Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Report of a Meeting: An Expert Consultation on Body Composition and Adiposity for Children and Adolescents in All Their Diversity","authors":"Lauren E O’Connor ,&nbsp;Lucero Lopez-Perez ,&nbsp;Ricardo X Martinez ,&nbsp;Maureen K Spill ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas ,&nbsp;Amanda J MacFarlane","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We convened experts to discuss methods for measuring body composition and diagnosing obesity among infants, children, and adolescents aged 0–19 y. The motivation for this meeting was to inform critical decisions for a systematic review protocol to assess the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of body mass index (BMI)-for-age and sex for diagnosing infants, children, and adolescents with excessive adiposity that can impair health. Thirty-nine clinicians and researchers from 23 countries provided written responses and/or attended 1 of 2 virtual meetings held in January 2024. Experts were asked to share their perspectives about methods and clinical tests used to measure body composition, including thresholds and adiposity types (i.e., total or central), for diagnosing obesity for infants, children, and adolescents. Experts suggested that deuterium oxide dilution, magnetic resonance imaging, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, hydrostatic weighing, and multicompartmental models were acceptable to measure body composition, with the 4-compartmental model preferred. Waist circumference and bioelectrical impedance were preferred clinical tests to use either alone or in combination with BMI for diagnosing obesity; preferential use was country specific. Most experts preferred fat mass index (fat mass/height²) to % body fat as the metric, because it is more sensitive to changes over time and depends on age and height, similar to BMI. Experts agreed that total and regional adiposity are important for determining metabolic risk related to obesity, but using central adiposity for diagnosing obesity is challenging due to variations in body type. All agreed that age, race, ethnicity, and puberty stage should be considered when defining thresholds of obesity. This input from experts informed the systematic review protocol for an assessment of the DTA of BMI to support the World Health Organization’s guideline development for the integrated management of children and adolescents with obesity in all their diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability of a Microbiome-Directed Food for the Management of Children with Uncomplicated Acute Malnutrition in Maradi, Niger: Two Randomized Crossover Trials","authors":"Susan M Rattigan ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Ngoumboute Mbouombouo ,&nbsp;Mohamed Antar Abdou Tahirou ,&nbsp;Ishita Mostafa ,&nbsp;Kazi Nazmus Saqeeb ,&nbsp;Souna Garba ,&nbsp;Ousmane Guindo ,&nbsp;Tahmeed Ahmed ,&nbsp;Michael J Barratt ,&nbsp;Jeffrey I Gordon ,&nbsp;Christopher R Sudfeld ,&nbsp;Rebecca F Grais ,&nbsp;Sheila Isanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A novel ready-to-use microbiome-directed food (MDF) has been developed for the management of acute malnutrition using ingredients that promote repair of the gut microbiota of undernourished children.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to assess the acceptability of MDF compared with standard nutritional care among children with acute malnutrition.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two randomized crossover trials consisting of 2 14-d periods of at-home consumption were conducted. Children aged 6 to &lt;24 mo with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) or moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) were individually randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the sequence of receiving MDF then standard nutritional care, or vice versa. Standard nutritional care consisted of ready-to-use therapeutic food for SAM and ready-to-use supplementary food for MAM. The primary outcome was at-home acceptability, defined as the return of ≥75% of sachets empty after the 14-d at-home consumption period. The primary analysis was a noninferiority analysis, in which MDF was considered noninferior if the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference in at-home acceptability comparing MDF with standard nutritional care was within −20 percentage points. Secondary outcomes included caregiver’s perception of the child’s liking, as well as caregiver willingness to use in the future and preference between the 2 foods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In all, 128 children with SAM and 146 children with MAM were randomized. MDF was noninferior to standard nutritional care in terms of at-home acceptability among children with SAM (risk difference: −7.0; 95% CI lower bound: −11.6%) and among children with MAM (risk difference: −2.3%; 95% CI lower bound: −6.1%). There were no differences in caregiver willingness to use either food in future.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MDF is acceptable for the management of acute malnutrition in children aged 6 to &lt;24 mo in Niger and should be further tested in other populations with a high prevalence of acute malnutrition. Effectiveness of the novel food will be assessed in forthcoming trials.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05551819.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 12-Week Strict Low FODMAP Diet Reduces the Severity Levels of Fatigue, Depression, Anxiety, and Inattention in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome","authors":"Sol Maja G Bjørkevoll ,&nbsp;Eline M Randulff Hillestad ,&nbsp;Gülen A Lied ,&nbsp;Erica S Teige ,&nbsp;Elisabeth K Steinsvik ,&nbsp;Birgitte Berentsen ,&nbsp;Astri J Lundervold","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The low FODMAP diet (LFD) has been shown to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the impact of the LFD on coexisting symptoms of fatigue, anxiety, depression, and cognitive functions remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the effects of a 12-wk strict LFD on symptoms of fatigue, depression, anxiety, and inattention in patients with moderate-to-severe IBS-D (diarrhea-predominant), and IBS-M (mixed diarrhea and constipation).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants with IBS were included in an open-label, single-center, 12-wk dietary intervention conducted at Haukeland University Hospital in Bergen, Norway. They followed a strict LFD guided by a registered dietitian and completed questionnaires assessing fatigue [Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ-11)] and anxiety and depression [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)] and performed a test of attention [the third edition of the Connors’ continuous performance test (CPT-3)] at baseline and 12-wk follow-up. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to evaluate changes from baseline to post intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-six participants completed the intervention. Statistically significant reductions were observed in symptoms of fatigue (CFQ-11, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.013) and symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.006). Most of the patients were defined as noncases of fatigue and anxiety following the intervention. Performance on the CPT-3 revealed improvements in measures of inattention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A 12-wk strict LFD intervention significantly alleviated coexisting symptoms of fatigue, anxiety, and depression, and improved performance on a psychometric test of attention. These findings suggest that dietary management plays a crucial role in improving both physical and mental health in patients with IBS.</div><div>This study was registered at clinical trial as NCT04296552 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04296552?term=NCT04296552&amp;rank=1</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Spectroscopy Devices Can Approximate Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sample","authors":"Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts ,&nbsp;Qiang Wu ,&nbsp;Melissa N Laska ,&nbsp;Nancy E Moran","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Assessing fruit and vegetable intake is important to determine the effectiveness of nutrition intervention studies. Few objective measures of fruit and vegetable intake have been directly compared within the same study participants.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to compare the relative validity of 2 different skin spectrophotometry devices to serve as biomarkers of plasma carotenoid concentrations, self-reported fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), and carotenoid intake, to examine if both devices can be used to approximate FVI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Human skin carotenoid scores (SCS, Veggie Meter-assessed) and color space measurement data from 2 prior studies were used. Participants’ skin color space parameters (lightness, redness, and yellowness) were measured using the Konica Minolta CM 700D spectrophotometer. Self-reported diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. We analyzed data from the 2 prior studies to examine correlations of skin lightness, redness, and yellowness parameters with SCS, plasma carotenoids, and FVI and carotenoid intake.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Skin lightness and redness demonstrated weak correlations with skin carotenoids (<em>r</em> = –0.15 to 0.14), plasma carotenoids (<em>r</em> = –0.19 to 0.21), and fruit and vegetable (FV) and carotenoid intake (<em>r</em> = –0.14 to 0.13). Conversely, skin yellowness demonstrated statistically significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05/63) correlations with SCS ranging from <em>r</em> = 0.60 to <em>r</em> = 0.67. The correlations between skin yellowness and total plasma carotenoids (<em>r</em> = 0.46–0.57), plasma α-carotene (<em>r</em> = 0.38–0.54), β-carotene (<em>r</em> = 0.50–0.57), α- and β-cryptoxanthin (<em>r</em> = 0.38–0.43), and lutein and zeaxanthin (<em>r</em> = 0.30–0.48) were all statistically significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.00079), but the correlation between skin yellowness and plasma lycopene was not statistically significant (<em>r</em> = 0.06–0.17). There were positive, statistically significant correlations between skin yellowness and FVI in study 1 (<em>r</em> = 0.27), as well as positive, statistically significant correlations between changes in skin yellowness with changes in SCS (<em>r</em> = 0.51), changes in total plasma carotenoids (<em>r</em> = 0.45), and changes in plasma α-carotene (<em>r</em> = 0.51) and β-carotene (<em>r</em> = 0.45).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both devices can be used to approximate FVI. More research is needed to understand the reasons the devices may not detect plasma lycopene well.</div><div>This study was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04056624 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/c</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> t2/show/NCT04056624).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Protein Intake and Its Associations With Bone Properties Using Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Endurance-Trained Individuals","authors":"Silar Gardy ,&nbsp;Ada Sevinc ,&nbsp;Jennifer Levee ,&nbsp;Sofia V Ferreira ,&nbsp;Julia-Rose Linardatos ,&nbsp;Andrea R Josse ,&nbsp;Tyler A Churchward-Venne ,&nbsp;Jenna C Gibbs","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Endurance athletes are at greater risk of compromised bone health due to elevated nutritional demands and high-volume training. Optimal nutritional intake is fundamental to support athlete bone health, and dietary protein is an essential nutrient for the maintenance of bone and muscle tissue. Studies of associations between dietary protein intake and advanced imaging-based measures of bone and muscle health in endurance athletes are limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the relationships between dietary protein intake and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), estimated bone strength (SSI_p and BSI), areal BMD (aBMD), and muscle density, cross-sectional area (CSA), and strength in male and female endurance-trained individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty healthy young endurance-trained adults completed one-time measures. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans assessed tibial trabecular and cortical vBMD, BSI, SSI_p, and calf muscle density and CSA. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans measured aBMD at the lumbar spine (LS) and proximal femur. Dietary protein intake (grams per kilogram of body mass per day) was calculated from 3-day 24-h dietary recalls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Bivariate analyses found no correlations between total dietary protein intake and pQCT-derived bone and muscle measures. However, protein intake from animal products was correlated with SSI_p at the 38% (r = 0.39, <em>P</em> = 0.008) and 66% site (r = 0.44, <em>P</em> = 0.002), cortical vBMD (r = −0.34, <em>P</em> = 0.02) at the 66% site, and calf muscle CSA (r = 0.57, <em>P</em> &lt;.001). Adjusted regression analyses revealed that higher total dietary protein intake was associated with higher LS aBMD (β = 0.398, <em>P</em> = 0.009).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that there are no relationships between total dietary protein intake and pQCT measures in endurance-trained individuals. However, positive relationships were found with protein intake from animal products and tibial SSI_p and muscle CSA. Additionally, our results suggest total dietary protein intake explains a small variance in LS aBMD. A future larger-scale analysis would benefit from stratifying associations by sex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 6","pages":"Article 107459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prior to a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Demonstrates a Dose–Response Effect for Neuroprotective Benefits in Male C57BL/6 Mice","authors":"Cody AC Lust ,&nbsp;Jessi Lau ,&nbsp;Lyn M Hillyer ,&nbsp;Margo Mountjoy ,&nbsp;Lindsay A Robinson ,&nbsp;David WL Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Of the ∼40 million cases of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) documented globally each year, the majority are sustained during sports and recreational activities. Evidence has suggested that the use of nutritional supplementation, notably n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), can provide neuroprotective benefits.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study sought to examine the dose–response of consuming an n-3 PUFA diet prior to an mTBI on recovery and functional performance measures in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>For 5 wk, male C57BL6/J mice were fed ad libitum on isocaloric diets high in n-3 PUFA (3N3), moderate n-3 PUFA (1N3), or n-6 PUFA (0N3) as a control. At 9–10 wk of age, mice were anesthetized in an induction chamber prior to receiving a mild brain injury induced using a weight-drop injury model. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc analysis was used to assess between-group differences in functional recovery measures of righting reflex and time to seek) immediately after injury. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of diet groups and time on functional performance measures indicated by neurological severity score (NSS) 1, 4, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h (H) post-mTBI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were no significant differences in recovery measures; however, the 3N3 group demonstrated the fastest recovery post-mTBI and had significantly improved functional performance (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) compared with the 0N3 group determined by NSS testing. A one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc indicated that the 3N3 group had significantly improved functional performance (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) at 4H post-mTBI compared with the 0N3 group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, these results show that dietary n-3 PUFA confer neuroprotective benefits in mice resulting in significantly improved functional outcomes. This work is relevant to clinical practitioners, athletes, and the general population who aim to support their neurological health through dietary or supplementary n-3 PUFA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 6","pages":"Article 107476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study","authors":"Nilendra K Nair ,&nbsp;Linh P Bui ,&nbsp;Caleigh M Sawicki ,&nbsp;Namratha R Kandula ,&nbsp;Alka M Kanaya ,&nbsp;Kyu Ha Lee ,&nbsp;Meir J Stampfer ,&nbsp;Walter C Willett ,&nbsp;Shilpa N Bhupathiraju","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The global food system significantly impacts environmental and human health, contributing to substantial greenhouse gas emissions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We examined associations between a novel Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) that reflects adherence to the EAT-Lancet recommendations and cardiometabolic risk in a cohort of South Asians.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from MASALA study participants with baseline (<em>n</em> = 891) and 5-y follow-up (<em>n</em> = 735) data. The PHDI comprised 15 food components and ranged from 0 to a maximum of 140, with higher scores indicating greater adherence to the PHDI. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models to examine cross-sectional and prospective (5-y) associations between baseline PHDI and cardiometabolic risk factors, adjusting for demographic, health, and lifestyle factors and baseline values of the outcome (prospective analyses only).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among MASALA study participants (47% female, mean age 55 y), the mean PHDI score was 88.8 (SD 9.47). Prospectively, higher PHDI was associated with lower percentage difference in fasting glucose (−0.29 ± 0.15 %), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (−0.08 ± 0.04%), higher high-density lipoprotein (0.40 ± 0.17 mmol/L), lower body weight (−0.37 ± 0.12 kg), body mass index (BMI) (−0.08 ± 0.03 kg/m²), waist circumference (−0.49 ± 0.17 cm), and systolic blood pressure (−0.65 ± 0.30 mmHg) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 for all). Each 10-unit higher PHDI was associated with a 20% lower likelihood of incident type 2 diabetes (OR [95% CI]: 0.80 [0.54, 0.86]). Cross-sectionally, at baseline, 10 unit higher PHDI was associated with (β ± SE) lower percentage difference in fasting glucose (−0.45 ± 0.22 %) and HbA1c (−0.49 ± 0.22%), lower LDL (−0.015 ± 0.007 mmol/L), CRP (−5.40 ± 2.42 ug/L), higher adiponectin (4.67 ± 2.02 mg/dL), lower body weight (−0.59 ± 0.26 kg), BMI (−0.27 ± 0.11 kg/m²), waist circumference (−025 ± 0.29 cm), visceral fat (−1.37 ± 1.32 cm²), and pericardial fat (−0.58 ± 0.43 cm³) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 for all). Higher PHDI scores were associated with lower odds of obesity (OR [95% CI]: 0.80 [0.71, 0.92]) and overweight (0.77 [0.74, 0.85]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Greater adherence to a planetary healthy diet was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factors and risk of incident type 2 diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 6","pages":"Article 107468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Insecurity is Associated with Poor Diet Quality Among Pregnant Adolescents and Adolescent Mothers in Ghana","authors":"Harriet Okronipa ,&nbsp;Isabelle Posey ,&nbsp;Christiana Nsiah-Asamoah ,&nbsp;Moses K Klevor ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Ayifah","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Food insecurity is a global public health problem and a likely determinant of poor diet quality. However, the relationship between food insecurity and diet quality among adolescents remains under-researched.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined the association between food insecurity and diet quality among pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers in Ghana.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pregnant adolescents (n = 216) and adolescent mothers (n = 206) aged 12-19 y in Cape Coast, Ghana. Diet Quality indicators, including Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS), Minimum Diet Diversity for women (MDD-W), ALL-5 indicator, and dietary factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCD-Protect and NCD-Risk) were assessed using the Global Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ). Food Insecurity was measured using the Child Food Insecurity Experience Scale (CFIES). Linear and logistic regression were used to examine the association between food insecurity and diet quality indicators, adjusting for relevant covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants had a mean age of 18 ± 1.2 y. Most were out of school (70.50%) and unemployed (82.0%). Participants consumed 5 out of 10 food groups (FGDS 4.9 ± 1.7), and 56.8% met the MDD-W. The mean CFIES score was 9.5 ± 6.4, with 87.2% reporting some food insecurity in the past 30 d. Food insecurity was significantly associated with FGDS and MDD-W but not the ALL-5 indicator. Participants who experienced food insecurity were less likely to meet the MDD-W (odds ratio: 0.39; 95% confidence interval: 0.20, 0.77), consume NCD protective foods (β ± SE = −0.59 ± 0.22, <em>P</em> = 0.0078) and consume foods linked to NCD risk (−0.74 ± 0.26, <em>P</em> = 0.004).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Food insecurity was significantly associated with poor diet quality among pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers in Ghana. Interventions addressing food insecurity may improve diet quality in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 6","pages":"Article 107469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Diet and Hormones on Taste: Low Carb Compared With Low Fat Study Findings","authors":"Rosario B Jaime-Lara ,&nbsp;Alexis T Franks ,&nbsp;Nafisa Nawal ,&nbsp;Meaghan C Steck ,&nbsp;Ariana M Chao ,&nbsp;Carolyn Allen ,&nbsp;Brianna E Brooks ,&nbsp;Monica Atkinson ,&nbsp;Amber B Courville ,&nbsp;Juen Guo ,&nbsp;Shanna Yang ,&nbsp;Marinza Marzouk ,&nbsp;Valerie L Darcey ,&nbsp;Stephanie Chung ,&nbsp;Ciarán G Forde ,&nbsp;Kevin D Hall ,&nbsp;Paule V Joseph","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As obesity rates escalate, weight-loss interventions, including low-carbohydrate (LC) and low-fat (LF) diets, have become popular. Although both diets promote weight loss, the effect of LC and LF diets on taste preference and sensitivity is less well understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In this study, we sought to (<em>1</em>) compare sweet and salty taste detection thresholds and preferences following a 2-wk ad libitum LF diet compared with an LC diet and (<em>2</em>) determine whether sweet and salty taste detection thresholds and preferences were associated with body weight, body mass index, blood pressure, taste relevant taste substrates (sodium and total sugar), intake, and hunger and satiety hormones (i.e., ghrelin, leptin, peptide YY [PYY] and glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1]).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed and compared taste preference and detection after ad libitum, randomized, controlled inpatient feeding study (<em>n</em> = 18) comparing LC (10% carbohydrate, 75% fat, and 15% protein) and LF (75% carbohydrate, 10% fat, and 15% protein) diets. Taste measures and hormone levels were measured at the end of each dietary period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found no significant differences in taste measures between the LC and LF diets. However, we did observe a negative association between salt preference and leptin levels during both LC (rs = 0.59; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and LF (rs = −0.47; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) dietary period. Salt taste preference was also negatively correlated with GLP-1 after the LF diet (rs = −0.61; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). The results of this post-test study suggest that taste measures do not differ between 2-wk LC and LF diets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results suggest that taste measures do not differ following 2-wk LC and LF diets. However, the relationship between taste preference and hunger and satiety hormones should be explored further.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>www.clinicaltrial.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT03878108.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 6","pages":"Article 107467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Exogenous Ketones on Signs and Symptoms of Schizophrenia Spectrum and Bipolar Disorders: Study Protocol for a Triple-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Crossover Pilot Study","authors":"Daphne AM Dielemans ,&nbsp;Yagmur Yurtkap ,&nbsp;Marieke van der Pluijm ,&nbsp;Maarten R Soeters ,&nbsp;Bob Oranje ,&nbsp;Dirk JA Smit ,&nbsp;Tim Ziermans ,&nbsp;Mirjam J van Tricht ,&nbsp;Sriram Muthukumar ,&nbsp;Shalini Prasad ,&nbsp;Romée L van der Mieden van Opmeer ,&nbsp;Eline Dekeyster ,&nbsp;Astrid M Kamperman ,&nbsp;Jason RB Dyck ,&nbsp;Bram-Sieben Rosema ,&nbsp;Rocco Hoekstra ,&nbsp;Ralph W Kupka ,&nbsp;Lieuwe de Haan ,&nbsp;Nico JM van Beveren ,&nbsp;Karin Huizer","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inflammation, oxidative stress, and bioenergetic dysfunction are proposed underlying mechanisms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and bipolar disorders (BDs), contributing to the largely untreated cognitive and negative symptoms in these conditions. Ketone bodies may offer a therapeutic option for these symptoms through their positive effects on the aforementioned mechanisms. Exogenous ketones like ketone esters (KEs) provide a means to quickly induce ketosis without dietary restrictions, though their effects on SSD and BD have not yet been investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This ongoing triple-blind, randomized controlled crossover trial investigates the effects of a single ingestion of KE on signs and symptoms of SSD and BD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 24 patients (12 SSD and 12 BD) receiving inpatient care at Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) will be included in the study. Patients will ingest a single dose of KE ((R)-3-hydroxybutyl-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate deltaG Ketones (dGK) and an isocaloric carbohydrate control with a washout period of 3 days between drinks. The primary outcome is the change in prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex induced by dGK ingestion compared with control. Secondary outcomes include resting-state electroencephalography, P3B amplitude, cognitive performance, and metabolic, immune, oxidative stress, and circadian rhythm parameters. Feasibility and potential side effects will also be assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>N/A (study protocol).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our current study will offer valuable preliminary data on the effects of KE in patients with SSD and BD. It can provide the foundation for future research into the therapeutic potential of KE in alleviating symptoms and improving functional outcomes in these disorders.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>www.clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT06426134.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 6","pages":"Article 107480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}