膳食纤维摄入对儿童和青少年慢性低度炎症的影响：随机对照试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107511

Mª Isabel Benedicto-Toboso , Andressa Freire Salviano , María L Miguel-Berges , Isabel Rueda-De Torre , Luis A Moreno , Alba M Santaliestra-Pasías

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引用次数: 0

摘要

先前的研究表明，膳食纤维（DF）的摄入可能有助于减少慢性低度炎症（CLGI），这是一种与心脏代谢风险因素的早期发展有关的疾病。儿童期和青春期是预防非传染性疾病的关键时期，此时养成健康的饮食习惯，包括摄入充足的纤维，可以有效控制CLGI。然而，关于DF对儿童CLGI影响的证据仍然不一致，并且尚未在一篇文章中进行全面审查。因此，我们旨在进行系统回顾和荟萃分析，以评估DF摄入量对儿童和青少年CLGI的影响。系统检索4个数据库，截止到2025年1月。两名评审人员根据纳入标准筛选了2030项研究：随机对照试验，受试者≤18岁，干预措施(i)采用任何类型的DF（补充剂、富含纤维的食物或纤维摄入建议），并报告血清CLGI标志物，包括c反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素(IL)-6和TNF-α等。系统评价纳入了25个随机对照试验，结果显示DF可能对CRP、IL-10、脂联素、IL-1β和IL-6浓度有有益影响；尽管研究结果不一致，一些研究报告没有明显的变化。对CRP、IL-6和TNF-α进行meta分析。荟萃分析包括10项研究，结果显示，与对照组相比，DF后CRP浓度显著降低（平均差异：-0.640;95% CI: -1.075, -0.204）。荟萃回归显示，与富含纤维的食物相比，以补充纤维为基础的饮食显著降低了CRP。对IL-6和TNF-α浓度的荟萃分析显示，在DF i后，IL-6和TNF-α浓度没有显著影响。总之，本综述提供的证据表明，纤维Is可能对儿童和青少年CLGI的某些标志物有有益的影响，特别是通过降低血清CRP浓度。然而，研究结果也揭示了纤维摄入对其他炎症标志物的影响不一致。该试验在普洛斯彼罗注册为CRD42024516794。

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Effect of Dietary Fiber Intake on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Previous research suggests that dietary fiber (DF) intake may help reduce chronic low-grade inflammation (CLGI), a condition linked to the early development of cardiometabolic risk factors. Childhood and adolescence represent critical periods for preventing noncommunicable diseases, when adopting healthy eating habits, including adequate fiber consumption, could effectively control CLGI. However, the evidence on DF’s impact on CLGI in the pediatric population remains inconsistent and has not been comprehensively reviewed in a single article. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of DF intake on CLGI in children and adolescents. A systematic search was performed in 4 databases up to January 2025. Two reviewers screened 2030 studies based on inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials involving participants ≤18 y, interventions (Is) with any type of DF (supplementation, fiber-rich foods, or fiber intake advice) and reporting serum CLGI markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and TNF-α, among others. Twenty-five randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic review, which showed that DF may have beneficial effects on CRP, IL-10, adiponectin, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations; though findings were inconsistent, with some studies reporting no significant changes. Meta-analysis was conducted for CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. Meta-analysis for CRP concentrations included 10 studies and revealed a significant decrease following DF Is compared to controls (mean difference: –0.640; 95% CI: –1.075, –0.204). Meta-regression revealed that Is based on fiber supplementation resulted in significantly greater CRP reductions compared to those involving fiber-rich foods. Meta-analysis for IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations showed no significant effect after DF I. In conclusion, this review provides evidence that fiber Is may have a beneficial impact on certain markers of CLGI in children and adolescents, particularly by reducing serum CRP concentrations. However, the findings also reveal inconsistencies in the effects of fiber intake on other inflammatory markers.

This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42024516794.

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