Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of Elements of Social Behavior Change Activities in Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Programs: A Systematic Review","authors":"Tsedenia Tewodros ,&nbsp;Carolina X Escobar ,&nbsp;Liris S Berra ,&nbsp;Amy Webb Girard","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Limited research exists on the specific approaches and behavior change techniques (BCT) used in nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) programs and their effects on diet diversity.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We aimed to describe nutrition-related social behavior change (SBC) in the context of NSA and quantify the effectiveness of different SBC components of NSA programs in improving diet diversity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the International Food Policy and Research Institute repository, and Agricola for articles published between 2000 and 2023. We identified the agricultural activities each project used as a pathway to improved nutrition (ag-nutrition pathways), identified SBC approaches used by each project, and coded BCTs using validated coding protocols. Effectiveness ratios (ERs) were calculated to assess pathways, approaches, and BCTs in relation to dietary diversity outcomes (minimum diet diversity for children, child dietary diversity score, and women’s dietary diversity).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 65 included NSA interventions, the most used agriculture-to-nutrition pathways included <em>1</em>) <em>agricultural production for home consumption</em> (<em>n</em> = 61); <em>2</em>) <em>women’s empowerment</em> (<em>n</em> = 36); and <em>3</em>) <em>agricultural income</em> (<em>n</em> = 37) pathways. The most used SBC approaches were interpersonal communication (IPC, <em>n</em> = 59) and community-based approaches (<em>n</em> = 53). Frequently used BCTs included “instructions on how to perform the behavior” (<em>n</em> = 65), “social support (unspecified)” (<em>n</em> = 43), and using a “credible source” (<em>n</em> = 43). The increased production for the home consumption pathway, IPC approach, and the BCT “behavioral practice” had high ERs for diet diversity outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Although the agricultural production for home consumption pathway to improved nutrition had the highest ERs for diet diversity, other pathways, such as income generation and reducing wastage, hold promise and require additional investigation. The most commonly applied BCTs focused on information dissemination; however, participatory BCTs related to behavioral demonstration, and behavioral practice had higher ERs. Findings indicate a need to test less frequently utilized SBC components to determine effectiveness.</p><p>This trial was registered at PROSPERO (=<span><span>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=179016</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) as CRD42020179016.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 8","pages":"Article 104420"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023540/pdfft?md5=1385fb12c10c818e17bc9068dd506bf5&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023540-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Egg Hub Model: A Sustainable and Replicable Approach to Address Food Security and Improve Livelihoods","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Despite progress in improving living standards and reduced poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition remain a significant issue worldwide. Childhood is a critical time for the intake of protein to support physical and cognitive growth, including animal-source foods like eggs which can effectively mitigate stunting in low- and middle-income countries. In Malawi, high malnutrition rates among women and children represent a significant public health challenge, but high-quality sources such as eggs remain costly, scarce, and rarely consumed by children in Malawi. The Egg Hub model, identified and piloted by local agri-food entrepreneurs and the <em>Sight and Life</em> Foundation in Malawi, tackles the obstacles faced by smallholder farmers, working to increase egg production, enhance availability, and improve consumption within rural communities by supporting small-scale farmers transition from unsustainable and unproductive backyard rearing to small-scale farm through access to high-quality inputs, training, loans, and a guaranteed market for their eggs.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This paper provides a detailed account of the implementation of the pilot of the Egg Hub Model in Malawi including the demand creation process, the impact of the model on producers, consumers, and operators, and the social, economic, and environmental sustainability aspects of the model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Qualitative and quantitative surveys (n = 217 consumers) were used for demand creation and qualitative surveys were used with 15 retailers to determine egg sales. With 16 farmers and the egg hub operator, business metrics, including profits and loss records, were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The pilot of the Egg Hub model in Malawi supported 85 farmers to triple their egg production, allowing their communities to purchase eggs at prices reduced by 40%, benefiting an estimated number of 180,000 rural poor. Egg consumption among the target population increased from an average of 2 to 9 eggs/month and led to reduced egg wastage and better biosecurity, reducing the risk of children’s exposure to chicken feces and infections. The achievements of this Egg Hub in Malawi allowed the model to be replicated in Ethiopia, Peru, and Brazil, producing 40 million eggs annually and benefiting more than half a million consumers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The Egg Hub model is a comprehensive and scalable solution to increase egg supply, address malnutrition and food insecurity, and improve livelihoods. The advantages include centralizing key activities through a community-centered approach, empowering female farmers, increasing access to a highly nutritious food, and economic benefits for farmers and their communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 8","pages":"Article 103795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124017293/pdfft?md5=417e0d8e647d89636983e61d9ebe6afa&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124017293-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141410444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Nutrient Contribution of Community-Based Insects in Children’s Food in Northern Ghana","authors":"Clement Kubreziga Kubuga ,&nbsp;Majeed Baako ,&nbsp;Jan W Low","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Micronutrient deficiencies are a major problem among children in northern Ghana. Available local foods and existing plant-based dietary patterns among children are insufficient to meet children’s nutrients requirements. Aside enhancing diets with animal source foods, most of which are expensive for rural households, entomophagy, which is culturally accepted, appears to be a great alternative.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to <em>1</em>) document the types of insects commonly consumed and the reasons for or against entomophagy in the study area, <em>2</em>) document the reasons for adding or not adding insects to household meals, and <em>3</em>) determine the nutrient contribution of community-based insects in children's food.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were concurrently applied in this exploratory study (<em>N</em> = 392 individuals; 6 focus group discussions) in northern Ghana.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Termites, crickets, grasshoppers, and caterpillars were recognized as the most prevalent edible insects in communities. These insects were largely consumed by children but presently only included in household meals by a few households. Individual, sociocultural, sensory characteristics of insects, climate, and economic aspects were cited as grounds for and against entomophagy. Existing community-based children’s diets were unable to meet the acceptable recommended nutrient intake (RNI; within a given age and gender group, the RNI is the amount of a nutrient ingested daily that would meet the needs of almost all healthy individuals in that group) level of all nutrients under consideration, especially for zinc, vitamin B-12, folate, and fat. Inclusion of community-based edible insects increased the RNI levels for all 11 micronutrients considered and met children’s zinc, vitamin B-12, folate, and fat requirements.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Community-based insects demonstrate a great potential for meeting micronutrients needs of children in the research setting. Future research is required to improve households’ adoption of community-based insects as part of household meals and to make insects accessible to households.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 8","pages":"Article 104410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023448/pdfft?md5=3548d3178d92cc7578ce259c87ee04a7&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023448-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency and Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos","authors":"Rebecca K Campbell ,&nbsp;Bhagya Galkissa Dewage ,&nbsp;Christina Cordero ,&nbsp;Luis E Maldonado ,&nbsp;Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ,&nbsp;Martha L Daviglus ,&nbsp;Maria Argos","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Women of reproductive age are at elevated risk of iron deficiency (ID) and anemia; in the United States, those of Hispanic/Latino background are at especially high risk. Causes of ID and anemia and variations in risk within Hispanic/Latino women of reproductive age are not well described.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To characterize ID and anemia and their risk factors/markers in Hispanic/Latina women.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) were used. HCHS/SOL enrolled participants in 2008–2011 at 4 sites: Bronx, Chicago, Miami, and San Diego; 5386 were non-pregnant women ages 18–49 y. Primary outcomes were ID (ferritin &lt;30 μg/L) and anemia (hemoglobin &lt;12 g/dL). Predictors were background/heritage, Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics scores, years lived in the United States, and interview language, diet summarized in the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010, sociodemographic covariates, and study site. Main analyses used survey log binomial regressions adjusted for age, site, and smoking.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Almost half (42%) of participants were of Mexican background, 15% of Cuban background, and &lt;15% each were of Puerto Rican, Dominican, Central American, or South American background. ID prevalence was 34.4% overall but differed by site-background pairings. The lowest and highest prevalence were 26% and 42% among women of Cuban background in Miami and women of Mexican background in Chicago, respectively. Anemia prevalence was 16% and ranged from 8.9% (Central American background/Miami) to 22% (Dominican background/Bronx). Acculturation, sociodemographic, and diet variables examined did not explain observed prevalence differences by site/background.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Prevalence of ID and anemia were high among HCHS/SOL women and differed by field center and background. These differences highlight the importance of characterizing nutritional risk by background within Hispanic/Latino women.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 8","pages":"Article 104419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023539/pdfft?md5=1576b254e91d38a4b78f5103012c281e&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023539-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sensitive Method for Determination 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Human Brain using Ultra-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Andrew Xuan ,&nbsp;Gregory G Dolnikowski ,&nbsp;Sarah L Booth ,&nbsp;M Kyla Shea ,&nbsp;Julie A Schneider ,&nbsp;Xueyan Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)₂D₃], has been associated with neuroprotective effects in the brain, but has been difficult to measure in human brain tissue because of its low concentration. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive method to quantify 1,25(OH)₂D₃ in the human brain. Prior to analysis by the LC-MS/MS, the samples were derivatized with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione. The method showed good linearity of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ over the physiological range (<em>R</em>² = 0.9998). The limit of detection was 2.5 pg/g, &gt;10 times lower than the previously reported limit of detection. The average 1,25(OH)₂D₃ concentrations in 3 regions of human brain tissue samples were: anterior watershed 30.7 pg/g; mid-temporal cortex 19.2 pg/g; and cerebellum 18.5 pg/g. This validated method to quantify 1,25(OH)₂D₃ in human brain tissue can be applied to obtain information about its presence in various regions of the human brain associated with neurodegenerative diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 8","pages":"Article 104418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023527/pdfft?md5=1add1e128539362f2c18e87ae71919ba&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023527-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Core Principles and Practices for the Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Social and Behavior Change for Nutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Contexts with Special Applications for Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture","authors":"Mary Packard-Winkler ,&nbsp;Lenette Golding ,&nbsp;Tsedenia Tewodros ,&nbsp;Emily Faerber ,&nbsp;Amy Webb Girard","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There is currently no cogent set of standards to guide the design, implementation and evaluation of nutrition social and behavior change (SBC), including for nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA).</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We aimed to capture, consolidate, and describe SBC core principles and practices (CPPs), reflecting professional consensus, and to offer programmatic examples that illustrate their application for NSA projects in low- and middle-income countries.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a narrative review following a 4-step iterative process to identify and describe SBC CPPs. We first reviewed general SBC frameworks and technical documents and developed a preliminary list of CPPs and their definitions. Following review and feedback from 8 content experts, we revised the CPPs, incorporating the panel’s feedback, and conducted a more specific search of the peer-reviewed and gray literature. We presented a revised draft of the CPPs to 26 NSA researchers, practitioners, and implementers at the 2022 Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy annual conference. We then conducted a focused review of each CPP, and 3 content experts rereviewed the final draft.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We reviewed ∼475 documents and resources resulting in a set of 4 core principles: <em>1</em>) following a systematic, strategic method in designing, implementing, and evaluating SBC activities; <em>2</em>) ensuring design and implementation are evidence-based; <em>3</em>) grounding design and implementation in theory; and <em>4</em>) authentically engaging communities. Additionally, we identified 11 core practices and mapped these to the different stages in the SBC design, implementation, and evaluation cycle. Detailed descriptions, illustrative examples and resources for implementation are provided for each CPP.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>An explicit set of CPPs for SBC can serve as a guide for design, research, implementation, and evaluation of nutrition and NSA programs; help standardize knowledge sharing and production; and contribute to improved quality of implementation. Broader consultation with SBC practitioners and researchers will further consensus on this work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 8","pages":"Article 104414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023485/pdfft?md5=b91f0266f55495d083d4d341a2029687&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023485-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed Methods Study Investigating Adolescent Acceptance and Implementation Outcomes of Serving Spicy Vegetables in School Lunch","authors":"Emily Siebert ,&nbsp;Soo-Yeun Lee ,&nbsp;Carter Philips ,&nbsp;Melissa Pflugh Prescott","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Only a few adolescents are meeting their daily vegetable requirement. At the same time, spicy food is increasingly popular and familiar across cultures.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To explore the implementation of spicy vegetables into school meals, the primary objective is to determine adolescents’ preferred degree of hot spice on steamed broccoli. Secondary objectives include estimating the appropriateness and acceptability of spicy vegetables in the National School Lunch Program and identifying strategies to promote spicy vegetables within school meals.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>One hundred participants between the age 11 and 17 y sampled 4 steamed broccoli florets with varying levels of a ground red and cayenne pepper spice blend (0, 0.9, 2.0, and 4.0 g). Participants rated their likeability of each broccoli sample on a 9-point hedonic scale and answered a survey assessing chili liking, chili consumption patterns, appropriateness, and acceptability. An interview assessed perspectives on spicy vegetables within school lunch.</p><p>Regression analyses assessed relationships between participant attributes and sample ratings and survey outcomes. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to cluster together participants with similar sample liking ratings.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Seventy-seven percent of participants reported that chili pepper makes food taste better, and 67% consumed spicy food weekly or daily. Chili likers (<em>n</em> = 41) were the dominant cluster group, compared with moderates (<em>n</em> = 31) and chili dislikers (<em>n</em> = 28). Thematic analysis results suggested that most participants support incorporating spicy vegetables into school lunch but mushy vegetable texture may undermine the impact of changing school vegetable spice levels.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Spicy foods are commonly consumed by adolescents, and these findings support the inclusion of spicy vegetables in school lunch. Additional research is needed to identify policies and practices to improve the texture of vegetables in school meals and determine additional strategies to support cultural humility in child nutrition programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 8","pages":"Article 104425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S247529912402359X/pdfft?md5=0c1056966107a36ff2e2408765efa0dc&pid=1-s2.0-S247529912402359X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of LPS on Inflammatory Responses in Alpha-Tocopherol Deficient Mice","authors":"Megumi H Seese ,&nbsp;Andrew J Steelman ,&nbsp;John W Erdman Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To facilitate the evaluation of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, αT) status on health outcomes, the αT transfer protein knockout (<em>Ttpa</em>^{<em>–/–</em>}) mouse model has proved to be an effective tool for lowering αT body stores. Our previous study showed a further reduction in grip strength in LPS-treated <em>Ttpa</em>^{<em>–/–</em>} compared with wild-type (WT) mice during a 9-wk αT-deficient diet feeding period but did not find a difference in LPS-induced inflammatory response markers. Further optimization of this mouse model is warranted to determine the appropriate depletion period and biomarkers endpoints.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The objective was to examine whether 12 wk of an αT-deficient diet altered the inflammatory response 4 and/or 24 h after LPS injection in WT and <em>Ttpa</em>^{<em>–/–</em>} mice.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>WT and <em>Ttpa</em>^{<em>–/–</em>} weanling littermates were fed an αT-deficient diet <em>ad libitum</em> for 12 wk. Mice were then injected with LPS (10 μg/mouse) or saline (control) intraperitoneally and killed 4 (Study 1) or 24 h (Study 2) later. Concentrations of αT in tissues were measured via HPLC. Grip strength and burrowing were evaluated to assess sickness behaviors before/after LPS injection. Expression of genes related to inflammatory responses was examined via RT-PCR.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>αT concentrations in the brain, liver, and serum of <em>Ttpa</em>^{<em>–/–</em>} mice were notably lower or undetectable compared with WT mice in both studies. Hepatic αT concentrations were further decreased 24 h after LPS injection. Grip strength was reduced at 4 h post-injection but partially recovered to baseline values 24 h after LPS injection. The expression of genes related to inflammatory responses were altered by LPS. However, neither measure of sickness behavior nor gene expression markers differed between genotypes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A 4-h LPS challenge reduced grip strength and resulted in an inflammatory response. At 24 h post-dosing, there was a partial, transitory recovery response in both <em>Ttpa</em>^{<em>–/–</em>} and WT mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 8","pages":"Article 104416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023503/pdfft?md5=888d92c4fd67e4f1123e84f8bc55e115&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023503-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consuming Beetroot Juice Improves Slalom Performance and Reduces Muscle Soreness in Alpine Skiers under Hypoxic Conditions","authors":"Alireza Ahmadpour ,&nbsp;Mohammad Fashi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hemmatinafar","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation has been shown to increase sports performance under hypoxic conditions and to improve athletes’ recovery.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of acute BRJ supplementation on slalom (SL) run performance and muscle soreness (MS) in Alpine skiers at moderate to high altitudes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ten male Alpine skiers received 220 mL of BRJ (8.9 mmol/L nitrate) or placebo (PLA) in 2 sessions with a 7-d wash out interval in a randomized, crossover, PLA-controlled, double-blind study. The 90-s box jump (BJ90), agility hexagonal obstacle jump (Hex Jump), and wall-sit tests were measured before on-hill SL runs in both sessions. After the functional tests, SL run performance was measured by time to complete 2 runs on the SL course; immediately after each SL run, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded. In addition, perceived MS was recorded using the visual analog scale at 12, 24, and 48 h after the SL runs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The data were meticulously analyzed using 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance and paired <em>t</em> tests with significance set at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05. The findings were significant, indicating that compared with PLA, BRJ notably improved wall-sit and BJ90 performances (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while a substantial reduction was observed in RPE, Hex Jump, and MS (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). A 1.74% shorter time to complete SL runs was observed in the BRJ group compared with the PLA group; however, there were no significant differences between the PLA and BRJ groups (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results underscore the potential of BRJ supplementation to enhance sports performance and reduce MS in Alpine skiers under hypoxic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 8","pages":"Article 104408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023424/pdfft?md5=5b3677a2669afdcf0ea3fc0fcdde734f&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023424-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Diet Containing Animal Source Protein as Fresh, Lean Beef Is More Well Liked and Promotes Healthier Eating Behavior Compared with Plant-Based Alternatives in Women with Overweight","authors":"Morgan L Braden ,&nbsp;Jess A Gwin ,&nbsp;Heather J Leidy","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Despite limited evidence from intervention trials, replacing animal-source protein-rich foods with plant alternatives continues to be recommended as part of a healthy dietary pattern.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The objective of this study was to examine whether a diet containing fresh, lean beef elicits greater satiety, reduces ad libitum food intake, and is more acceptable compared with a diet containing plant alternatives in women with overweight.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seventeen women with overweight (mean ± SEM, age: 33 ± 1 y; BMI: 27.8 ± 0.1 kg/m²) completed an acute, tightly controlled, crossover design study. Participants were provided with eucaloric, isonitrogenous diets (15% of daily intake as protein) containing either 2 servings/d of fresh lean beef (BEEF) or plant equivalents (PLANT) for 7 d/pattern. During day 6 of each pattern, the participants completed a 10-h controlled-feeding, clinical testing day, which included repeated appetite and satiety questionnaires and blood sampling to assess pre- and postprandial plasma peptide YY (PYY) and GLP-1 across the day. On day 7, the participants completed a free-living testing day in which they consumed their respective protein foods and were provided with additional carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods to consume, ad libitum, during each eating occasion. Energy and macronutrient composition were assessed. A 2- to 3-wk washout period occurred between patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No differences in daily satiety were detected between patterns. During the ad libitum testing day, 24-h food intake was not different between patterns (BEEF: 2714 ± 219 compared with PLANT: 2859 ± 147 kcals/d), BEEF led to fewer carbohydrates consumed compared with PLANT (338 ± 34 compared with 370 ± 22 g/d, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), especially as sugar (169 ± 73 g compared with 186 ± 57 g, <em>P</em> = 0.05). Furthermore, BEEF was more well liked (i.e., higher flavor, texture, and acceptability) compared with PLANT (all, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Although satiety was similar between patterns, the consumption of animal-source protein-rich foods, such as fresh and lean beef, was more well liked and resulted in voluntary reductions in total carbohydrate and sugar intake in middle-aged women with overweight during a single ad libitum testing day.</p><p>This study was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT02614729.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 8","pages":"Article 104415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023497/pdfft?md5=dfe912992c4c814157758ac486c09121&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023497-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}