliver ,&nbsp;Soothesuk Kusumpa ,&nbsp;Laura J Lutz ,&nbsp;James P McClung ,&nbsp;Holly L McClung","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dietary intake is a modifiable factor linked to short-term and long-term health. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is an objective measure to assess diet quality and population-level comparisons, like military to civilian.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to characterize diet quality of early-career and mid-career female soldiers compared with that of age-matches and sex-matched civilians and to link indicators of cardiometabolic disease risk to dietary outcomes and health status.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a retrospective, cross-sectional assessment of HEI-2020 scores with cardiometabolic profiles of female elite warfighters (FEWs) and basic combat trainees using Block food frequency questionnaires and blood biomarkers. FEW (<em>n</em> = 13; 30 ± 6 y, mean ± SD) and graduates of elite combat training and basic combat training (BCT; <em>n</em> = 150, 21 ± 4 y) from Ft. Sill, Oklahoma, with stratified (time, sex, and age) civilian data (NHANES) were compared. The Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon rank sum and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to assess group differences. Weights, strata, and primary sampling units were used to account for NHANES sampling design, with FEW and BCT subjects assigned a weight, strata, and primary sampling unit of 1. Nonplausible reporters identified as women reporting an energy intake of &lt;300 or &gt; 4500 kcal/d were excluded from the analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean HEI-2020 scores were greater in both FEW and BCT than those in NHANES groups (FEW: 67 ± 11 compared with 48 ± 15; pre-BCT: 60 ± 12 and post-BCT: 68 ± 11 compared with 50 ± 13). Diet quality for military groups were greater in 11 of the 13 HEI components than those for NHANES groups. Biomarkers associated with cardiometabolic disease risk (lipid profile, glucose, and insulin) improved in FEW and BCT compared with that in NHANES groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>FEW consumes a healthier diet than BCT and civilian women. Outcomes suggest the military nutrition environment promotes female warfighter health and warrants further research for understanding the impact of diet associated with long-term health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Purchasing Frozen, Fresh, Canned, and Dried Produce in a Nationally Representative Sample of United States Households","authors":"Graham E Bastian ,&nbsp;Joslyn K Russell ,&nbsp;Annie J Roe ,&nbsp;Raveen Rani","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Frozen fruits and vegetables (FV) are convenient, cost-effective, reduce food waste, and can be just as nutritious as their fresh counterparts. Despite these numerous advantages, it is unclear which consumer segments are more likely to purchase frozen FV, especially compared with fresh, canned, or dried FV, which could help inform targeted nutrition education interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study is to explore sociodemographic factors associated with increased or decreased odds of purchasing frozen, fresh, canned, and dried FV in a nationally representative sample.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A secondary data analysis was conducted using publicly available data from the nationally representative 2021 United States Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Expenditure Diary Surveys, in which participants were instructed to record all household expenditures during a 2-wk timeframe. Chi-square analyses and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions were used to explore the associations between the included sociodemographic variables and FV purchasing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the final sample (<em>n</em> = 6028), 230 purchased frozen fruits and 1163 purchased frozen vegetables during the study period. Households with higher income, higher educational attainment, and more children &lt;18 y had higher odds of purchasing any type of FV. Households utilizing the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) had higher odds of purchasing frozen vegetables after controlling for other variables (odds ratio: 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.99, 1.56, <em>P</em> = 0.07). Compared with White non-Hispanic-led households, Asian- and Hispanic-led households had higher odds of purchasing fresh FV and lower odds of purchasing frozen vegetables.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of this exploratory study could inform future research, particularly regarding the factors that influence the frozen FV perceptions of SNAP consumers and Hispanic and Asian households. Since nutrition educators who teach SNAP participants already promote frozen FV, studies that investigate how SNAP consumers’ perceptions change because of such interventions are also warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Daily Fiber Intake Among Cirrhotic Patients With and Without Portosystemic Shunts","authors":"Simona Parisse ,&nbsp;Sara Carnevale ,&nbsp;Elio Damato ,&nbsp;Flaminia Ferri ,&nbsp;Monica Mischitelli ,&nbsp;Mario Corona ,&nbsp;Pierleone Lucatelli ,&nbsp;Alfredo Cantafora ,&nbsp;Adriano De Santis ,&nbsp;Domenico Alvaro ,&nbsp;Maurizio Muscaritoli ,&nbsp;Stefano Ginanni Corradini","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A diet rich in fiber, especially soluble fiber, causes cholestatic liver damage and fibrosis in animal models with intestinal dysbiosis, high serum bile acid concentrations, and congenital portosystemic shunts (PSs), but no data on patients with cirrhosis (CIRs) are available.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate whether dietary fiber consumption was associated with clinical outcomes of CIRs and whether their effect differed according to the presence of PSs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Daily soluble and insoluble fiber intake was extrapolated from 3-d food diaries in 25 patients with chronic hepatitis (CH) and 80 CIRs outpatient liver transplant candidates abstinent from alcohol and nonviremic for ≥6 mo. In CIRs, the presence of PSs was verified by computed tomography, and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was calculated at enrollment and after 6 mo.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PSs were present in 48 (60%) CIRs. The MELD score after 6 mo, compared with enrollment, had improved in 19 and 10 CIRs with and without PSs, respectively. By adjusting for confounders in logistic regression models we found that improvement in MELD over time was inversely associated with insoluble fiber consumption expressed in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) body weight in CIRs without PSs [odds ratio (OR): 0.968; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.939, 0.997; <em>P</em> = 0.005] but with soluble fiber consumption in CIRs with PSs [OR: 0.946; 95% CI: 0.912, 0.982; <em>P</em> = 0.001]. In CIRs with PSs, soluble fiber consumption was inversely associated with normal serum alkaline phosphatase values at enrollment [OR: 0.964; 95% CI: 0.963, 0.993; <em>P</em> = 0.010]. CHs with normal serum alanine transaminase consumed significantly more soluble fiber (p=0.015) than those with abnormal alanine transaminase.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The clinical impact of dietary fiber changes from beneficial to harmful as the stage of chronic liver disease progresses. In particular, in the advanced cirrhosis stage with PSs, soluble fiber intake appears to significantly influence disease progression and should be kept low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Livelihood Diversification on Rural Households’ Food and Nutrition Security: Evidence from West Shoa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Firafis Haile ,&nbsp;Jema Haji Mohamed ,&nbsp;Chanaylew Seyoum Aweke ,&nbsp;Terefe Tolessa Muleta","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Food and nutrition insecurities continue to be significant issues for communities in developed and developing countries, even when there are plentiful harvests. In Ethiopia, climate change and other human-induced challenges are key factors contributing to this insecurity. Research and development experts suggest that implementing sustainable livelihood diversification strategies could be a viable solution.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of the study was to analyze the determinants of choice of livelihood diversification strategies and its impact on food and nutrition security among smallholder farmers in the West Shoa zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The research employed quantitative approaches for data gathering and analysis. A multistage sampling method was utilized to choose the study locations. A total of 385 smallholder farming households (215 diversifiers and 170 nondiversifiers) were randomly chosen as participants from the 2 districts and 7 rural villages in the area. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, and cross-tabs) and econometric models [multinomial logit model and multinomial endogenous switching regression (MESR) model] were employed to analyze the quantitative data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>More than half (56%) of the farming households were able to diversify their livelihoods, whereas the remaining 44% were unable to do so, indicating a lack of means to engage in any form of livelihood diversification activity beyond agriculture. The results of the multinomial logit regression model revealed that various factors such as gender, age, family size, education level, farm experience, social norms, land ownership, livestock possession, access to credit, access to extension services, working capital, government policies, climate variability, livelihood training, and proximity to markets significantly influenced smallholder farming households’ choices and adoption of diversification strategies. The MESR model demonstrated that engaging in farming and off-farming activities could increase food and nutrition security for farm households by 74.6% and 33.3%, respectively. Similarly, participating in farming and nonfarming activities was associated with a 71.3% improvement in food security and a 42.3% enhancement in nutrition security. However, combining farming with both nonfarm and off-farm activities did not have a significant impact on food security, but it did lead to a 15.2% increase in nutrition security.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Involving smallholder farmers in livelihood diversification reduces poverty, food insecurity, and unemployment. This study shows that diversifying livelihoods positively impacts food and nutrition security by enabling farmers to produce more for consumption and income generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Dose Caffeine Supplementation Is a Valuable Strategy for Increasing Time to Exhaustion, Explosive Power, and Reducing Muscle Soreness in Professional Male Kickboxers","authors":"Maziar Saremi ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Shahriari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hemmatinafar ,&nbsp;Rasoul Rezaei ,&nbsp;Alireza Niknam ,&nbsp;Michael Nordvall ,&nbsp;Alexei Wong ,&nbsp;Reza Bagheri","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Caffeine is a well-established ergogenic aid that enhances physical performance and recovery. However, its dose-dependent effects on key performance metrics in combat sports like kickboxing remain insufficiently explored.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varied doses of acute caffeine supplementation on performance indices and perceived muscle pain in kickboxing athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve kickboxing athletes participated in 3 exercise sessions with either caffeine supplementation (3 mg/kg [C3], 6 mg/kg [C6]) or placebo (PLA). A 1-wk washout period occurred between exercise trials. Caffeine was supplemented 60 min before each exercise session. In each session, participants first performed a vertical jump and the Wingate anaerobic tests. After a 45-min rest, they completed the Bruce maximal aerobic treadmill test. Measured performance variables included vertical jump height, Wingate test outcomes (relative power [peak, mean power, and lowest], and fatigue index), maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max), oxygen consumption at the ventilatory threshold (VT₂), time-to-exhaustion, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and muscle soreness assessed immediately, at 2 h, and 12 h postexercise.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>C3 and C6 significantly increased time-to-exhaustion following treadmill testing (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) but had no effect on the Wingate fatigue index (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Compared with PLA, C3 and C6 significantly increased vertical jump (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). C3 significantly increased relative peak power (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas C6 and PLA did not during the Wingate test (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Muscle soreness after 2 h showed a significant decrease after C6 compared with C3 and PLA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, no significant effect was observed for VO_2max, %VO_2max at VT₂, and RPE (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) for all treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Acute supplementation of 3 to 6 mg/kg doses of caffeine-induced relative improvements in anaerobic and lower-body muscular power, muscle soreness, and time-to-exhaustion in male kickboxing athletes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}