Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The Influence of the Interaction between the rs1042713 ADRΒ2 Polymorphism and Dietary Insulin Indices on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Iranian Adults: Results from Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS)","authors":"Seyede Hamide Rajaie ,&nbsp;Yaser Mansoori ,&nbsp;Shiva Faghih ,&nbsp;Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh ,&nbsp;Ali Kamel ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Farjam ,&nbsp;Reza Homayounfar ,&nbsp;Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiometabolic risk results from interactions between genetic and dietary factors. Variation in the adrenergic β-2 receptor gene (ADRB2 rs1042713) may influence responses to insulinogenic dietary patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to assess whether the associations between dietary insulin indices (DIIs) and cardiometabolic risk factors differ by ADRB2 rs1042713 genotype.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study involving 369 adults, the energy-adjusted DII and dietary insulin loads (DILs) were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. The rs1042713 polymorphism was genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length method. Gene-diet interactions were assessed using multivariable general linear models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant interactions were observed between both DII and DIL and the rs1042713 genotype on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (<em>P</em>-interaction &lt; 0.05). In tertile analyses, among A-allele carriers, SBP was 7.8–7.9 mm Hg in the highest versus lowest tertiles of both DIL and DII (95% CIs = 2.5, 13.2 mm Hg). In contrast, among GG homozygotes, SBP was slightly lower in the highest DII tertile compared with the lowest tertile. A modest interaction between DIL and genotype was observed for HDL cholesterol (<em>P</em> = 0.035), which was attenuated after adjustment (<em>P</em> = 0.056). Interactions with diastolic blood pressure were inconsistent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The associations between insulinogenic dietary patterns and SBP vary by ADRB2 rs1042713 genotype, with greater sensitivity among A-allele carriers and a more attenuated response among GG homozygotes. SBP emerged as the most consistent outcome, highlighting the need for confirmation in prospective studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 5","pages":"Article 107673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147805181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioavailability of Sodium Iron Ethylenediaminetetraacetate, Ferrous Fumarate, and Ferrous Sulfate in Corn Flour Using Different INFOGEST Digestion and Caco-2 Cell Model Methods","authors":"Jiejia Zhang,&nbsp;Brian L Lindshield","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The static digestion/Caco-2 cell model has been widely employed as a bioassay to assess iron bioavailability. However, there are many methodological differences in how it is utilized. Thus, the feasibility of different chamber systems and iron treatment options was examined.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate iron bioavailability of INFOGEST digesta compared with supernatant in Caco-2 model with Glahn’s dual-chamber system (dialysis membrane), an alternative dual-chamber system (insert membrane), or a triple-chamber system (insert membrane + dialysis membrane). To determine the bioavailability of precooked corn flour fortified with sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA), ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄), and their combinations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Precooked corn flour fortified with NaFeEDTA, ferrous fumarate, or FeSO₄ were digested following the INFOGEST method. The iron solubility of supernatant was analyzed, and Caco-2 cells were treated with iron digesta or supernatant in the dual-chamber or the triple-chamber systems for 2 h, respectively. The ferritin concentrations were quantified to compare systems. Finally, the bioavailability of NaFeEDTA, ferrous fumarate, and FeSO₄ combinations was measured using Glahn’s dual-chamber system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Iron solubility of NaFeEDTA was significantly higher than ferrous fumarate and FeSO₄. The combinations of NaFeEDTA and fumarate/FeSO₄ at the 4:9 weight ratio had significantly higher iron solubility than combinations of NaFeEDTA and fumarate/FeSO₄ at the 2:11 weight ratio. Ferritin concentrations in Glahn’s dual-chamber system were significantly higher than the alternative dual-chamber and the triple-chamber systems. The combination of NaFeEDTA and FeSO₄ at a 2:11 weight ratio had significantly higher ferritin concentrations than the other combination samples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Caco-2 cell model with Glahn’s dual-chamber system and INFOGEST digesta was the best treatment and chamber system. NaFeEDTA had significantly higher bioavailability than FeSO₄, but not ferrous fumarate. The combination of NaFeEDTA and FeSO₄ at a 2:11 weight ratio was the most promising iron treatment ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 5","pages":"Article 107686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147805182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Including 1 Avocado Daily in a Habitual Diet on the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load in Free-Living Adults with Overweight/Obesity.","authors":"Kristie LeBeau, Gina Segovia-Siapco, Celine Heskey, Abigail Clarke, Keiji Oda, Rawiwan Sirirat, Dulce Ruiz Rice, Joan Sabaté, Nirupa R Matthan, Cheryl H Gilhooly, Kristina S Petersen, Penny Kris-Etherton, Zhaoping Li, David M Reboussin, Sujatha Rajaram","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have explored the effect of a single-food intervention on the dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) within the context of a habitual diet. Avocados are low in carbohydrates but rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, fiber, and other bioactive compounds. This raises the question of whether eating 1 avocado a day could lower the GI and GL of the diet, potentially reducing cardiometabolic risk.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess whether adding 1 large avocado (168 g) daily for 6 mo to the habitual diet of adults with abdominal obesity reduces dietary GI and/or GL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis used data from the Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial, a multicenter, randomized, parallel-arm study involving 1008 adults with elevated waist circumference. Participants were randomly assigned to either an avocado-supplemented group, instructed to consume 1 large avocado daily with their usual diet, or a control group who maintained their habitual diet and avoided avocados. Dietary intake was assessed via 3 unannounced 24-h dietary recalls over the 6-mo period, from which dietary GI and GL were calculated using Nutrition Data System for Research software. Linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, BMI, energy intake, race, ethnicity, education level, and study site were used to evaluate between-group differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 961 participants with complete data (73% females, mean age 50.5 y), the avocado-supplemented group showed a reduction in dietary GL by 13.7 points (95% confidence interval: 17.0, 10.4; <i>P</i> < 0.001) compared with the control. Food groups contributed similar amounts to the overall GL, except for avocado.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Daily consumption of 1 avocado within the habitual diet significantly reduced GL by almost 14 points, without requiring significant dietary changes. This suggests that incorporating a single nutrient-dense food like avocado can effectively improve the GL simply and sustainably.This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03528031.</p>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 5","pages":"107690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a Brief Vegetable Variety Questionnaire to Assess Diet Quality","authors":"Nancy L Keim ,&nbsp;Mical K Shilts ,&nbsp;L. Karina Díaz Rios ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Zeng ,&nbsp;Jingzhi Sun ,&nbsp;Christiana M Drake ,&nbsp;Marilyn S Townsend","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obtaining estimates of food intake via the 24-h dietary recall is laborious and expensive. Simpler methods for estimating dietary quality are needed in clinical settings and for evaluating nutrition education interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to validate a simple, pictorial tool for assessing diet quality using vegetable variety as the indicator.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The <em>My Veggies</em> tool, containing 28 pictures of vegetables and items about food preparation, eating at home, and eating fast food, was administered to 258 healthy adults aged 18–65 y. To assess convergent validity, 3 dietary recalls were used to calculate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 and dietary energy density (DED), both of which serve as measures of diet quality. To determine criterion validity, height, weight, and body composition (as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed. Using cluster analysis, responses to <em>My Veggies</em> generated 3 vegetable variety groups: high variety (HV; <em>n</em> = 84), medium variety (MV; <em>n</em> = 107), and low variety (LV; <em>n</em> = 67). Values for HEI, DED, body mass index (BMI) (in kg/m²), and body composition were compared across the variety groups to determine whether differences existed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Demographic characteristics did not differ between the variety groups. The LV group had lower total HEI score (median = 54.4; IQR = 15.6) than HV (62.1; 17.3) and MV (68.0; 18.6) groups (P &lt; 0.0001 for both). The LV variety group had a higher DED score (median = 2.6; IQR = 0.4) than the HV (2.2; 0.6) and MV (2.3; 0.5) groups (P &lt; 0.0001 for both). Both HV and MV groups reported cooking from scratch more often than LV group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), and HV and MV reported eating out and fast food less frequently than LV (analysis of variance, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001; post hoc mean comparisons of HV and MV compared with LV, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). The LV group had higher BMI (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.003) and body fat percentage (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.005) than MV and HV groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides evidence of the convergent and criterion validity of a simple, pictorial assessment tool for evaluating diet quality based on vegetable variety. Overall, adults with lower vegetable variety scores had lower diet quality and higher body mass index and fat mass. <em>My Veggies</em> can be used by health professionals as an evaluation tool for community nutrition education interventions or as a screener for counseling in a clinical setting.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT02367287.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 107667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147613285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Self-Reported Responses to Nutrition Facts Labels Before and After Nutrition Labeling Policy Implementation: A Comparison of Adults in the United States and Mexico","authors":"James F Thrasher ,&nbsp;Victor Villalobos ,&nbsp;Dai Fang ,&nbsp;Alejandra Jáuregui ,&nbsp;Alejandra Contreras-Manzano ,&nbsp;Rachel E Davis ,&nbsp;Lana Vanderlee ,&nbsp;Christine M White ,&nbsp;Rachel B Acton ,&nbsp;James W Hardin ,&nbsp;Edward A Frongillo ,&nbsp;Simón Barquera ,&nbsp;David Hammond","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In 2020–2021, both Mexico and the United States implemented similar, newly formatted nutrition facts labels (NFLs). Mexico simultaneously implemented front-of-package warning labels (FoPWLs), which emphasize high amounts of less healthy nutrients described in NFLs (e.g., calories, sugar, salt, trans fat, and saturated fat) to enhance consumer understanding of nutrition information.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate these policies by comparing pre- and postpolicy trends in self-reported responses to NFLs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Annual surveys from the adult International Food Policy Study (2018–2023) were analyzed for Mexico (<em>n</em> = 24,832) and the United States (<em>n</em> = 25,464). Outcomes included reported ease of finding nutrition information in grocery stores and awareness, use, and understanding of NFLs (all measured on 1–5 Likert scales). A difference-in-differences method using adjusted and weighted linear regression models compared cross-country differences in trends for these outcomes over the transition (2019–2020), early (2019–2021), mid (2019–2022), and late (2019–2023) postimplementation periods relative to prepolicy trends (2018–2019).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Trends over the transition period (compared with prepolicy) were stable within and across countries. For all outcomes, trends up to the early implementation period (compared with prepolicy) were more positive in Mexico than in the United States (i.e., ease of finding nutrition information <em>B</em> = 0.195, <em>P</em> = 0.003; awareness <em>B</em> = 0.220, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001; understanding <em>B</em> = 0.332, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001; and use <em>B</em> = 0.211, <em>P</em> = 0.006), driven by both increases in Mexico (i.e., ease of finding <em>B</em> = 0.126, <em>P</em> = 0.008; awareness <em>B</em> = 0.132, <em>P</em> = 0.001; understanding <em>B</em> = 0.198, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001; and use <em>B</em> = 0.087, <em>P</em> = not significant [ns]) and decreases in the United States (i.e., ease of finding information <em>B</em> = ns; awareness <em>B</em> = −0.088, <em>P</em> = −0.049; understanding <em>B</em> = −0.134, <em>P</em> = 0.002; and use <em>B</em> = −0.124, <em>P</em> = 0.025). When evaluating mid and late postimplementation periods, contrasts favored Mexico over the United States for all outcomes, except NFL use, which did not differ within or across countries.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Newly formatted NFLs in the United States did not increase awareness, understanding, or use of NFLs, particularly when compared with Mexico’s new NFLs that were accompanied by FoPWLs. Further research should determine the labeling effects on eating behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 107661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147613286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Diversity Score Associated With a Reduced Risk of Breast Cancer: A Large Population-Based Incident Case–Control Study","authors":"Ibrahim Abdollahpour ,&nbsp;Parvane Saneei ,&nbsp;Zahra Moradmand ,&nbsp;Maryam Yazdi ,&nbsp;Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard ,&nbsp;Kazem Zendehdel ,&nbsp;James R Hebert ,&nbsp;Torsten Bohn ,&nbsp;Farhad Vahid","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Breast cancer (BC) is responsible for a high proportion of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. A varied diet may play a role in the onset of BC.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to investigate the association between dietary diversity and BC risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This population-based case–control study was conducted between May 2021 and October 2023, comprising 600 incident BC cases and 600 general population controls. We employed a valid and reliable 168-item food frequency questionnaire, with data collected one year prior to the date of diagnosis for cases and within the past year for controls. A dietary diversity score (DDS), focusing on consuming a variety of 5 food groups, with attainable scores between 0 and 10, was created as an indicator of total nutritional quality. Potential confounders were also assessed, including educational year, menopause, age at menarche, family socioeconomic status during adolescence, multivitamin intake, and benign breast diseases. We employed logistic regression models to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs), controlled for potential confounders, to estimate the effect of DDS on BC risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DDS was associated with BC odds when analyzed as both a continuous and a categorical variable. The OR for DDS as a continuous variable was 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82, 0.99]. For participants with a DDS between 2.5 and 6, the OR was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.95), and for those with a DDS &gt;6, the OR was 0.41 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.73). A clear dose–response association was also observed [test for trend: OR= 0.66 (0.49, 0.86)].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We identified DDS, a measure of a balanced diet, as a novel protective factor for BC. Given the global increase in BC morbidity and mortality, this finding underscores the need for public health interventions and educational programs targeting diverse and balanced dietary patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 107675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147613288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Plant and fungi-based Alternatives Support Nutritional Adequacy of Diets and Reduce Their Environmental Impacts","authors":"Sarah Nájera Espinosa ,&nbsp;Arli G Zarate-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Genevieve Hadida ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Tereza da Silva ,&nbsp;Alexander Vonderschmidt ,&nbsp;Edith Monica Esievo ,&nbsp;Tony Carr ,&nbsp;Anouk Reuzé ,&nbsp;Pauline Scheelbeek","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Evidence suggests dietary shifts away from animal-sourced toward plant-based foods benefit health and the environment. Although the United Kingdom’s (UK) meat consumption has decreased, further efforts are required to meet national targets. Novel plant- and fungi-based foods (NPBFs) could offer a straightforward alternative to animal-sourced foods with a similar sensory experience. However, their impact on nutrition, the environment, and cost remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to identify trade-offs and co-benefits of substituting specific animal-sourced foods with NPBFs in a UK minimally accepted “basic basket” (baseline) stratified by gender.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nine new baskets were created to assess the nutritional, environmental, and cost outcomes by substituting either all processed meats, milk, or yogurt with NPBFs (most popular, nutritionally balanced, inexpensive). Foods from the “basic basket” were matched with the UK food composition table. NPBF nutritional data were collected from UK supermarkets using Open Food Facts. All foods were matched with dietary environmental footprints (greenhouse gas emissions, water, and land use). Prices were manually collected from UK supermarkets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Dietary environmental footprints decreased in all new baskets (‒0.39% to ‒6.94%). Nutritional outcomes varied across new baskets, with most substitutions aligned with recommended weekly averages. Baskets with the most nutritionally balanced NPBFs showed minimal nutritional differences compared to the baseline. Notable micronutrient reductions occurred when replacing milk with the most inexpensive alternative. Nearly all dairy alternative substitutions lowered food basket costs, except for the most popular plant-based drink. All plant-based meats increased the cost.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>When the nutritional quality of individual NPBFs is considered, single-targeted replacements of specific animal-sourced foods by NPBFs present a powerful opportunity for health and environmental benefits, especially over processed meats. Without policies to improve NPBFs’ affordability, such a shift at the population level is unlikely, missing an opportunity to drive progress toward net zero and health targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 107669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147658220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition 2026 – Join The Global Nutrition Community in Washington D.C. (USA), July 25-28","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2475-2991(26)00067-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2475-2991(26)00067-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 107702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147750810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative Validity of Interviewer-Administered 24-Hour Recalls Collected By Telephone and In-person Compared With Weighed Food Records Among Rural Sri Lankan Adults","authors":"Caroline A Joyce ,&nbsp;Christine P Stewart ,&nbsp;Charles D Arnold ,&nbsp;Hasara Sitisekara ,&nbsp;Bess L Caswell ,&nbsp;Sonja Y Hess ,&nbsp;Amy Margolies ,&nbsp;Thilanka Ranatunga ,&nbsp;Thushanthi Perera ,&nbsp;Deanna K Olney ,&nbsp;Renuka Silva ,&nbsp;Aulo Gelli","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Quantitative dietary assessment is hindered by cost, time, and logistical burdens. Collecting 24-hour recall (24HR) dietary data by phone may be particularly advantageous in rural areas.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the criterion and relative validity and costs of phone compared with in-person 24HR versus observed weighed food records (WFR), a reference measure for true intake.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used a randomized crossover design to collect phone and in-person 24HRs from 103 rural Sri Lankan adults, each matched to a WFR collected on the reference day. Agreement was assessed using equivalence testing with 15% error bounds and concordance correlation coefficients. Memory and portion size estimation errors were examined using descriptive statistics. Activity-based costing was used to estimate 24HR costs using expenditures and micro-costing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with WFR, respondents underreported energy intake by 263 kcal (12.6%) in phone 24HR and 229 kcal (10.9%) in in-person 24HR, primarily due to portion size misestimation. Mean intakes of protein and 6 micronutrients were equivalent between phone 24HR and WFR. Although no nutrients were equivalent for in-person recalls, the two recall methods had relative equivalence for energy, carbohydrates, fat, zinc, and niacin. The mean concordance correlation coefficient was slightly higher for phone recalls, whereas memory error was lower for in-person recalls. Costs per respondent were $254 for in-person 24HR and $186 for phone 24HR in a most likely implementation scenario.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Among rural Sri Lankan adults, phone-based 24HR were comparable to in-person 24HR in estimating nutrient intakes, although both methods underestimated true intakes. Phone-based recalls were less expensive and performed at least as accurately as those collected in-person.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 107672"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147658218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot Trial of Vachellia farnesiana Pod Polyphenol Extract: Feasibility, Acute Postprandial Glycemic Response, and Incretin Hormone Modulation in Healthy Adults","authors":"Yonatan Y Cariño-Cervantes ,&nbsp;Martha Guevara-Cruz ,&nbsp;Omar Noel Medina-Campos ,&nbsp;José Pedraza-Chaverri ,&nbsp;Lilia Castillo-Martínez ,&nbsp;Victoria Ramírez ,&nbsp;Sara Montaño-Benavidez ,&nbsp;Alexandro J Martagón ,&nbsp;Paloma Almeda-Valdes ,&nbsp;Luis Cisneros-Zevallos ,&nbsp;Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas ,&nbsp;Claudia Delgadillo-Puga","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds with potential benefits for metabolic regulation, including glucose homeostasis. <em>Vachellia farnesiana</em> (VF) pods are rich in polyphenols, including quercetin, catechins, methyl gallate, prutin, and hydroxycinnamic acids; however, their clinical effects in humans remain underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and acute metabolic effects of a polyphenol-rich extract from VF pods in healthy adults, with emphasis on glycemic regulation and incretin hormone responses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A single-blind, randomized, controlled pilot trial was conducted in 60 healthy volunteers (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m²). Participants received a single oral dose of VF extract (1.2 mg/kg) or placebo (water) before a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Blood glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations were measured at multiple time points. Safety was assessed through clinical symptoms, hepatic and renal biomarkers, and urinary levels of kidney injury molecule-1.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>VF extract was well tolerated, with no adverse clinical events or biochemical changes in liver and kidney function. Glycemic reduction during OGTT (<em>P</em> = 0.117), as well as GLP-1 (<em>P</em> = 0.288) and GIP (<em>P</em> = 0.085) concentrations, did not reach statistical significance. Insulin concentrations remained unchanged, suggesting that incretin enhancement is independent of insulin stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A single oral dose of VF polyphenol extract was safe for healthy individuals. In a predefined subsample (<em>n</em> = 10/group), incretin responses (GLP-1 and GIP) remained unchanged, suggesting that acute metabolic effects of VF are not mediated through incretin pathways. Although the extract produced only a modest effect on postprandial glycemia, this trial provides the first translational clinical evidence linking the ethnopharmacological use of VF with rigorously controlled human experimentation. These findings support its therapeutic promise in metabolic health, while underscoring the need for longer interventions, larger cohorts, and studies in individuals with impaired glucose regulation.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrial.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05802472 (<span><span>https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/beta/studies/S000D2E700000124/protocol/protocolSummary</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 107670"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147658160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}