Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Exercise Training Plus Dietary Interventions on Ectopic Fat in Population with Overweight/Obesity with and without Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Metaregression of Randomized Clinical Trials","authors":"Fatemeh Kazeminasab ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Mahboobi ,&nbsp;Motahareh Mohebinejad ,&nbsp;Maedeh Nojoumi ,&nbsp;Saba Belyani ,&nbsp;Donny M Camera ,&nbsp;Sajjad Moradi ,&nbsp;Reza Bagheri","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The growing prevalence of obesity and related chronic diseases has led to increased interest in interventions targeting ectopic fat reduction to which its accumulation is linked to metabolic dysfunction.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined exercise training combined with dietary interventions compared with dietary interventions alone on ectopic fat [visceral fat area (VFA), liver fat, intramuscular fat (IMF), pancreatic fat, renal sinus fat, and pericardial and epicardial fats] in adults with overweight and obesity, both with and without chronic diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were searched for original articles up to 1 March, 2024, that included exercise compared with control interventions on body weight and ectopic fat in adults with overweight or obesity. Weighted mean differences (WMD) for body weight, liver fat, pancreatic fat, and renal sinus fat and standardized mean differences (SMD) for VFA, IMF, pericardial and epicardial fats, and 95% confidence intervals were determined using random-effects models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-two studies, including 1488 participants and 38 intervention groups, met the inclusion criteria. The combined intervention of exercise and diet did not reduce body weight (WMD = –0.23 kg, <em>P</em> = 0.180), liver fat (WMD = 0.05%, <em>P</em> = 0.730), IMF (SMD = –0.08, <em>P</em> = 0.640), pericardial and epicardial fats (SMD = –0.12, <em>P</em> = 0.280), pancreatic fat (WMD = –0.24%, <em>P</em> = 0.370), and renal sinus fat (WMD = 0.01 cm², <em>P</em> = 0.170) when compared with a diet-only group. Interestingly, exercise combined with diet significantly reduced VFA in participants with obesity (SMD = –0.12, <em>P</em> = 0.040) and healthy males (SMD = –0.33, <em>P</em> = 0.001) when compared with a diet-only group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings suggest that combined exercise and dietary interventions did not lead to significant reductions in most ectopic fat depots when compared with diet alone. However, a modest reduction in VFA was observed in participants with obesity and healthy males. These results highlight the nuanced impact of exercise in combination with dietary interventions and the need to consider specific fat depots and participant characteristics in obesity management strategies.</div><div>The trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42024546770.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 104574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Study the Effects of Dietary Lipids on the Small Intestinal Microbiome? Methodological Design and Evaluation of the Human HealThy fAt, haPpy mIcRobiome (TAPIR) Proof-of-Concept Study","authors":"Lonneke JanssenDuijghuijsen ,&nbsp;Karen Fransen ,&nbsp;Ruolei Deng ,&nbsp;Corine Perenboom ,&nbsp;Nicole de Wit ,&nbsp;Guido Hooiveld ,&nbsp;Mara van Trijp","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emerging evidence highlights the importance of the small intestinal microbiota in digestion and metabolism, underscoring the challenging need for human studies beyond fecal analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The TAPIR (acronym of “healthy fat, happy microbiome”) proof-of-concept study was primarily designed to confirm the interaction between the small intestinal microbiota and dietary lipids in healthy adults with a challenge test. We also aimed to assess the impact of a plant-based mild-ketogenic preconditioning diet on microbiome composition and function. Here, we comprehensively describe our extensive study protocol and evaluate the study execution.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants consumed an 8-day preconditioning diet, followed by a high-fat shake challenge test on day 9. During this test, fasting and postprandial small intestinal aspirates were collected every 20 min via a naso-intestinal catheter, and blood samples were collected hourly. Participants ingested small intestine aspiration capsules before (day 0), on day 6 of the preconditioning diet, and during the challenge test. Dietary compliance, capsule retrieval, sample collection, stool pattern, and gastrointestinal complaints were monitored to evaluate study execution.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty adults with a mean age of 48 y (19–88 y) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.3 kg/m² (19.5–30 kg/m²) consumed a preconditioning diet with a 96% compliance. There were no significant changes in gastrointestinal complaints and stool patterns during the study. Mean aspiration capsule retrieval rate was 94.7%, with mean sample weights per timepoint between 84.2 and 95.4 mg and median transit times between 32.8 and 49.3 h. The average success rate of aspirate collection by catheter was 49%, varying significantly between time points.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The dietary intervention was successful and well-tolerated. We sampled in the small intestine with capsules and catheters, each with its own (dis)advantages. The comprehensive description and evaluation of our study execution offer practical insights supporting future study designs in food-microbe interactions in the small intestine.</div><div>The trial is registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT06064266.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 104564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Adaptation, Implementation, and Performance Evaluation of Intake24, a Digital 24-h Dietary Recall Tool for South Asian Populations: The South Asia Biobank","authors":"Divya Bhagtani ,&nbsp;Birdem Amoutzopoulos ,&nbsp;Toni Steer ,&nbsp;David Collins ,&nbsp;Suzanna Abraham ,&nbsp;Bridget A Holmes ,&nbsp;Baldeesh K Rai ,&nbsp;Rajendra Pradeepa ,&nbsp;Sara Mahmood ,&nbsp;Abu Ahmed Shamim ,&nbsp;Poorvee Mathur ,&nbsp;Lathika Athauda ,&nbsp;Laksara De Silva ,&nbsp;Khadija I Khawaja ,&nbsp;Vinitaa Jha ,&nbsp;Anuradhani Kasturiratne ,&nbsp;Prasad Katulanda ,&nbsp;Malay K Mridha ,&nbsp;Ranjit M Anjana ,&nbsp;John C Chambers ,&nbsp;Nita G Forouhi","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>South Asia’s diverse food supply, food preparations, and eating behaviors require dietary instruments that reflect the consumption patterns of South Asians to enable context specific dietary assessment. Such instruments are not readily available for detailed dietary assessment at scale in South Asia.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We describe the adaptation, implementation, and performance evaluation of Intake24, an open-source digital 24-h dietary recall tool, for dietary assessment in South Asia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We adapted Intake24 for dietary assessment in the South Asia Biobank (SAB), a large population-based study in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Intake24 adaptation encompassed the development of a South Asian food database with commonly consumed foods, linked with corresponding portion sizes, food probes, and nutrient information. Trained interviewers conducted the 24-h recalls. Performance of Intake24 was evaluated in 29,113 South Asian adults.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The South Asia Intake24 food database included 2283 items and demonstrated good coverage of foods consumed across SAB regions. Median recall completion time was 13 min. Quality control metrics showed 99% of recalls included &gt;8 items and 8% had missing foods. Median energy intake was higher in younger individuals compared to older, and in males compared to females. Underweight participants reported lower energy intake, with no discernible difference across other BMI categories.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Intake24 enables comprehensive dietary assessment in regions of South Asia and will facilitate the analysis of dietary patterns, food and nutrient intake, and their relationship with health outcomes among South Asians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 104543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Where” and “What” Do Adolescent Athletes Learn When It Comes to Food Literacy Compared With Adolescents that Do Not Play Sports? A Gender-Based Thematic Analysis","authors":"Alysha L Deslippe ,&nbsp;Coralie Bergeron ,&nbsp;Olivia Y Wu ,&nbsp;Kimberley J Hernandez ,&nbsp;Emilie Comtois-Rousseau ,&nbsp;Tamara R Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Food literacy skills (e.g., nutrition knowledge, social, cultural, economic, and environmental impacts of food) play a role in high school (13–18 y) athletes’ health and performance. Literature suggests that adolescents are rarely taught concepts beyond nutrition knowledge, and experiences differ with gender or sports involvement. To improve all adolescents’ food literacy, we aimed to clarify differences in athletes’ and nonathletes’ food literacy to inform food literacy program design.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to contrast athletes’ and nonathletes’ food literacy using a gender lens.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted 33 semistructured interviews with adolescents from a high school. Adolescents were recruited to balance sports involvement and sex with each self-identifying their gender (<em>n</em> = 15 boys; <em>n</em> = 14 girls; <em>n</em> = 4 nonbinary). Using inductive and deductive techniques, we thematically analyzed the data. Deductive codes were drawn from the Food Literacy for Young Adults Framework including Functional (e.g., nutrition literacy), Relational (e.g., joy in shared meals), and Systems (e.g., food sustainability) competencies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Functional competencies were learned most and often through social media. When it came to differences in food literacy experiences between athletes and nonathletes, athletes valued more credible sources of information (e.g., parents compared with peers) and viewed food as fuel (e.g., eating for hunger cues) instead of as a way to form social bonds. Gender also played a role in adolescents’ recognition of the connection between food and mental health (function competency) and the sources of information athlete boys and girls valued (personal knowledge compared with romantic partners).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Improving all adolescents’ food literacy starts with developing skills to judge information credibility (e.g., media literacy). Programs, where adolescent athletes and nonathletes learn together,should also address challenges these groups face, such as eating for performance compared with socialization, the impact of gender on how adolescents view associations between food and mental health, and credible sources of information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 104525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Marketing of Unhealthy Foods and Non-alcoholic Beverages to Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review","authors":"Gabriela Fretes ,&nbsp;Paula Veliz ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Narvaez ,&nbsp;D’Arcy Williams ,&nbsp;Romain Sibille ,&nbsp;Maaike Arts ,&nbsp;Jef L Leroy","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With growing access to electronic devices and time spent online, the food and beverage industry increasingly uses digital media to market unhealthy foods and non-alcoholic beverages (high in unhealthy fats, sugars, and/or salt and often highly processed) to children and adolescents. We conducted a narrative review of the global evidence on digital marketing of these foods and drinks and studied policies and regulations in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Evidence was limited to a few high, upper-middle and lower-middle income countries where children and adolescents were found to be extensively exposed to the digital marketing of unhealthy foods and non-alcoholic beverages and this exposure increased with age. A wide range of purposefully designed marketing techniques were used. Exposure to the digital marketing of unhealthy foods appears to be followed by increased consumption, but the quality of the evidence was limited. Accurate assessment of exposure was a shortcoming in most studies. Stronger evidence will require studies with more rigorous designs that minimize confounding and objectively quantify individual exposure. Mandatory comprehensive policies are needed that limit exposure of children and adolescents to the marketing of unhealthy foods and non-alcoholic beverages irrespective of the medium or platform they use. The experience of LAC countries may provide insights for the development of effective policies in other countries. Novel technologies that can be used by governments to monitor digital marketing regulations are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 104545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of Creatine Monohydrate Improves Sprint Performance but Has no Effect on Glycolytic Contribution: A Nonrandomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial in Trained Cyclists","authors":"Benedikt Meixner ,&nbsp;Johanna Stegmaier ,&nbsp;Peter Renner ,&nbsp;Karsten Koehler ,&nbsp;Woo-Hwi Yang ,&nbsp;Billy Sperlich","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sprint performance may be crucial for athletes in sprint and endurance sports. In this regard, the maximal glycolytic rate (νLa_max) is a variable within Mader’s model of metabolism that is commonly tested in a 15-s all-out sprint test. The product of lactate accumulation (ΔLa) and lactate distribution space approximated by fat-free mass (FFM) is strongly linked to sprint performance. Creatine monohydrate is a widely used ergogenic aid known for increasing anaerobic performance and FFM and the phosphagenic system contributes most to a 15-s all-out sprint.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of creatine supplementation of 15-s work, FFM, and ΔLa.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty male and 5 female cyclists underwent a placebo-controlled, crossover design with 4 laboratory visits. After a familiarization trial, baseline measurements were performed. Placebo (4 × 5 g/d maltodextrin) and creatine monohydrate (4 × 5 g/d) were administered for 5 d before the respective trials. All participants underwent this order of trials and performed a 15-s all-out sprint test on a Cyclus2-ergometer. Capillary blood was sampled before and every minute (for 8 min) after the sprint to determine ΔLa. Body composition was determined employing bioelectric impedance analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Creatine supplementation significantly increased 15-s work output and FFM compared with baseline and placebo conditions. However, no significant differences were found in capillary blood lactate accumulation (ΔLa) or glycolytic contribution.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results indicate potential differences in limitations of sprint performance of participants. Responders to creatine supplementation are potentially limited by mechanical or metabolic factors. The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering supplementation of creatine monohydrate when undergoing testing for the maximal glycolytic rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 104561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum for ‘P24-044-24 The Impact of Enhancing Nutrition and Antenatal Infection Treatment on Birth Outcomes in Amhara, Ethiopia: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Effectiveness Study’ [Current Developments in Nutrition 8S2 (2024)]","authors":"Yunhee Kang ,&nbsp;Firehiwot Workneh ,&nbsp;Kalkidan Yibeltal ,&nbsp;Nebiyou Fasil ,&nbsp;Sitota Tsegaye ,&nbsp;Estifanos Baye ,&nbsp;Yoseph Berhane ,&nbsp;Workagegnehu Tarekegn Kidane ,&nbsp;Mulatu Melese Derebe ,&nbsp;Fred Van Dyk ,&nbsp;Michelle Eglovitch ,&nbsp;Ingrid E Olson ,&nbsp;Mandefro M Mengistie ,&nbsp;Fisseha Shiferie ,&nbsp;Fitsum Tsegaye ,&nbsp;Tigest Shifraw ,&nbsp;Chunling Lu ,&nbsp;Krysten North ,&nbsp;Grace J Chan ,&nbsp;Sheila Isanaka ,&nbsp;Anne CC Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104553","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 104553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berberine Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cell Development and Decreases Inflammation: Involvement of miRNAs and IL-6","authors":"Nour Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Nawal Alsadi ,&nbsp;Hamed Yasavoli-Sharahi ,&nbsp;Roghayeh Shahbazi ,&nbsp;Mary Joe Hebbo ,&nbsp;Darshan Kambli ,&nbsp;Florencia Balcells ,&nbsp;Chantal Matar","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Breast cancer (BC) is a health concern worldwide and is often accompanied by depressive symptoms in patients. In BC, elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels contribute to an inflammatory signature linked to cancer stem cell (CSC) stemness and depressive behaviors. Bioactive food components, such as berberine (BBR), have preventative effects against BC by targeting CSCs.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of BBR on breast CSC proliferation, on levels of specific micro (mi)RNAs and IL-6 in vitro and in vivo, and in alleviating depressive-like behaviors in mice with BC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mammosphere formation assays were conducted by treating murine 4T1 and human MDA-MB-231 BC cell lines with BBR. qPCR analysis of miRNAs miR-let-7c and miR-34a-5p was performed on 4T1 CSCs exposed to BBR. BBR was administered orally to female BALB/c, followed by injection with mammary carcinoma cells to induce BC. Behavioral tests were conducted to assess depressive-like behaviors. Tumor tissues were collected for ex vivo mammosphere assays, miRNA expression analysis, and IL-6 detection by ELISA. Serum was also collected for IL-6 analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>BBR treatment inhibited mammosphere formation and proliferation of CSCs derived from 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Quantification of mammosphere formation showed a significant decrease in both cell lines at 75 μM BBR (4T1: <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001; MDA-MB-231: <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). BBR upregulated the expression of miRNAs miR-let-7c and miR-34a in both cell lines, with miR-34a showing a significant increase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and let-7c showing a significant increase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in expression. In vivo, oral administration of BBR reduced mammosphere formation in breast tumor tissues (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and elevated expression of miR-145 and miR-34a, with both showing significant upregulation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), indicating its potential tumor-suppressive effects. BBR treatment resulted in a significant decrease in serum IL-6 levels (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), suggesting anti-inflammatory properties, while the IL-6 in tumor tissue did not show significant changes (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in depressive-like behaviors between control and treatment groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>BBR may have the potential to be used as an “Epi-Natural Compound” to prevent cancer by reducing inflammation and affecting epigenetics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 104532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School Milk Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean","authors":"Ayala Wineman ,&nbsp;Maria Martinez ,&nbsp;Nicole Jacquet ,&nbsp;Eth Ludmilla Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Arlene Mitchell","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>School milk programs have a long history in Latin America and the Caribbean. In recent decades, the region has undergone a nutrition transition characterized by a rise in children’s overweight/obesity, which adds new challenges for school-based programs.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This article aimed to unpack how school milk programs in the region have fared as of 2022 and what drives their success (or lack thereof).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the Global Survey of School Meal Programs were analyzed descriptively to broadly summarize the current state of school feeding programs in Latin America and the Caribbean. To probe the status of school milk programs, key informant interviews were conducted with school milk stakeholders in 7 countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Honduras), and these interviews were analyzed for thematic elements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five countries were found to have operational school milk programs, whereas the programs in Guatemala and Honduras have not (thus far) endured. Programs often prioritized and took pride in local milk procurement, although there was sometimes incongruity between objectives to improve children’s diets and stimulate local agricultural development. Program implementers grapple with the taste, texture, and safety of milk, and it can be challenging to reconcile concerns over child obesity and the need to ensure the milk is appealing and accepted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In conclusion, programs seek creatively to overcome the aformentioned challenges wherever there is fiscal capacity and political will.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 104541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Dietary Intake and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Glycemic Variability in Adolescents: An Observational Study","authors":"Mingliang Ge ,&nbsp;Stephanie R Lebby ,&nbsp;Shivani Chowkwale ,&nbsp;Caleb Harrison ,&nbsp;Grace M Palmer ,&nbsp;Keith J Loud ,&nbsp;Diane Gilbert-Diamond ,&nbsp;Mary Ellen Vajravelu ,&nbsp;Jennifer L Meijer","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), estimated by maximum oxygen consumption (VO₂ max) during exercise, is worsening among adolescents and associated with a decline in metabolic health into adulthood. Glycemic patterns may provide a mechanism between CRF and health.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study assessed the feasibility of measuring glycemic patterns using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adolescents, aged 14–22 y, to estimate the relationship between VO₂ max and glucose patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Healthy adolescents (<em>n</em> = 30) were recruited for a treadmill VO₂ max test and to complete the following activities for 7–10 d: <em>1</em>) wear a Dexcom G6 CGM, <em>2</em>) complete ≥3 24-h dietary recalls, and <em>3</em>) complete 1 at-home oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 75 g glucose). Glycemic patterns were extracted as mean glucose, the coefficient of variance, the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, and the mean of daily differences. The 2-h glucose responses to the OGTT and individual meals were extracted. Statistical analyses evaluated the relationship between VO₂ max and <em>1</em>) overall glycemic patterns and <em>2</em>) the maximum glucose level and AUC response to OGTT and meals, stratified by sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participant feasibility demonstrated that 90% completed CGM data (<em>n</em> = 27), 87% ≥7 d of CGM data (<em>n</em> = 26), 97% attempted OGTT (<em>n</em> = 29), and 93% completed ≥3 dietary recalls (<em>n</em> = 28). Most participants had normal BMI (70%) with an even distribution of sex (44% male). Males exhibited an inverse relationship between VO₂ max and overall mean glucose (ß= –7.7, <em>P</em> = 0.04). Males demonstrated an inverse relationship between VO₂ max and <em>1</em>) maximum glucose (ß = –29, <em>P</em> = 0.006) and AUC (ß = –2702, <em>P</em> = 0.001) in response to the OGTT and <em>2</em>) AUC (ß = –1293, <em>P</em> = 0.03) in response to meals. No association was observed between VO₂ max and glucose patterns in females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A sex-specific relationship between VO₂ max and glycemic patterns was observed, suggesting a unique metabolic capacity during late adolescence by sex.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05845827.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 104547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143317187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}