Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Combination Therapy with Pyridoxine and Arginine Supplementations along with a Lysine-Restricted Diet in Individuals with Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Systematic Review","authors":"Ali Jafari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Abbasi ,&nbsp;Hamid Abbasi ,&nbsp;Sama Rahnemayan ,&nbsp;Farnush Bakhshimoghaddam ,&nbsp;Saeid Doaei","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is identified as a rare neurometabolic disease marked by biallelic pathogenic mutations of the ALDH7A1 gene. A combination therapy involving pyridoxine, arginine supplementation (AS), and a lysine-restricted diet (LRD) was frequently reported to effectively improve PDE through reducing neurotoxic lysine metabolites, improving seizure management, and enhancing neurodevelopmental outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study sought to investigate the effects of mono-(pyridoxine), dual- (pyridoxine combined with AS or LRD), and triple-therapy approaches in individuals diagnosed with PDE.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An extensive search was carried out across international databases, comprising Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, to find relevant publications published before 12 November, 2024. The methodological quality assessment of chosen articles was evaluated utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 2097 studies reviewed, 38 met inclusion criteria, covering treatment methods for individuals with PDE including monotherapy (22 articles), dual therapy (9 articles), and triple therapy (7 articles). The results indicated that pyridoxine monotherapy is a highly effective first-line treatment in PDE that improves seizure control with minimal cognitive decline. Combining pyridoxine with an LRD or AS targets metabolic issues, reducing neurotoxic metabolites and enhancing cognitive and motor functions. Early triple therapy, within the first 6 months of life, exhibited significant benefits for seizure management and cognitive performance in patients with PDE.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In summary, administration of pyridoxine is highly effective, particularly when combined with AS and an LRD. Triple therapy illustrates promise for improved seizure control and cognitive function, especially when initiated early. Further research is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 8","pages":"Article 107504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet Quality and Weight Status are Predicted by Federal Nutrition Assistance Program Participation, Health, and Demographics","authors":"Lauren E Au ,&nbsp;Charles D Arnold ,&nbsp;Christabel Domfe ,&nbsp;Lorrene D Ritchie ,&nbsp;Shannon E Whaley ,&nbsp;Marianne Bitler ,&nbsp;Edward A Frongillo","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Programs, such as Medicaid, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), provide access to vital medical and nutrition services. Few studies have investigated whether demographic, social, and economic determinants of health, including length of time spent on these programs, are associated with diet quality and weight status in early childhood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Classification and regression tree analysis, a machine learning method, was used to determine health predictors to identify patterns of children with higher compared with lower diet quality and higher compared with lower weight status.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using the WIC infant and toddler feeding practices study-2 (unweighted <em>N</em> = 3051; weighted <em>N</em> = 413,211), classification and regression tree identified the sequence of binary splits that best differentiated the sample on Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020; range 0–100) and HEI-2020 subscales (adequacy and moderation), and body mass index (BMI in kg/m²) <em>z</em>-score at 2–5 y. Predictors, including maternal BMI, child birthweight, sociodemographics, and length of time spent on safety net programs, were considered.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher HEI-2020 scores were primarily predicted by race and ethnicity (e.g., Hispanic, Spanish, or non-Hispanic White), and longer WIC and shorter Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program duration. In examining HEI-2020 subscales, higher HEI adequacy was primarily predicted by higher education, older maternal age, longer WIC duration, and race and ethnicity. Higher HEI moderation was primarily predicted by race and ethnicity and longer WIC duration. Higher BMI <em>z</em>-score was primarily predicted by higher birth weight.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Child diet quality and weight status were associated with different social determinants of health, which included maternal weight status, race and ethnicity, and food assistance program participation, particularly WIC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 8","pages":"Article 107505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computationally Modeling the Physiologic Impact of the Ratio of Fats to Carbohydrates in the Diet on Intake Among Metabolically Healthy Adults","authors":"Marie F Martinez ,&nbsp;Jessie Heneghan ,&nbsp;Colleen Weatherwax ,&nbsp;Timothy H Moran ,&nbsp;Britt Burton-Freeman ,&nbsp;Kavya Velmurugan ,&nbsp;José M Ordovás ,&nbsp;Sarah M Bartsch ,&nbsp;Tej D Shah ,&nbsp;Jennifer Lee ,&nbsp;Sarah L Booth ,&nbsp;Samantha Kleinberg ,&nbsp;Kevin L Chin ,&nbsp;Kayla de la Haye ,&nbsp;Alexis Dibbs ,&nbsp;Sheryl A Scannell ,&nbsp;Bruce Y Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>When it comes to how effectively a diet can help reduce or maintain body weight, a key question is how that diet affects a person’s hunger, satiety, and subsequent eating.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze modeling, from a physiologic perspective, how varying the ratio of fats to carbohydrates in a diet impacts hunger, satiety, and subsequent eating among metabolically healthy adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We developed a model representing an adult, their dietary intake, gastrointestinal tract, hunger/satiety levels, and meal consumption. We simulated agents eating fixed ratios of macronutrients and measured their subsequent eating over 24 h driven by physiologic responses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>When increasing the proportion of energy from fats relative to carbohydrates, daily calories decrease by on mean 149 and 110 calories per 10% increase in fats for males and females, respectively. Additionally, a simulated diet with a relative ratio of energy from fats:carbohydrates of 20%:80% results in individuals snacking after 21:00 for ∼93% of days in both sexes, whereas a relative fat:carbohydrate ratio of 80%:20% results in late-night snacking ∼55% and ∼60% of days for males and females, respectively. Agents consuming at least a 40%:60% relative ratio of energy from fat:carbohydrate ratio can achieve the largest reductions in total calories consumed and late-night snacking compared with consuming higher relative proportions of carbohydrates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Eating a diet with ≥40% of its energy from fats relative to carbohydrates can achieve the largest reductions in total calories consumed and late-night snacking each day than consuming higher proportions of carbohydrates, with even further reductions as more fat is added to the diet, when considering the physiologic responses to dietary intake alone. Future research should layer in other strong contributing factors to eating such as stress, social context, palatability, physical activity, and types of macronutrients, and also represent other metabolic profiles and ages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report of a Meeting: An Expert Consultation on Body Composition and Adiposity for Children and Adolescents in All Their Diversity","authors":"Lauren E O’Connor ,&nbsp;Lucero Lopez-Perez ,&nbsp;Ricardo X Martinez ,&nbsp;Maureen K Spill ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas ,&nbsp;Amanda J MacFarlane","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We convened experts to discuss methods for measuring body composition and diagnosing obesity among infants, children, and adolescents aged 0–19 y. The motivation for this meeting was to inform critical decisions for a systematic review protocol to assess the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of body mass index (BMI)-for-age and sex for diagnosing infants, children, and adolescents with excessive adiposity that can impair health. Thirty-nine clinicians and researchers from 23 countries provided written responses and/or attended 1 of 2 virtual meetings held in January 2024. Experts were asked to share their perspectives about methods and clinical tests used to measure body composition, including thresholds and adiposity types (i.e., total or central), for diagnosing obesity for infants, children, and adolescents. Experts suggested that deuterium oxide dilution, magnetic resonance imaging, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, hydrostatic weighing, and multicompartmental models were acceptable to measure body composition, with the 4-compartmental model preferred. Waist circumference and bioelectrical impedance were preferred clinical tests to use either alone or in combination with BMI for diagnosing obesity; preferential use was country specific. Most experts preferred fat mass index (fat mass/height²) to % body fat as the metric, because it is more sensitive to changes over time and depends on age and height, similar to BMI. Experts agreed that total and regional adiposity are important for determining metabolic risk related to obesity, but using central adiposity for diagnosing obesity is challenging due to variations in body type. All agreed that age, race, ethnicity, and puberty stage should be considered when defining thresholds of obesity. This input from experts informed the systematic review protocol for an assessment of the DTA of BMI to support the World Health Organization’s guideline development for the integrated management of children and adolescents with obesity in all their diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Avocado as an Evening Snack to Investigate Whole Food Matrix and Macronutrient Composition on Morning Metabolic Indices in Adults With Prediabetes","authors":"Chelsea Preiss,&nbsp;Olga Marquis,&nbsp;Indika Edirisinghe,&nbsp;Britt M Burton-Freeman","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Evening snacks are consumed by most people. Prior research suggests that macronutrient composition influences next morning metabolic responses and beneficial effects are imparted by low glycemic index foods and/or those that contain fermentable fibers. Avocados are a complex matrix of healthy fats and fibers with low glycemic value. Prediabetes is an early stage of impaired glucose and insulin responses, and a critical period for dietary strategies to improve metabolic health.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess evening snack macronutrient composition and whole food (avocado) matrix on morning metabolic indices in adults with prediabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>n</em> = 55; age: 44 ± 14 years; BMI: 28 ± 6 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 energy-matched (280 kcal) snack interventions in a crossover design: control (low fat, low fiber); avocado, whole (high fat, high fiber); and matrix control (high-fat, high-fiber combined ingredients). Snacks were consumed on 3 separate evenings at the same time (±1 h), followed by 12-h fast and blood collections before and after (3 h) a standard breakfast (720 kcal). Data were analyzed by repeated-measure analysis of variance using the mixed procedure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fasting and postprandial glycemic and inflammatory markers were not different after snack interventions (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). After the avocado snack, fasting triglycerides tended to be lower (<em>P</em> = 0.09), and a snack-by-time interaction (<em>P</em> = 0.02) revealed significantly lower triglyceride concentrations at 3 h.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Snacking on avocados in the evening may have important effects on triglyceride metabolism.</div><div>This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05263011.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference in Motives and Basic Health Behavior of 8799 Children and Adolescents Aged 10–19 Years Following a Vegan, Vegetarian, or Omnivorous Diet","authors":"Katharina C Wirnitzer ,&nbsp;Derrick R Tanous ,&nbsp;Clemens Drenowatz ,&nbsp;Gerold Wirnitzer ,&nbsp;Manuel Schätzer ,&nbsp;Gerhard Ruedl ,&nbsp;Werner Kirschner","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Young generations appear to be pushing for more sustainable food production as part of the trend toward healthier dietary habits. Long-term sustainable healthy behavior from secondary school ages may contribute to the life course prevention of chronic, noncommunicable diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study aimed to analyze the motivations and key health behaviors of secondary school pupils following vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous diets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present study was conducted cross-sectionally with a multi-level, cluster sampling strategy. Secondary school pupils (levels I and II) in Austria were requested to complete an online questionnaire independently or with parent/guardian or teacher supervision, including questions on personal characteristics, physical activity levels, nutrition habits, dietary motives, and alcohol and nicotine habits. The statistical analysis was performed with χ² and analysis of variance tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 8799 pupils (3249 boys; 5550 girls) with an mean age of 15.1 <strong>±</strong> 2.3 y were classified into the vegan (1.6%), vegetarian (5.6%), or omnivorous diet (92.8%). Boys were found to be more likely to follow an omnivorous diet (97%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Health was the leading motivation for dietary adherence across the total sample (33.6%; 2959). Sports performance was a leading dietary motivation among the vegan diet subgroup (20.1%). Pupils following a vegan diet were the most active during leisure time (86.6%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and the most consistently active across the week (3.4 ± 1.2 d/wk; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and the prevalence of daily fruit and vegetable intake was the highest between the vegan subgroup (81.7% and 80.3%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) followed by the vegetarian subgroup (72.4% and 84.2%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first investigation to examine the differences in motives and basic health behavior between vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous diets in school pupils. The findings indicate that following a vegan diet during childhood and adolescence is associated with more advantageous basic health behavioral choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet Patterns Featuring Western-Style and Low-Preparation Foods Differentially Relate to Cognitive Function in Early Childhood From the STRONG Kids 2 Birth Cohort Study","authors":"Arden L McMath ,&nbsp;Shelby A Keye ,&nbsp;Jennifer M Barton ,&nbsp;Corinne N Cannavale ,&nbsp;Samantha J Iwinski ,&nbsp;Kelly F Bost ,&nbsp;Sharon M Donovan ,&nbsp;Naiman A Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dietary intake in early life is implicated in cognitive development.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate how diet patterns derived at 2, 3 and 4 y old relate to executive functions and early cognitive and academic skills using data from the longitudinal STRONG Kids 2 cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Behavioral Inventory of Executive Functions Preschool caregiver survey was used to assess executive functions in 2 and 4 y olds. A subsample of children completed a modified Eriksen flanker to measure attentional inhibition, a hearts and flowers switch task to assess cognitive flexibility, and the Woodcock Johnson Early Cognitive and Academic Development tests to assess academic abilities during preschool ages (between 4 and 6 y old). Block Food Frequency Questionnaire items were grouped into 23 food groups, and dietary patterns were derived using principal component and confirmatory factor analyses. Three diet patterns were derived at each age (2, 3, and 4 y old); children were not assigned to a specific diet pattern but, rather, had 3 different diet pattern scores that were used for analyses. Diet pattern scores were used as predictors of executive functions at 2 (<em>n</em> = 217) and 4 y old (<em>n</em> = 250–266), as well as attentional inhibition (<em>n</em> = 53–56) and cognitive flexibility (<em>n</em> = 50–59) tasks and cognitive (<em>n</em> = 65–71) and academic (<em>n</em> = 55–57) scores in preschooler subsample.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Diets with higher intake of processed meats, sweets, and fried foods at 3 y old was related to lower Woodcock Johnson scores (all β ≥ −0.351, false discovery rate–adjusted <em>P</em> value = 0.028), whereas those with higher intakes of grains, nuts/seeds, and condiments at 2 y was related to greater incongruent flanker accuracy (β: 0.380; Δ<em>R</em>² = 0.132; false discovery rate–adjusted <em>P</em> value = 0.030). Diet patterns from 2 to 4 y old were related to academic achievement and attentional inhibition; however, these associations were not independent of diet pattern at time of cognitive assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study emphasizes the potential value of exploring early diet interventions aimed at improving dietary patterns to support cognitive development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition and Aging Biology: Summary of a Research Centers Collaborative Network Workshop and Research Needs","authors":"M Kyla Shea ,&nbsp;S Delanie Lynch ,&nbsp;Tina E Brinkley ,&nbsp;Stephen B Kritchevsky","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global population of older adults increases, identifying strategies that modify biological aging has become an increasing priority for improving health span and lifespan. When coupled with the growing epidemic of overweight and obesity, nutritional strategies have garnered considerable research attention due to their potential to modulate both aging and metabolism at the cellular and molecular levels. Several key nutritional influences are currently being studied for their effects on aging biology, including caloric restriction, protein restriction, time-restricted eating, ketosis, and the gut microbiome. Of particular relevance is the role of dietary interventions in older adults with obesity, which must carefully balance the cardiometabolic benefits of weight loss with the unintended musculoskeletal losses, including muscle and bone mass. To discuss these critical issues, the Research Centers Collaborative Network sponsored a 1.5-d multidisciplinary workshop bringing together basic, clinical, and translational scientists in the fields of nutrition and aging biology. This meeting included sessions on calorie and protein restriction, timing of food intake, the gut microbiome, and obesity treatment for older adults. The agenda and recordings are archived at <span><span>https://www.rccn-aging.org/nutrition-and-aging-biology</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>. In this article, we describe the workshop’s themes and discussions and highlight research gaps that, if filled, will considerably advance our understanding of the role of nutrition in healthy aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Technology and Culture: Smartphone Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Nutrient Intake Estimates in the Adult Population of Trinidad and Tobago","authors":"Lesley Ann Foster-Nicholas ,&nbsp;Patricia Dyett ,&nbsp;Celine Heskey ,&nbsp;David Shavlik ,&nbsp;Gina Siapco","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trinidad and Tobago is home to a multiethnic population, each with distinct dietary traditions. Given this diversity, it is essential to validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that captures the local food items that contribute to the nation’s unique dietary culture.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to assess the reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative FFQ to estimate nutrient intake in the adult population of Trinidad and Tobago.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 139-item semiquantitative electronic food frequency questionnaire (e-FFQ), developed using Google Forms, captured culture-specific foods commonly consumed in Trinidad and Tobago. The self-administered e-FFQ was distributed to 91 participants aged 18 and older, with 2 administrations 3 mo apart. The first administration of the e-FFQ was validated against the weighted mean of 4 food records with digital images as the reference method. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26 to assess validity and reproducibility through paired <em>t</em>-tests, correlations, and cross-classification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants had a mean age of 38 ± 9.6 y, with 22% male and 78% female. Correlations between the e-FFQ and food records ranged from moderate (<em>r</em> = 0.59 for vitamin C) to high (<em>r</em> = 0.83 for carbohydrates). Cross-classification agreements varied from 69% for cholesterol to 89% for fiber and vitamin A. Energy-adjusted correlations averaged <em>r</em> = 0.37, ranging from <em>r</em> = 0.22 for polyunsaturated fatty acids to <em>r</em> = 0.67 for cholesterol. Cross-classification indicated that 61% of e-FFQ estimates were correctly classified within ±1 quintile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The culture-specific e-FFQ demonstrates strong reproducibility and validity, making it a valuable tool for assessing nutrient intake in Trinidad and Tobago’s adult population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 8","pages":"Article 107500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Differences in the Appetite-Regulating Hormone Response to Exercise","authors":"Christoph Höchsmann ,&nbsp;Hyeon Jung Heselton ,&nbsp;Safiya E Beckford ,&nbsp;Jeffrey A French ,&nbsp;Jeffrey R Stevens ,&nbsp;James L Dorling ,&nbsp;Julie B Boron ,&nbsp;Karsten Koehler","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute exercise alters appetite-regulating hormones like peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and ghrelin, suppressing appetite and reducing food intake. The effect of exercise on hunger and satiety has been shown to vary by body composition, sex, and habitual physical activity, but the influence of aging is less understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to examine age-related differences in the effect of acute exercise on appetite-regulating hormones.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants from 2 age cohorts (younger adults, 19–29 y, <em>n</em> = 39; older adults, 65–75 y, <em>n</em> = 29) completed 2 45-min study conditions on separate days in randomized order: <em>1</em>) an exercise bout (60% <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>̇</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O_2peak) on a bicycle ergometer (<em>Exercise</em>), and <em>2</em>) a seated rest period (<em>Rest</em>). Plasma concentrations of PYY 3–36 (PYY3–36), GLP-1, and acylated ghrelin, as well as subjective perceptions of hunger, fullness, thirst, and nausea (via visual analog scales), were measured before a standardized snack (fasted) and before and after a subsequent exercise/rest condition.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>Exercise</em> induced a greater increase in PYY3–36 relative to <em>Rest</em> in younger adults compared to older adults (difference: 26.6 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4, 49.8 pg/mL; <em>P</em> = 0.025). GLP-1 concentrations were consistently greater in older adults independent of the study condition (<em>Exercise/Rest;</em> all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), but the GLP-1 response to exercise did not differ by age group (<em>P</em> = 0.456). Similarly, exercise responses in acylated ghrelin (<em>P</em> = 0.114) and subjective appetite perceptions (all <em>P</em> ≥ 0.288) did not differ between younger adults and older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The present study showed age-related differences in the appetite-regulating hormone response to 45 min of nonfasted, moderate-intensity exercise in PYY3–36 but not GLP-1 or acylated ghrelin. The age-related variations did not translate into differences in subjective hunger or fullness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}