探索饮食摄入对老年1型糖尿病患者肠道微生物群多样性和组成的影响：一项试点研究

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107550

Aastha S Dubal , Angelica Cristello Sarteau , Maria Andrea Azcarate-Peril , Zorka Djukic , Gabriella Ercolino , Angela Fruik , Julia Ho , Zoe Lee , Jeffrey Roach , Michael Valancius , Laura A Young , Ian M Carroll , Anna R Kahkoska

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引用次数: 0

摘要

肠道微生物群的多样性和组成与1型糖尿病（T1D）的发病和进展有关。这些特征还没有在越来越多的老年T1D患者中进行研究，包括饮食对他们的影响。在本观察性研究中，我们研究了高、低宏量营养素、纤维和单糖摄入的分位数在肠道微生物群多样性和组成上的差异。方法收集7-9 d以上老年T1D患者的常规糖尿病管理、饮食和其他健康指标的观察性数据，包括2次24小时饮食回忆访谈、糖尿病技术和医疗记录数据。收集粪便样本，利用16S核糖体RNA基因的高通量测序进行肠道微生物组鉴定。采用偏差校正微生物组组成分析（ANCOM-BC2）、Shannon指数和Bray-Curtis距离评估肠道微生物组特征。结果17例老年人[平均（SD）年龄73.5 (6.2)y；糖尿病病程：34.0 (16.0)y，糖化血红蛋白：7.0(0.9)%]，脂肪摄入量增加与乳球菌属的富集有关，纤维摄入量增加与CAG:508家族的嗜血杆菌属和未分类梭状芽胞杆菌属的富集有关，果糖摄入量增加与Christensenellaceae家族的未分类属SFMI01的富集有关。更多的碳水化合物摄入与肠杆菌科细菌的消耗有关。微生物多样性随着纤维和果糖摄入量的增加而显著不同。结论：我们发现有统计学意义的证据表明，老年T1D患者的肠道微生物群可能受到常量营养素、纤维和果糖摄入的调节。在较年轻的人群中也发现了纤维摄入量差异和显著不同的微生物群落结构之间的类似趋势。结合文献，我们的其他研究结果表明，大量营养素、纤维和果糖的摄入可能会对老年T1D患者的肠道微生物群产生不同的影响。

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Exploring the Effects of Dietary Intake on Gut Microbiome Diversity and Composition of Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study

Background

Gut microbiome diversity and composition have been associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset and progression. These features have not been explored among the growing number of older adults with T1D, including how they may differ by diet.

Objectives

In the present observational study, we investigated differences in gut microbiome diversity and composition across quantiles of high and low macronutrient, fiber, and simple sugar intake.

Methods

We collected observational data on routine diabetes management, diet, and other health indicators from older adults with T1D over 7–9 d, including 2 24-h dietary recall interviews, diabetes technology, and medical record data. Stool samples were collected for gut microbiome characterization using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Gut microbiome characteristics were assessed by Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction (ANCOM-BC2), Shannon index, and Bray–Curtis distances.

Results

Among 17 older adults [mean (SD) age 73.5 (6.2) y; diabetes duration: 34.0 (16.0) y, and glycated hemoglobin: 7.0 (0.9) %], increased fat intake was associated with enriched genus Lactococcus, increased fiber intake was associated with enriched genus Hemophilus and unclassified Clostridium within family CAG:508, and increased fructose intake was associated with enrichment of unclassified genus SFMI01 within family Christensenellaceae. Greater carbohydrate intake was associated with depletion of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Microbial diversity differed significantly with greater fiber and fructose intake.

Conclusions

We found statistically significant evidence suggesting that the gut microbiome of older adults with T1D may be modulated by macronutrient, fiber, and fructose intake. Similar trends between fiber intake differences and significantly different microbial community structure have been found in younger populations. Together with the literature, our other findings suggest that macronutrient, fiber, and fructose intakes may impact the gut microbiome differently in older adults with T1D.

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