用鳄梨作为夜间零食研究糖尿病前期成人晨间代谢指标的全食物基质和常量营养素组成

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107486

Chelsea Preiss, Olga Marquis, Indika Edirisinghe, Britt M Burton-Freeman

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引用次数: 0

摘要

大多数人都会在晚上吃零食。先前的研究表明，宏量营养素组成影响第二天早上的代谢反应，低血糖指数食物和/或含有可发酵纤维的食物具有有益的作用。牛油果是健康脂肪和纤维的复合基质，血糖值低。前驱糖尿病是葡萄糖和胰岛素反应受损的早期阶段，也是饮食策略改善代谢健康的关键时期。目的探讨夜宵常量营养素组成和全食物（鳄梨）基质对糖尿病前期成人晨间代谢指标的影响。方法受试者(n = 55；年龄：44±14岁；BMI: 28±6 kg/m2)的受试者被随机分配到三种能量匹配（280千卡）零食干预中的一种：对照组（低脂肪、低纤维）；鳄梨，全鳄梨（高脂肪，高纤维）；和基质控制（高脂肪、高纤维组合成分）。在3个不同的晚上同时（±1小时）吃零食，然后在标准早餐（720千卡）前后（3小时）禁食12小时并采血。数据分析采用混合方法进行重复测量方差分析。结果零食干预后，空腹和餐后血糖及炎症指标无显著差异(P >；0.05)。在吃完鳄梨零食后，空腹甘油三酯趋于降低（P = 0.09），并且在零食时间的相互作用（P = 0.02）显示3 h时甘油三酯浓度显著降低。结论晚上吃鳄梨可能对甘油三酯代谢有重要影响。该试验在clinicaltrials.gov注册为NCT05263011。

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Using the Avocado as an Evening Snack to Investigate Whole Food Matrix and Macronutrient Composition on Morning Metabolic Indices in Adults With Prediabetes

Background

Evening snacks are consumed by most people. Prior research suggests that macronutrient composition influences next morning metabolic responses and beneficial effects are imparted by low glycemic index foods and/or those that contain fermentable fibers. Avocados are a complex matrix of healthy fats and fibers with low glycemic value. Prediabetes is an early stage of impaired glucose and insulin responses, and a critical period for dietary strategies to improve metabolic health.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess evening snack macronutrient composition and whole food (avocado) matrix on morning metabolic indices in adults with prediabetes.

Methods

Participants (n = 55; age: 44 ± 14 years; BMI: 28 ± 6 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 energy-matched (280 kcal) snack interventions in a crossover design: control (low fat, low fiber); avocado, whole (high fat, high fiber); and matrix control (high-fat, high-fiber combined ingredients). Snacks were consumed on 3 separate evenings at the same time (±1 h), followed by 12-h fast and blood collections before and after (3 h) a standard breakfast (720 kcal). Data were analyzed by repeated-measure analysis of variance using the mixed procedure.

Results

Fasting and postprandial glycemic and inflammatory markers were not different after snack interventions (P > 0.05). After the avocado snack, fasting triglycerides tended to be lower (P = 0.09), and a snack-by-time interaction (P = 0.02) revealed significantly lower triglyceride concentrations at 3 h.