Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Ignoring the Impact of Fermentation Could Result in Substantial Misestimation of Folate and Cobalamin Adequacy: A Simulation Study on Injera Consumption in the Ethiopian Context","authors":"Eric O Verger ,&nbsp;Sonia Fortin ,&nbsp;Aynadis Tamene ,&nbsp;Henok Ashagrie ,&nbsp;Claire Mouquet-Rivier ,&nbsp;Christèle Humblot","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>B-vitamin content of plant-based foods can be deeply modified by fermentation, particularly the active cobalamin form, which is often considered to be zero in food composition databases. We simulated the consequences of including or excluding the impact of fermentation in estimating folate and cobalamin adequacy using secondary data obtained from a survey of 323 women in Ethiopia plus the vitamin content of <em>injera</em> (fermented flat bread) reported in the literature. As folate content can change during fermentation, the prevalence of inadequacy in scenarios that include the effect of fermentation was higher (90%) or lower (67%) than in the original data. Our simulation based on data obtained using cobalamin-producing microorganisms lowered the prevalence of inadequacy to 54%. Ignoring the impact of fermentation may result in substantial misestimation of folate and cobalamin adequacy in Ethiopia, and it should be evaluated in other contexts in which fermented foods are consumed as staple foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 104581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Food Choice Influences in Athletes and Active Populations in Ireland: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Conor C Carey ,&nbsp;Eve M Creedon ,&nbsp;Fionn Molloy ,&nbsp;Morgan Lewis ,&nbsp;Ben Leen Smith ,&nbsp;Elaine K McCarthy","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Food choice determinants are generally influenced by sociocultural, sensory, nutritional, and economic factors, among others. For athletes, these choices are further complicated by additional sporting and nutritional demands. Few large-scale studies have investigated the factors affecting the food choice of athletic populations, particularly across sporting categories and competition levels.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study is to explore the determinants of food choice and the factors that influence it in a large cohort of athletes and active individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A self-administered online survey of athletes and active individuals (aged &gt;18 y) was conducted using the previously validated Athlete Food Choice Questionnaire that comprised thirty-six statements across 9 food choice categories. Participants were eligible if taking part in competitive sport or structured physical activity sessions at least twice weekly.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this cross-sectional sample (<em>n</em> = 1145), 62% (707) were female, the median (interquartile range) age was 26 y (21–40), with 7 h/wk (5–10) of exercise training/competition. “Sensory Appeal” was identified as the primary driver of food choice (mean rank [MR] = 7.46). This was followed by “Food and Health Awareness” (MR = 6.78) and “Performance” (MR = 6.65). Food values and beliefs were the least influential food choice category (MR = 2.06). Key predictors of food choice in this cohort included gender, competition level, sport type, and nutrition knowledge. For example, the “nutritional attributes of a food” were significantly less influential on team sport athletes’ food choice compared with endurance athletes [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.552 (0.375, 0.813), <em>P</em> = 0.003].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In one of the largest investigations to date, sensory appeal was the predominant influence on food choice across all sport types and competition levels. “Food and health awareness” and “performance” related factors also had considerable impact, although food values and beliefs were least influential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 104568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Do the Indices based on the EAT-Lancet Recommendations Measure Adherence to Healthy and Sustainable Diets? A Comparison of Measurement Performance in Adults from a French National Survey","authors":"Agustín R Miranda ,&nbsp;Florent Vieux ,&nbsp;Matthieu Maillot ,&nbsp;Eric O Verger","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Measuring adherence to EAT-Lancet recommendations for healthy and sustainable diets is challenging, leading to diverse methods and a lack of consensus on standardized metrics. Available indices vary mainly in scoring systems, food components, units, energy adjustments, and cut-off points.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate and compare the measurement performance of 9 dietary indices for assessing adherence to EAT-Lancet reference diet.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study utilized repeated 24-h dietary recall data from 1723 adults in the French Third Individual and National Study on Food Consumption Survey (INCA3, 2014–2015). Sociodemographic, nutritional, and environmental variables were analyzed to assess the validity and reliability of dietary indices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 4 indices assessing their food components with proportional scoring captured dietary variability, were less dependent on energy intake and converged to a large extent with nutritional indicators. Although the 3 binary indices showed a stronger correlation with environmental indicators, 1 proportional index converged with both domains. Indices had valid unidimensional structures, meaning that the combination of food components within each index accurately reflected the same construct, supporting the use of total scores. Furthermore, the indices differed between sociodemographic groups, demonstrating concurrent-criterion validity. Higher scores were associated with higher nutritional quality and lower environmental impact, but with unfavorable results for zinc intake, vitamin B12, and water use. A low concordance rate (32%–43%) indicated that indices categorized individuals differently.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Researchers must align study objectives with the applicability, assumptions, and significance of chosen indices. Indices using proportional scoring allow a global understanding of dietary health and sustainability, being advantageous in precision-focused research (for example, clinical trials or epidemiological research). Conversely, indices based on binary scoring offer a simplified perspective, serving as valuable tools for surveys, observational studies, and public health. Recognizing their strengths and limitations is crucial for a comprehensive assessment of diets and their implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 104565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Cytokines and Fibrotic Growth Factors after Low-Carbohydrate or Low-Fat Low-Energy Diets in Females with Lipedema","authors":"Julianne Lundanes ,&nbsp;Vilde Fiske Nes ,&nbsp;Oda Aakervik ,&nbsp;Liv Ryan ,&nbsp;Patrik Hansson ,&nbsp;Anne Mari Rokstad ,&nbsp;Catia Martins ,&nbsp;Siren Nymo","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lipedema is considered an inflammation-related disease, and low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets may help reduce inflammation. However, no randomized controlled trials have investigated the effect of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet on inflammatory markers in females with lipedema.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To compare changes in inflammatory and fibrosis-associated markers after a low-energy low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) compared with a low-fat diet in females with lipedema, and to explore potential associations between changes in pain and changes in inflammatory and fibrosis-associated markers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Females with lipedema and obesity were randomly assigned to either an LCD or low-fat diet (both 1200 kcal/d) for 8 weeks. Body composition [fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass] and the plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), cytokines, and fibrosis-associated markers were measured pre- and postintervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 70 females were included (35/group) (mean age: 47.3 ± 10.9 y, BMI: 36.9 ± 4.9 kg/m²). Both groups lost weight and FM (kg and %), with a greater reduction in the LCD group. A reduction in macrophage inflammatory protein-1ß, tumor necrosis factor-α, and hsCRP was seen in the LCD group only, despite no significant differences between groups. No associations were found between changes in pain and changes in cytokines and fibrosis-associated markers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Changes in cytokines and fibrosis-associated markers did not differ between low-energy LCD and low-fat diets in females with lipedema, despite a beneficial profile in the LCD group. Inflammation does not seem to be involved in pain reduction following LCD in this patient group.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04632810.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 104571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Nativity and Time in the United States on Added Sugar Consumption","authors":"Keerthi Godala ,&nbsp;Yanfang Su ,&nbsp;Hyunju Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diets high in added sugar are associated with adverse health conditions. Immigrants may have different added sugar intake than nonimmigrants, which may contribute to differential health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examined <em>1</em>) the cross-sectional association between added sugar intake and nativity and time in the United States and <em>2</em>) prospective association between added sugar intake and all-cause mortality by nativity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional analyses were based on 17,489 adults (≥18 y) from the NHANES (2011 to March 2020) and prospective analyses were based on 31,291 adults (≥18 y) from NHANES 2003–2018. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the association between added sugar intake as a percent of energy, nativity (US-born compared with non-US-born), and time in the United States (&lt;5 years, 5 to &lt;15 y, 15–30 y, ≥30 y), after adjusting for important confounders. Multivariable Cox regression models were conducted to examine the association between added sugar intake and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After adjusting for sociodemographic factors and BMI, individuals not born in the United States had 3.29% lower (95% CI: –3.69, –2.90, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) added sugar intake as a percent of energy compared with those born in the United States. These associations were consistent across all race/ethnicities. As time in the United States increased, added sugar intake increased significantly (<em>P</em>-trend &lt; 0.001) among non-US-born individuals. Added sugar intake was not significantly associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality in non-US-born individuals or US-born individuals, after adjusting for confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Added sugar intake differed by nativity and time in the United States, underscoring the need to consider place of birth and length of time when characterizing dietary intake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 104563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacing Animal Meat with Plant-Based Meat Alternatives: The Impact of Protein Quality on Protein Adequacy in the Dutch Diet","authors":"Anne J Wanders ,&nbsp;Samantha N Heerschop ,&nbsp;Sander Biesbroek ,&nbsp;Mariska Dötsch-Klerk","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A shift to more plant-based consumption patterns may lower the protein adequacy of diets.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to examine how replacing animal meat with plant-based meat alternatives impacts protein adequacy in the Dutch diet by considering protein quality data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Habitual total and utilizable protein intakes were calculated from meal-based food consumption data from 1633 participants aged 18 to 70 y of the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2012–2016. Utilizable protein intake was calculated as the sum of protein intake per meal adjusted for protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score and compared to the estimated average requirement for Dutch adults to calculate the percentage of the population with an adequate protein intake. In the modeling scenarios, all animal meat was replaced gram-for-gram with meat alternatives from various protein sources currently available on the Dutch market.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Replacing all meat with meat alternatives decreased the intake of animal protein from 59% to 36%, median total protein intake from 1.14 g/kg/d to 1.09 g/kg/d, median utilizable protein intake from 0.94 g/kg/d to 0.86 g/kg/d, and protein adequacy from 93% to 86%. Additional scenarios indicated that the protein adequacy was mostly impacted by total protein content, lysine content, and protein digestibility of the meat alternatives.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This modeling study indicated that when all animal meat was replaced by plant-based meats, total and utilizable protein intake remained adequate for the majority (86%) of the Dutch adult population. Individuals relying primarily on plant-based protein should ensure a sufficient total protein intake from a variety of sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 104562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Serum PD-L1 and Markers of Inflammation in Response to Alternate Day Fasting With a Low-Carbohydrate Intervention: A Secondary Analysis of a Single-Arm Trial","authors":"Rand T Akasheh ,&nbsp;Giamila Fantuzzi ,&nbsp;Krista A Varady ,&nbsp;Ting-Yuan D Cheng ,&nbsp;Faiza Kalam","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This secondary analysis aimed to examine the effect of a single-arm alternate day fasting intervention with a 30% low-carbohydrate diet on biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation in adults with obesity. A 12-week weight-loss period was followed by a 12-week weight maintenance period. Anthropometrics and blood samples were collected at baseline and weeks 12 and 24. Multiplex assay was used to measure serum biomarkers including programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL4, interferon gamma (IFnγ), IFNγ–induced protein 10 (IP-10), and cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (CD40-L). In 28 participants, body weight and fat mass decreased during the weight-loss period but stabilized during the weight maintenance period. Serum PD-L1 decreased from baseline to week 12 (<em>P</em> = 0.005) but not at week 24. Moreover, IL-1ra and CCL4 concentrations decreased from baseline to week 24 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 and <em>P</em> &lt; 0.008, respectively). Changes were not significant for in CCL2, IL-8, CD40-L, IFNγ, or IP-10. In conclusion, alternate day fasting–low carbohydrate modulates circulating immune biomarkers, which may be relevant to diabetes, cancer, and autoimmunity.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT03528317 (<span><span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6934424/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 104566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Engaged Codesign and Piloting of the FOOD4MOMS Produce Prescription Program for Pregnant Latina Women","authors":"Sofia Segura-Pérez ,&nbsp;Andrea Tristán Urrutia ,&nbsp;Anqi He ,&nbsp;Amber Hromi-Fiedler ,&nbsp;Katina Gionteris ,&nbsp;Kathleen O. Duffany ,&nbsp;Elizabeth C Rhodes ,&nbsp;Rafael Pérez-Escamilla","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Eating plenty of fruit and vegetables is key for maternal-child food and nutrition security. In the United States, fruit and vegetable consumption is lower among low-income families. Produce prescription programs (PRx) provide monetary benefits to low-income individuals to buy fresh produce or directly provide the produce itself to improve their food and nutrition security.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To codesign the FOOD4MOMS PRx (F4M) program for low-income Hispanic pregnant mothers and to test its feasibility through a pilot study using the Program Impact Pathway framework.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The participants for the codesign phase and the feasibility phase were recruited from the Hispanic Health Council Maternal Health Programs and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children program. Listening sessions (LSs) with adult Hispanic pregnant and nonpregnant women with children aged &lt;3 y were conducted and transcribed for thematic analysis to inform the F4M codesign. The pilot feasibility study only included adult pregnant women enrolled during the first 2 pregnancy trimesters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 3 codesign LSs (n = 21 participants) showed that participants thought good nutrition was very important during pregnancy and were very interested in having skill-building nutrition classes as part of the PRx. Most participants preferred receiving incentives through the Fresh Connect card to allow them to choose their produce. They also recognized that some participants with limited transportation options may benefit from a produce box delivered at home. All pilot study participants chose the electronic benefit transfer card as their incentive redemption channel. The redemption rate of benefits by pilot participants was 70% and they felt that F4M helped them and their families consume more produce. Pilot participants reported high levels of satisfaction with F4M.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The community-engaged codesign approach likely explains the successful piloting of the feasibility of F4M and the strong satisfaction of the clients participating in it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 104572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beverage Consumption Patterns Among Navajo Children Aged 2–5 Years","authors":"Carmen V George ,&nbsp;Brianna John ,&nbsp;Kenneth Hecht ,&nbsp;Christina Hecht ,&nbsp;Letizia Trevisi ,&nbsp;Laura Vollmer ,&nbsp;Kerlissa Bitah ,&nbsp;Eva Bennett ,&nbsp;Louise Benally ,&nbsp;Malyssa Egge ,&nbsp;Rachel Whitman ,&nbsp;Lavina Tsosie ,&nbsp;Asia Soleil Yazzie ,&nbsp;Sonya S Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Child beverage habits contribute to long-term health outcomes, including health conditions shaped by diet and adequate hydration. However, little is known about beverage consumption patterns of young American Indian children.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We sought to characterize beverage intake among Navajo children aged 2–5 y and identify factors associated with healthier beverage habits.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This observational, cross-sectional study took place from 2022 to 2023. We enrolled 80 Navajo children aged 2–5 y attending early child education programs located on Navajo Nation. Children’s primary caregivers and site staff were also enrolled. Cross-sectional surveys included the Beverage Intake Questionnaire for Preschool-aged Children. We used age-based national guidelines to determine the proportion of children meeting recommendations for sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and adequate beverage hydration.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this cohort of 80 children, 10.0% met recommendations for SSB intake and 26.3% maintained adequate beverage hydration. Of all beverage types, water was consumed the most, averaging 16.7 fluid ounces per day (standard deviation 11.7). Children also consumed a daily average of 12.9 fluid ounces of SSBs (standard deviation 17.8). Younger and more physically active children were more likely to meet adequate beverage hydration guidelines. The majority of participating early child education sites adhered to national beverage-related recommendations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this cohort of young Navajo children, water was consumed more than any beverage and early child education sites provided healthy beverage environments. Adequate beverage hydration, observed in 26.3% of children, was associated with younger age and greater physical activity. Establishing healthy beverage habits at an early age, ensuring access to safe drinking water, and promoting culture and tradition could sustain healthy beverage choices among American Indian children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 104493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Insecurity, Anemia and Vitamin A Deficiency in Brazilian Children Aged between 6 and 59 Months of Age: Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019)","authors":"Letícia Ramos da Silva ,&nbsp;Paula Normando ,&nbsp;Raquel Machado Schincaglia ,&nbsp;Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro ,&nbsp;Pedro Gomes Andrade ,&nbsp;Talita Lelis Berti ,&nbsp;Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda ,&nbsp;Nadya Helena Alves-Santos ,&nbsp;Letícia Barroso Vertulli Carneiro ,&nbsp;Gilberto Kac","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anemia and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can be related to poverty and food insecurity (FI), which can increase risk of stunting and delayed child development.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to assess the association between FI and the occurrence of anemia and VAD in Brazilian children aged 6–59 months.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 6020 children from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (2019) were used. FI was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, classifying households into food security (FS) and FI levels. The outcomes were anemia [hemoglobin &lt;10.5 g/dL (6–23 months) and hemoglobin &lt;11 g/dL (24–59 months)] and VAD (retinol corrected by C-reactive protein &lt;0.7 μmol/L). FI frequencies, anemia, and VAD prevalences were calculated according to FI levels, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and <em>P</em>-trend. The adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) was estimated using quasi-Poisson regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe FI was 37.7% (95% CI: 32.0%, 43.4%), 6.2% (95% CI: 4.8%, 7.6%), and 4.2% (95% CI: 3.1%, 5.3%), respectively. The prevalence of anemia was 7.1% (95% CI: 5.9%, 8.3%), and VAD was 3.0% (95% CI: 2.5%, 3.6%). A significant linear trend (<em>P</em>-trend &lt; 0.001) was observed in the prevalence of anemia according to the degree of FI: severe (15.5%; 95% CI: 8.1%, 22.9%), moderate (10.0%; 95% CI: 5.4%, 14.6%), mild (6.6%; 95% CI: 4.9%, 8.3%), and FS (6.4%; 95% CI: 4.7%, 8.1%). Children living in households with severe FI had an 82% higher prevalence of anemia (PR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.40, 4.17) than those living in FS. A significant linear trend (<em>P</em>-trend &lt; 0.001) was observed in the prevalence of VAD according to the degree of FI: severe (3.3%; 95% CI: 0.0%, 6.7%), moderate (5.8%; 95% CI: 2.3%, 9.2%), FI (2.8%; 95% CI: 1.9%, 3.7%), and FS (2.9%; 95% CI: 2.1%, 3.7%). No association was observed between FI and VAD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Severe FI was associated with anemia among Brazilian children aged 6–59 months.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 104567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}