Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Consumption of Milk Beverages Reduces Iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Calcium, and B Vitamins Inadequacies in Pakistani School-Aged Children from Sindh and Punjab: A Diet Modeling Study","authors":"Myriam C Afeiche ,&nbsp;Diane Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Laurence Donato-Capel ,&nbsp;Baseer Khan Achakzai ,&nbsp;Tsz Ning Mak","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Only 47% of households in Pakistan’s Sindh and Punjab provinces are food secure. More than 80% of 5–9 y old children are below recommended intakes of calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin A and vitamin D. Although 89% consume dairy products daily, only 3% comply with Pakistan’s recommended dairy consumption of 2–3 servings/d.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The objectives of this study were to evaluate the theoretical impact of substituting or adding fortified milk and/or buffalo milk in the diets of Pakistani school-aged children to address nutrient inadequacy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Dairy consumption and nutrient intakes were calculated using dietary data collected from 5842 children via a 24-h diet recall in the School-age Children Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan between 2019 and 2020. Given daily intakes documented in the School-age Children Health and Nutrition Survey, 2 modeling scenarios were applied to test the impact on nutrient intakes of <em>1</em>) substituting current milk (buffalo, cow, and goat) consumption (volume by volume) with a fortified milk beverage and <em>2</em>) adding a fortified milk beverage or buffalo milk to current consumption to meet dairy consumption recommendations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The hypothetical substitution of current milk consumption with fortified milk lowered nutrient inadequacies for vitamin C (by 86%), vitamin A (by 45%), thiamin (by 26%), riboflavin (by 14%), vitamin B6 (by 13%), calcium (by 8%), and iron (by 7%), compared to baseline (relative percent reduction). Among children consuming &lt;2 dairy servings/d, theoretically adding buffalo milk had a positive contribution to calcium, phosphorous, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, and folate; theoretically adding fortified milk additionally reduced inadequacies of iron, thiamin, vitamin B6, and greatly reduced vitamin C inadequacy.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Buffalo milk and fortified milk each have their own value in closing nutrient gaps. Increasing their consumption can be integrated into a multi-pronged public health strategy (including fortified foods, ensuring food security, and diet diversity) to tackle nutrient inadequacies in children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 9","pages":"Article 104435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023692/pdfft?md5=6017d2bf63eb0e922e7d010d0d3b3309&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023692-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meal Protein Quality Score: A Novel Tool to Evaluate Protein Quantity and Quality of Meals","authors":"Pol Grootswagers ,&nbsp;Sine Højlund Christensen ,&nbsp;Marielle Timmer ,&nbsp;William Riley ,&nbsp;Lisette de Groot ,&nbsp;Inge Tetens","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The recent shift toward increased plant-based protein consumption has necessitated the development of new tools to evaluate the quality and quantity of protein in meals, especially given the changing dietary guidelines and the adoption of plant-centric menus in healthcare and other settings.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To develop and test the feasibility of the meal protein quality score (MPQS), a novel metric that assesses the protein quality and quantity in meals based on essential amino acid (EAA) content, digestibility, and requirements, with a focus on optimizing protein intake for vulnerable populations, particularly older adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The MPQS integrates digestibility-adjusted EAA intake with total protein consumed in a meal, which, together with the EAA requirements, provides a score from 0 to 100 to reflect EAA coverage adequacy. The score was tested for feasibility by applying it to recipe data from real-life hospital meals and to dietary data from the [New Dietary Strategies Addressing the Specific Needs of Elderly Population for Healthy Aging in Europe] NU-AGE trial, involving detailed 7-d food records from 252 nonvegan participants analyzed over multiple meal moments.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The analyses revealed that the higher the content of plant protein in a meal, the lower the meal protein quality. Also, breakfast meals scored lowest on protein quality, mainly due to low contents of protein overall, and of lysine and methionine. The MPQS effectively highlighted the difference in protein quality between plant-based and animal-based meals, and across different meal types.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The MPQS appears to be a practical tool that facilitates the assessment of meal-based protein quality. The MPQS can be used to guide dietary transitions toward plant-rich diets, ensuring that such shifts do not compromise protein adequacy for at-risk populations. The score allows for guidance in meal planning, leading to improvements in plant-rich meal formulation to meet both individual and public health nutritional needs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 9","pages":"Article 104439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023734/pdfft?md5=312d335e761e8294583de5229815da44&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023734-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Higher-Protein, Energy Restriction Diet Containing 4 Servings of Fresh, Lean Beef per Day Does Not Negatively Influence Circulating miRNAs Associated with Cardiometabolic Disease Risk in Women with Overweight","authors":"Kamille A Piacquadio ,&nbsp;Jess A Gwin ,&nbsp;Heather J Leidy","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the acute effects of 7-d energy restriction normal-protein (NP; ∼15% of daily intake as protein) compared with higher-protein (HP; ∼38% of daily intake as protein) diets varying in quantities of fresh, lean beef on circulating miRNA expression associated with cardiometabolic disease in 16 women with overweight (mean ± SD; age: 35 ± 8.7 y; body mass index: 28.5 ± 1.9 kg/m²). Fasting blood samples were collected at the end of each diet for miRNA expression, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and IL-6. Of the 12 surveyed, 10 miRNAs (miR-320a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-24-3p, and miR-126-3p) were detected. Several miRNAs were associated with fasting CRP (i.e., miR-150-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-423-5p; all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). miR-423-5p was also associated with fasting glucose, IL-6, and homeostasis model assessment 2 %β cell function (all, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). No differences in miRNA expression were identified between diets. These data suggest that fresh, lean beef in a short-term HP, energy restriction diet does not negatively influence circulating miRNAs associated with cardiometabolic disease in women.</p><p>This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02614729.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 9","pages":"Article 104442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S247529912402376X/pdfft?md5=2f5a8f8eab7f8f5bf6ff7a80a3341122&pid=1-s2.0-S247529912402376X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low and High Doses of Espresso Coffee Improve Repeated Sprint Performance and Eye–Hand Coordination Following Fatigue Status in Male Basketball Players","authors":"Alireza Niknam ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hasan Abdullahi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hemmatinafar ,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Alaeifar ,&nbsp;Maryam Koushkie Jahromi","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although several studies have evaluated the effect of coffee on sports performance, the effect of caffeine on sports performance during fatigue status remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the effect of high and low doses of coffee on the repeated sprint test (RST), perceived fatigue (PF), and eye–hand coordination following physical fatigue status in male basketball players.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four male basketball players were randomly placed in 4 conditions including <em>1</em>) low-dose espresso coffee (LDEC); <em>2</em>) high-dose espresso coffee (HDEC); <em>3</em>) decaffeinated espresso coffee (PLA); and <em>4</em>) no drinking (CON). PF and eye–hand coordination were measured using the soda pop test (SPT) at baseline, immediately after the RST, and 5 min after the 10 all-out sprints with a 30-s interval of RST.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The time of the first to tenth sprints (RST₁ to RST₁₀), total time (RST-TT), mean time (RST-MT), best time (RST-BT), and percentage of performance decrement (PD) were recorded. Coffee dose-dependently significantly improved RST-TT, RST-MT, and RST-BT compared with PLA and CON. PF increased significantly in all conditions immediately after RST compared with baseline. Five minutes after RST, PF was reduced compared to immediately after RST. Immediately after RST, coffee reduced PF dose-dependently compared with PLA and CON. SPT decreased immediately after RST in PLA and CON compared with baseline, whereas no significant change was observed for LDEC and HDEC. At baseline and immediately after RST, coffee and placebo consumption increased SPT performance compared with CON. Immediately and 5 min after RST, coffee increased SPT performance compared to PLA dose-dependently.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HDEC and LDEC improved RST performance and eye–hand coordination in male basketball players. However, HDEC showed a more profound effect compared with LDEC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 9","pages":"Article 104427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Classification of Cardiovascular Disease Subtypes Reveals Associations Between Mortality and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Insights from the United Kingdom Biobank Study","authors":"Jiamei Li ,&nbsp;Haiqing Zheng ,&nbsp;Xuanhui Chen ,&nbsp;Shuo Ma ,&nbsp;Qing Li ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Sun ,&nbsp;Ziying Chen ,&nbsp;Yunyi Li ,&nbsp;Dantong Li ,&nbsp;Miao Lin ,&nbsp;Huiying Liang ,&nbsp;Huixian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Traditional association studies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) categorizations and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) yielded conflicting findings. We propose a novel classification system based on fundamental characteristics of cardiovascular patients, such as age, body mass index, waist–hip ratio, to more accurately assess the impact of PUFAs (plasma measures) such as omega (ω)-3 (n–3) and ω-6 on mortality in cardiovascular patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Principal component analysis and <em>k</em>-means clustering were used to determine the CVD subtype. Variables included age, body mass index, waist–hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B:apolipoprotein A1, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, albumin, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, platelet count, and hemoglobin concentration. The association of PUFAs with all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in patients with CVD was prospectively evaluated using restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional risk models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the 35,096 participants, 3,786 fatalities occurred. Three distinct CVD subtypes were identified, with cluster 3 characterized by older age, male gender, and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, having the highest risk of mortality. Clusters 2 and 3 had the highest DHA and ω-6/ω-3 ratios, respectively, compared with Cluster 1. The protective effects of total PUFAs, ω-3, and DHA were mainly reflected in all-cause mortality and were more significant in clusters 2 and 3. Furthermore, the ω-6/ω-3 ratio of the highest quartile increased risk of all-cause [Q3: hazard ratio (HR): 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.29; Q4: HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.61], CVD (Q4: HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.75), and IHD mortality (Q4: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.03) in cluster 3 compared with the first quartile.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of associations observed for the same type of PUFAs across distinct clusters. This association may be elucidated by the intricate interplay of various factors, encompassing inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 9","pages":"Article 104434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023680/pdfft?md5=4b084cb05ea43f29c1c7d56d87f436de&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023680-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prunes May Blunt Adverse Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Bone Health in Young Adult Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Taylor DeMasi,&nbsp;Michelle Tsang,&nbsp;Jenna Mueller,&nbsp;Kristine Giltvedt,&nbsp;Thuy Ngoc Nguyen,&nbsp;Mark Kern,&nbsp;Shirin Hooshmand","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Oral contraceptives (OCs) may promote bone loss, thereby leading to suboptimal bone health later in life. Research is needed to determine whether dietary interventions can blunt OC-related bone loss; prune consumption, shown to be effective in improving bone density in previous studies, could provide a safe and inexpensive solution.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to determine whether 12 mo of consuming 50 g of prunes daily would prevent bone loss or increase bone accrual in young (18–25 y) OC users.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ninety women were randomly assigned to a control group not using OCs (non-OC), an OC group not consuming prunes (OC), and an OC group consuming 50 g prunes daily (OC+P) for 12 mo. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at baseline and after 12 mo via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (at all sites) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (at tibia). Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 and 12 mo to assess biomarkers.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were no significant differences between groups for dietary intake, physical activity, serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b, or bone alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Baseline serum C-reactive protein and vitamin D concentrations were higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) for OC and OC+P groups than those in the non-OC group. Serum parathyroid hormone was higher for non-OC group than OC group at both baseline (<em>P</em> = 0.049) and final (<em>P</em> = 0.032). BMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at all sites did not change among groups. Ultradistal radius BMD increased over time (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) within non-OC and OC+P groups. Trabecular density of the distal tibia as measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography decreased from baseline to 12 mo within the OC group only (<em>P</em> = 0.016).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>OC use tended to promote minor negative effects on bone and consuming prunes tended to provide a potential protective effect on trabecular density of the distal tibia and ultradistal radius.</p><p>This trial was registered at <span><span>www.clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04785131.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 9","pages":"Article 104417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023515/pdfft?md5=0ff8eed1ba1c9ab50b0b713426785e1e&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023515-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Effects of Interval Resistance Training and Chlorella Vulgaris Supplementation on Meteorin-like Protein and Oxidative Stress in Obese Men","authors":"Maryam Delfan ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Radkia ,&nbsp;Raheleh Amadeh Juybari ,&nbsp;Saeed Daneshyar ,&nbsp;Mark ET Willems ,&nbsp;Ayoub Saeidi ,&nbsp;Anthony C Hackney ,&nbsp;Ismail Laher ,&nbsp;Hassane Zouhal","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Dysregulation of adipocyte function occurs in obesity. Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) is a newly discovered modulator of inflammation, metabolism, and differentiation of human adipocytes. The dietary supplement Chlorella Vulgaris (CV) reduces hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress in clinical trials.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To explore the impact of 12 wks of interval resistance training (IRT) and CV supplementation on plasma levels of Metrnl and oxidative stress in males with obesity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Forty-four obese men (BMI: 32.0 ± 1.5 kg/m², weight: 101.1 ± 2.2 kg, age: 23–35 years) were randomly assigned into 4 groups (<em>n</em> = 11/group): control (CON), CV supplement (CV), IRT, and CV + IRT (CVIRT). The IRT was performed for 12 wks (3 sessions per week). The treatment consisted of a daily intake of CV (1800 mg capsule) or placebo capsules. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the interventions to analyze biomedical measurements.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The IRT and CVIRT groups had elevations in plasma Metrnl, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity levels (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), and reductions in malondialdehyde (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Supplementation with CV significantly reduced malondialdehyde (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and increased total antioxidant capacity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) but failed to alter superoxide dismutase or Metrnl (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Although IRT and its combination with CV hold promise for improving Metrnl levels and oxidative status in obesity, combining IRT and CV do not yield greater benefits than IRT alone. Although standalone CV supplementation could favorably impact certain markers of oxidative stress, the effectiveness of CV supplementation appears to have a relatively limited effect across assessed biomarkers and requires further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 9","pages":"Article 104428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S247529912402362X/pdfft?md5=16651043da54fb2a51b4b9ffe83c9c47&pid=1-s2.0-S247529912402362X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Behavior Change Interventions to Address Unhealthy Food Consumption: A Scoping Review” [Current Developments in Nutrition 8 (2024) 102104]","authors":"Shivani Kachwaha ,&nbsp;Sunny S Kim ,&nbsp;Jai K Das ,&nbsp;Sabrina Rasheed ,&nbsp;SubbaRao M Gavaravarapu ,&nbsp;Pooja Pandey Rana ,&nbsp;Purnima Menon","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 9","pages":"Article 104450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Almond Consumption Modestly Improves Pain Ratings, Muscle Force Production, and Biochemical Markers of Muscle Damage Following Downhill Running in Mildly Overweight, Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Crossover Trial","authors":"Vernon Uganiza Rayo ,&nbsp;Maricarmen Cervantes ,&nbsp;Mee Young Hong ,&nbsp;Shirin Hooshmand ,&nbsp;Nathaniel Jason ,&nbsp;Changqi Liu ,&nbsp;Elise North ,&nbsp;Lauren Okamoto ,&nbsp;Svitlana Storm ,&nbsp;Oliver C Witard ,&nbsp;Mark Kern","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Almonds promote cardiometabolic health benefits; however, the ergogenic effect of almond supplementation on exercise recovery is less explored.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We evaluated the impacts of raw, shelled, almonds on pain, muscle force production, and biochemical indices of muscle damage and inflammation during recovery from eccentrically biased exercise.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using a randomized, crossover design, 26 healthy adults (37 ± 6 y) ran downhill (–10%) for 30 min at a heart rate corresponding to 65%–70% of maximal oxygen consumption followed by 3-d recovery periods after 8-wk adaptations to either ALMOND (2 oz/d) or isocaloric pretzel (CONTROL) feedings. Volunteers consumed the study food immediately following the run and each day during recovery. Fasted blood samples were collected, and pain and muscle function were tested before the downhill run and over 72 h of recovery.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Downhill running elicited moderate muscle damage (Time: <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001; η² = 0.395) with creatine kinase (CK) peaking after 24 h (CONTROL: Δ + 180% from baseline compared with ALMOND: Δ + 171% from baseline). CK was reduced after 72 h in ALMOND (Δ – 50% from peak; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) but not CONTROL (Δ – 33% from peak; <em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Maximal torque at 120°/s of flexion was greater (Trial: <em>P</em> = 0.004; η² = 0.315) in ALMOND compared with CONTROL at 24 h (Δ + 12% between trials; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and 72 h (Δ + 9% between trials; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) timepoints. Pain during maximal contraction was lower (Trial: <em>P</em> &lt; 0.026; η² = 0.225) in ALMOND compared with CONTROL after 24 h (Δ – 37% between trials; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and 48 h (Δ – 33% between trials; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). No differences (<em>P &gt;</em> 0.05) in vertical jump force, C-reactive protein concentrations, myoglobin concentrations, and total antioxidant capacity were observed between trials.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study demonstrates that 2.0 oz/d of almonds modestly reduces pain, better maintains muscle strength, and reduces the CK response to eccentric-based exercise. This apparent effect of almond ingestion on exercise recovery has the potential to promote increased exercise adherence, which should be investigated in future studies.</p><p>This trial was registered at the <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04787718.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 9","pages":"Article 104432"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023667/pdfft?md5=506ade25580335f2f38a011abe0b13f9&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023667-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study on the Association of Walnut Consumption with Obesity and Relative Fat Mass among United States Adolescents and Young Adults in NHANES (2003–2020)","authors":"Nana Gletsu-Miller ,&nbsp;Beate Henschel ,&nbsp;Carmen D Tekwe ,&nbsp;Krisha Thiagarajah","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Walnuts contain nutrients and phytochemicals that can promote metabolic health. However, the high energy content of walnuts along with other nuts raises the concern that consuming nuts promotes obesity.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We sought to investigate the associations between consumption of walnuts as well as other nuts and measures of obesity in adolescents and young adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study included 8874 adolescents (12–19 y) and 10,323 young adults (20–39 y) from 8 waves of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2003–2020). The associations of consumption of <em>1</em>) walnuts only (WO); <em>2</em>) walnuts with other nuts (WON); <em>3</em>) other nuts (ON); and <em>4</em>) no nuts (NN) with obesity status and relative fat mass (RFM) were assessed using logistic and linear regressions stratified by age group and sex. Sample weights were used in all statistical analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean daily intake of walnuts was not different between the 2 walnut consumption groups within each age group (adolescents: 2.18 [standard error (SE) 0.14] g; <em>P</em> = 0.917; young adults: 4.23 [0.37] g; <em>P</em> = 0.682). The WON group had the lowest prevalence of obesity (adolescents: 8.3%; young adults: 21.1%) while the NN group had the highest prevalence (adolescents: 24.1%; young adults: 35.4%). The models indicated lower odds of obesity in adolescent girls (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and young adult women (OR: 0.58; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) who consumed WON than in those who consumed NN. In both young women and girls, RFM was significantly lower in the WON and ON groups than the NN group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In young men, WON consumption was also associated with a lower RFM (OR: −1.24; 95% confidence interval: −2.21, −0.28) compared with NN consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>For adolescents girls and young women, dietary intake of walnuts combined with other nuts has the strongest inverse association with measures of obesity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 8","pages":"Article 104407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023412/pdfft?md5=d7cd62dfce1248234da6ce155da6d0b9&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023412-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141949716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}