Tamlin S Conner , Nicola A Gillies , Anna Worthington , Emma N Bermingham , Jillian J Haszard , Scott O Knowles , Daniel R Bernstein , David Cameron-Smith , Andrea J Braakhuis
{"title":"Effect of Moderate Red Meat Intake Compared With Plant-Based Meat Alternative on Psychological Well-Being: A 10-Wk Cluster Randomized Intervention in Healthy Young Adults","authors":"Tamlin S Conner , Nicola A Gillies , Anna Worthington , Emma N Bermingham , Jillian J Haszard , Scott O Knowles , Daniel R Bernstein , David Cameron-Smith , Andrea J Braakhuis","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A healthy diet has been proposed to support good mental health, but the addition of either red meat or meat alternatives is nuanced.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to determine if psychological and physiological well-being is differentially affected by consuming recommended weekly amounts of either lean red meat or plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) supplemented with a plant-rich diet.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The trial was a parallel 2-arm randomized intervention of 10 wk duration. Eighty healthy omnivorous young adults were clustered as 40 cohabitating household pairs. Each pair was randomly assigned to consume 3 weekly servings of either fresh New Zealand beef and lamb or the equivalent PBMA. They maintained an otherwise ovo-lacto vegetarian diet, aided by a weekly meal kit and supported by engaged advice from research dietitians. Psychological measures were well-being (World Health Organization–Five Well-Being Index); depression, anxiety, and stress (depression anxiety stress scales-short form-21); and fatigue (multidimensional fatigue symptom inventory-short form) assessed weekly throughout the trial. Blood biomarkers included neurotransmitter-related compounds, iron status and vitamins B12 and D. Physical activity and sleep were estimated by a fitness wristband. Mixed effect modeling evaluated changes in each outcome over time relative to its baseline and compared the 2 interventions accounting for randomization unit clustering.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-nine household pairs completed the trial. Participants measured as psychologically healthy at baseline. There were no significant differences between groups in the degree of change from baseline for the psychological outcomes, nor for the majority of the circulatory markers. Differences in changes to vitamin B12 status and 3 neurotransmitter-related compounds (adenosine, agmatine, and tyrosine) from baseline to week 10 were observed between groups. Results were similar in all sensitivity analyses when adjusting for physical activity, sleep, and diet quality covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There was no effect on the psychological measures and limited change to physiological status when comparing a balanced diet containing either red meat or PBMAs in healthy young adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11666937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark ET Willems , Sam D Blacker , Stefano Montanari , Matthew D Cook
{"title":"Anthocyanin-Rich Blackcurrant Supplementation as a Nutraceutical Ergogenic Aid for Exercise Performance and Recovery: A Narrative Review","authors":"Mark ET Willems , Sam D Blacker , Stefano Montanari , Matthew D Cook","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Athletes and physically active individuals consume sport nutrition supplements to enhance competitive sport performance and exercise recovery. Polyphenols have emerged as a promising area of research with application for sport and exercise nutrition owing to affecting physiologic mechanisms for exercise performance and recovery. The anthocyanin is a polyphenol that can be abundantly present in dark-colored fruits, berries, and vegetables. Anthocyanins and anthocyanin-induced metabolites will provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The focus of this narrative review was on the observations with intake of anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant supplements on whole-body exercise performance and exercise recovery. This review included 17 studies with a randomized placebo-controlled crossover design (10 studies on performance and 8 on recovery effects) and 1 with a randomized placebo-controlled parallel group design (recovery effects). Among the performance studies, 6 studies (60%) reported positive effects, 3 studies (30%) reported no significant effects, and 1 study (10%) reported a mixed outcome. Among the recovery studies, 7 studies (78%) reported positive effects, 1 study (11%) reported no significant effects, and 1 study (11%) reported a negative effect. Studies with intake of supplements made from New Zealand blackcurrants (dose: 1.8–3.2 mg/kg and 105–315 mg anthocyanins, acute to 7-d intake) provided meaningful (but not always consistent) effects on continuous and intermittent exercise performance tasks (i.e. rowing, cycling, and running) and markers for exercise recovery. A mechanistic understanding for the beneficial exercise effects of anthocyanins for athletes and physically active individuals is still limited. Future work requires a better understanding of the specific types of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-induced metabolites and their effects on altering cell function that can enhance exercise performance and recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie Tassy , Ries van Dijk , Alison L Eldridge , Tsz Ning Mak , Adam Drewnowski , Edith JM Feskens
{"title":"Nutrient Profiling Models in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Considering Local Nutritional Challenges: A Systematic Review","authors":"Marie Tassy , Ries van Dijk , Alison L Eldridge , Tsz Ning Mak , Adam Drewnowski , Edith JM Feskens","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micronutrient deficiencies, undernutrition, and overweight/obesity are prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Nutrient profiling models (NPMs), initially developed to help reduce the prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases in Western countries, could be one solution to promote nutrient-dense foods in LMICs. This study reviewed government-endorsed NPMs implemented in LMICs and assessed their key components in relation to country-specific nutritional challenges. The peer-reviewed and grey literature were systematically reviewed to identify government-endorsed NPMs implemented in LMICs to promote healthier choices among adults. Their key metrics, including scope, components, units, and validation method, were extracted. The prevalence of undernutrition; overweight/obesity; and iron, vitamin A, and iodine deficiencies were extracted from the Global Health Observatory and the Global Burden of Disease study. NPMs have been implemented in 16 LMICs to encourage healthier choices, mostly through front-of-pack labeling schemes. Warning Label schemes are used to strongly discourage the consumption of energy-dense products in countries where overnutrition affects most of the population, such as Latin American LMICs. A “Keyhole” front-of-pack labeling scheme was implemented only in North Macedonia. It limits sugar, fat, and salt while promoting fibers, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes to prevent overnutrition and diet-related chronic diseases. “Choices” schemes that focus on positive messages have been implemented in Southeast Asia and Zambia where over- and undernutrition coexist. “Choices” criteria encourage the consumption of category-specific vitamins and minerals, in addition to advocating limiting certain nutrients. In LMICs, NPMs focus on discouraging the consumption of sugar, fat, and salt. Additionally, NPMs promote category-specific micronutrients in countries where undernutrition remains prevalent or food components associated with a reduced risk of diet-related chronic diseases, including whole grains and fibers, in countries where overnutrition is the main nutrition-related public health issue.</div><div>This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42023468807.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula R Trumbo , Jamy Ard , France Bellisle , Adam Drewnowski , Jack A Gilbert , Ronald Kleinman , Anoop Misra , John Sievenpiper , Maha Tahiri , Karol E Watson , James Hill
{"title":"Perspective: Current Scientific Evidence and Research Strategies in the Role of Almonds in Cardiometabolic Health","authors":"Paula R Trumbo , Jamy Ard , France Bellisle , Adam Drewnowski , Jack A Gilbert , Ronald Kleinman , Anoop Misra , John Sievenpiper , Maha Tahiri , Karol E Watson , James Hill","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Almonds are consumed by individuals around the world. Because almonds are rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acids, and fiber, a significant amount of research has been conducted on their role in affecting various cardiometabolic endpoints (body weight, blood pressure, blood cholesterol levels, and glycemic response). The most current meta-analyses on almond consumption and various health-related endpoints suggest that almond consumption does not result in weight gain and results in small reductions in LDL cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure, as well as improved glycemic responses in certain populations (i.e. Asian Indians). A number of research gaps on almond consumption and cardiometabolic health were identified that should be addressed to further understand their role in the various cardiometabolic endpoints, including the mechanisms of action interactions with the microbiome with regular consumption and their role as part of a healthy dietary pattern for both individuals and the general population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camilla Soegaard, Simon Riis, Jesper Friis Mortensen, Mette Hansen
{"title":"Carbohydrate Restriction During Recovery from High-Intensity–Interval Training Enhances Fat Oxidation During Subsequent Exercise and Does Not Compromise Performance When Combined With Caffeine","authors":"Camilla Soegaard, Simon Riis, Jesper Friis Mortensen, Mette Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Carbohydrate restriction can alter substrate utilization and potentially impair endurance performance in female athletes. Caffeine intake may mitigate this performance decrements.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that maximal fat oxidation (MFO) rate would be enhanced in the carbohydrate (CHO) restricted state in trained females. Additionally, the impact of caffeine intake before exercise under conditions of low CHO availability was examined on time-trial performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>By using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 17 female endurance athletes completed 3 experimental blocks. Each block consisted of high-intensity-interval–training (HIT) in the evening, followed by a fat oxidation test to measure MFO rate and a 20-min time trial (20TT) performance the next morning. The females received standardized, isoenergetic diets with different timing of CHO intake: No CHO between exercise sessions without (FASTED) or with 300 mg caffeine (4.1–4.9 mg/kg body mass) (FASTED+CAFF) before morning exercise tests or CHO ingestion after HIT (FED).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MFO rate was higher in FASTED+CAFF (0.57 ± 0.04 g/min) than that in FED (0.50 ± 0.04 g/min, <em>P</em> = 0.039) but not different from FASTED condition. Power output performed during the 20TT was higher after FASTED+CAFF (189 ± 9 W) than that after FASTED (+6.9%, <em>P</em> = 0.022) and FED (+4.2%, <em>P</em> = 0.054).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CHO restriction during recovery from HIT enhances MFO rate during subsequent exercise compared with the condition where CHOs were consumed during the recovery period, but the effect was only significant when CHO restriction was combined with caffeine supplementation before the MFO test. In addition, caffeine ingestion before exercise in the CHO-restricted state compensates for the decreased work capacity associated with the CHO-restricted state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perspective: Milk and Dairy Provide Affordable High-Quality Protein and Merit Inclusion in the Protein Foods Group","authors":"Adam Drewnowski","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) protein foods group includes meat, poultry, seafood, and several plant-based proteins—but not dairy. Yet milk, yogurt, and cheese provide affordable high-quality protein and multiple priority micronutrients. The present analyses compared dairy with Protein Group foods in terms of protein content and quality, nutrient density, and protein cost, using USDA nutrient composition databases and published national food prices. Protein quality was adjusted using Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Scores (PDCAAS). Nutrient density was assessed using the Nutrient Rich Food Index calculated per 100 kcal and per serving. Affordability was the cost of providing 1-oz equivalent of PDCAAS-corrected high-quality protein. Servings of milk, yogurt, and cheese provided 7 g of protein and were comparable with eggs and beans in terms of protein cost. The MyPlate 1-oz protein equivalency table ought to consider protein quality and ought to include dairy products as sources of dietary protein.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Chen , Chungyi Chiu , Helen Hoi Ting Cheung , Sylvia L Crowder , Xi Chen , Linda Trinh , Anna E Arthur
{"title":"Breast Cancer Survivors’ Diet and Physical Activity Preferences and Barriers: How COVID-19 Changed the Intervention Landscape","authors":"Xin Chen , Chungyi Chiu , Helen Hoi Ting Cheung , Sylvia L Crowder , Xi Chen , Linda Trinh , Anna E Arthur","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Existing studies on breast cancer survivors (BCS) have primarily focused on individual aspects of either diet or exercise preferences and barriers. Our study aims to examine BCS’ perceptions toward diet and exercise combined. Given the transformative impact of COVID-19, there is a crucial need for insights in the post-pandemic era to address the distinct challenges faced by BCS in maintaining their health and well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This exploratory study aims to understand BCS’ preferences for and barriers to diet and exercise to inform future intervention development.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was administered to adults diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ or stage I–IV breast cancer (BC) from 2019 to 2021 regarding interest, preferences, and barriers to participating in diet and exercise interventions. Descriptive analysis compared pre-COVID-19 (pre-C) and during-COVID-19 pandemic (during-C) subsets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 224 participants. Over half expressed interest in a BC research study related to diet and exercise. Most preferred receiving consultations in-person with relevant specialists, education or counseling in one-on-one sections, and information from written materials, in-person, or via technology. Barriers were fatigue, family, and work. One hundred and thirty participants completed the survey pre-C, and 94 during-C. Compared with pre-C, during-C participants preferred visual communication tools for information on nutrition and exercise over in-person methods (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In most categories, the percentage of barriers noted during-C was greater than pre-C.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Participants indicated preference for dual-modal diet and exercise interventions. The pandemic impacted participation preferences and barriers, with shifts toward favoring visual communication tools over in-person services and increasing psychosocial and COVID-related barriers. Hybrid care, combining in-person with technology-based delivery, shows promise in enhancing flexibility and accessibility in nutrition and exercise interventions amid the pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104519"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence of High Fat Sugar Salt Products, Labeling Characteristics, and Categories of Foods Sold within In-Store Restricted Areas: A Survey in 3 UK Supermarkets after the 2022 Implementation of the Food (Promotion and Placement) Regulations","authors":"Ella Hurst, Sally G Moore, Lewis W Wallis","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Regulations restricting the promotion of some less-healthy products high in fat, sugar, or salt (HFSS) within “restricted areas” (RAs) of supermarkets came into force in October 2022 in England.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the prevalence of HFSS products and front-of-pack nutrition labeling (FOPNL) characteristics of foods sold within RAs in a sample of supermarket stores.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey of products in RAs in 3 supermarkets was undertaken from November 2022 to February 2023 using photographs, recording the display of FOPNL. Identified via the online supermarket, product nutrition and ingredient data were collected and used to categorize each as either “in” or out-of-scope of the regulations. The UK Nutrient Profiling Model was used to determine product HFSS status and the FOPNL multiple traffic light criteria used to calculate the number of inherent red traffic lights (iRTLs) possessed. Prevalence of HFSS, FOPNL, and iRTLs were calculated as a proportion (%) of total products. Associations between these characteristics were explored using chi-squared tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 86 RAs were identified across the 3 stores, of which 32 displayed 679 food products. Most of these products fell into categories considered out-of-scope of the regulations (64%, <em>n =</em> 435) with prevalence of HFSS at 42% (282 of 435 products). For products within in-scope categories, 17% were HFSS (42 of 245). Half of all included products (53%, <em>n =</em> 357) displayed FOPNL, and 16% possessed 1–3 iRTLs, including both HFSS and non-HFSS items. HFSS products in categories in-scope of the regulations were less likely to display FOPNL compared with non-HFSS products (X<sup>2</sup> =25, <em>P</em> < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>After the implementation of The Food (Promotion and Placement) Regulations, foods sold in RAs of 3 supermarkets included those in categories in- and out-of-scope, a variable prevalence of less-healthy (HFSS) products, display of FOPNL, and possession of iRTLs. Findings and approach support future impact evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11681850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}