来自STRONG Kids出生队列研究的西式和低准备食物的饮食模式与幼儿认知功能的差异

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107488

Arden L McMath , Shelby A Keye , Jennifer M Barton , Corinne N Cannavale , Samantha J Iwinski , Kelly F Bost , Sharon M Donovan , Naiman A Khan

{"title":"来自STRONG Kids出生队列研究的西式和低准备食物的饮食模式与幼儿认知功能的差异","authors":"Arden L McMath , Shelby A Keye , Jennifer M Barton , Corinne N Cannavale , Samantha J Iwinski , Kelly F Bost , Sharon M Donovan , Naiman A Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107488","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dietary intake in early life is implicated in cognitive development.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate how diet patterns derived at 2, 3 and 4 y old relate to executive functions and early cognitive and academic skills using data from the longitudinal STRONG Kids 2 cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Behavioral Inventory of Executive Functions Preschool caregiver survey was used to assess executive functions in 2 and 4 y olds. A subsample of children completed a modified Eriksen flanker to measure attentional inhibition, a hearts and flowers switch task to assess cognitive flexibility, and the Woodcock Johnson Early Cognitive and Academic Development tests to assess academic abilities during preschool ages (between 4 and 6 y old). Block Food Frequency Questionnaire items were grouped into 23 food groups, and dietary patterns were derived using principal component and confirmatory factor analyses. Three diet patterns were derived at each age (2, 3, and 4 y old); children were not assigned to a specific diet pattern but, rather, had 3 different diet pattern scores that were used for analyses. Diet pattern scores were used as predictors of executive functions at 2 (<em>n</em> = 217) and 4 y old (<em>n</em> = 250–266), as well as attentional inhibition (<em>n</em> = 53–56) and cognitive flexibility (<em>n</em> = 50–59) tasks and cognitive (<em>n</em> = 65–71) and academic (<em>n</em> = 55–57) scores in preschooler subsample.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Diets with higher intake of processed meats, sweets, and fried foods at 3 y old was related to lower Woodcock Johnson scores (all β ≥ −0.351, false discovery rate–adjusted <em>P</em> value = 0.028), whereas those with higher intakes of grains, nuts/seeds, and condiments at 2 y was related to greater incongruent flanker accuracy (β: 0.380; Δ<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.132; false discovery rate–adjusted <em>P</em> value = 0.030). Diet patterns from 2 to 4 y old were related to academic achievement and attentional inhibition; however, these associations were not independent of diet pattern at time of cognitive assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study emphasizes the potential value of exploring early diet interventions aimed at improving dietary patterns to support cognitive development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Diet Patterns Featuring Western-Style and Low-Preparation Foods Differentially Relate to Cognitive Function in Early Childhood From the STRONG Kids 2 Birth Cohort Study\",\"authors\":\"Arden L McMath , Shelby A Keye , Jennifer M Barton , Corinne N Cannavale , Samantha J Iwinski , Kelly F Bost , Sharon M Donovan , Naiman A Khan\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107488\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dietary intake in early life is implicated in cognitive development.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate how diet patterns derived at 2, 3 and 4 y old relate to executive functions and early cognitive and academic skills using data from the longitudinal STRONG Kids 2 cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Behavioral Inventory of Executive Functions Preschool caregiver survey was used to assess executive functions in 2 and 4 y olds. A subsample of children completed a modified Eriksen flanker to measure attentional inhibition, a hearts and flowers switch task to assess cognitive flexibility, and the Woodcock Johnson Early Cognitive and Academic Development tests to assess academic abilities during preschool ages (between 4 and 6 y old). Block Food Frequency Questionnaire items were grouped into 23 food groups, and dietary patterns were derived using principal component and confirmatory factor analyses. Three diet patterns were derived at each age (2, 3, and 4 y old); children were not assigned to a specific diet pattern but, rather, had 3 different diet pattern scores that were used for analyses. Diet pattern scores were used as predictors of executive functions at 2 (<em>n</em> = 217) and 4 y old (<em>n</em> = 250–266), as well as attentional inhibition (<em>n</em> = 53–56) and cognitive flexibility (<em>n</em> = 50–59) tasks and cognitive (<em>n</em> = 65–71) and academic (<em>n</em> = 55–57) scores in preschooler subsample.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Diets with higher intake of processed meats, sweets, and fried foods at 3 y old was related to lower Woodcock Johnson scores (all β ≥ −0.351, false discovery rate–adjusted <em>P</em> value = 0.028), whereas those with higher intakes of grains, nuts/seeds, and condiments at 2 y was related to greater incongruent flanker accuracy (β: 0.380; Δ<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.132; false discovery rate–adjusted <em>P</em> value = 0.030). Diet patterns from 2 to 4 y old were related to academic achievement and attentional inhibition; however, these associations were not independent of diet pattern at time of cognitive assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study emphasizes the potential value of exploring early diet interventions aimed at improving dietary patterns to support cognitive development.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10756,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Current Developments in Nutrition\",\"volume\":\"9 7\",\"pages\":\"Article 107488\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Current Developments in Nutrition\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S247529912502949X\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"NUTRITION & DIETETICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Developments in Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S247529912502949X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

摘要

生命早期的饮食摄入与认知发展有关。本研究旨在利用纵向STRONG Kids 2队列的数据，调查2岁、3岁和4岁时的饮食模式与执行功能、早期认知和学术技能的关系。方法采用《学龄前照顾者执行功能行为量表》对2、4岁儿童的执行功能进行评估。儿童的子样本完成了一个改进的埃里克森侧测来测量注意力抑制，一个心形和花朵转换任务来评估认知灵活性，以及伍德考克·约翰逊早期认知和学术发展测试来评估学龄前儿童（4至6岁）的学术能力。块状食物频率问卷的条目被分为23个食物组，并通过主成分分析和验证性因子分析得出饮食模式。在每个年龄（2岁、3岁和4岁）得出三种饮食模式；孩子们没有被分配到特定的饮食模式，而是有三种不同的饮食模式得分，用于分析。饮食模式得分作为2岁（n = 217）和4岁（n = 250-266）执行功能、注意力抑制（n = 53-56）和认知灵活性（n = 50-59）任务以及认知（n = 65-71）和学业（n = 55-57）得分的预测因子。结果在3岁时摄入较多加工肉类、糖果和油炸食品的饮食与较低的Woodcock Johnson评分相关（所有β≥- 0.351，假发现率调整后的P值= 0.028），而在2岁时摄入较多谷物、坚果/种子和调味品的饮食与较高的不一致侧卫准确性相关(β: 0.380；Δr2 = 0.132；假发现率调整P值= 0.030)。2 ~ 4岁饮食模式与学业成绩和注意抑制相关；然而，在认知评估时，这些关联并非独立于饮食模式。结论本研究强调了探索早期饮食干预的潜在价值，旨在改善饮食模式，以支持认知发展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

查看原文本刊更多论文

Diet Patterns Featuring Western-Style and Low-Preparation Foods Differentially Relate to Cognitive Function in Early Childhood From the STRONG Kids 2 Birth Cohort Study

Background

Dietary intake in early life is implicated in cognitive development.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate how diet patterns derived at 2, 3 and 4 y old relate to executive functions and early cognitive and academic skills using data from the longitudinal STRONG Kids 2 cohort.

Methods

The Behavioral Inventory of Executive Functions Preschool caregiver survey was used to assess executive functions in 2 and 4 y olds. A subsample of children completed a modified Eriksen flanker to measure attentional inhibition, a hearts and flowers switch task to assess cognitive flexibility, and the Woodcock Johnson Early Cognitive and Academic Development tests to assess academic abilities during preschool ages (between 4 and 6 y old). Block Food Frequency Questionnaire items were grouped into 23 food groups, and dietary patterns were derived using principal component and confirmatory factor analyses. Three diet patterns were derived at each age (2, 3, and 4 y old); children were not assigned to a specific diet pattern but, rather, had 3 different diet pattern scores that were used for analyses. Diet pattern scores were used as predictors of executive functions at 2 (n = 217) and 4 y old (n = 250–266), as well as attentional inhibition (n = 53–56) and cognitive flexibility (n = 50–59) tasks and cognitive (n = 65–71) and academic (n = 55–57) scores in preschooler subsample.

Results

Diets with higher intake of processed meats, sweets, and fried foods at 3 y old was related to lower Woodcock Johnson scores (all β ≥ −0.351, false discovery rate–adjusted P value = 0.028), whereas those with higher intakes of grains, nuts/seeds, and condiments at 2 y was related to greater incongruent flanker accuracy (β: 0.380; ΔR² = 0.132; false discovery rate–adjusted P value = 0.030). Diet patterns from 2 to 4 y old were related to academic achievement and attentional inhibition; however, these associations were not independent of diet pattern at time of cognitive assessments.