Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"A Review of Anemia Prevalence, and Prevention and Control Strategies, in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia Region","authors":"Jacky Knowles ,&nbsp;Tamsin Walters ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Yarparvar ,&nbsp;Rebecca Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anemia is a global public health and nutrition problem. However, data on its prevalence and potential causal factors in the 22 countries of the UNICEF Europe and Central Asia region are not systematically collected, analyzed, and reported, leading to challenges in formulating appropriate preventative strategies. We examined available anemia prevalence data among different population groups through reviewing survey reports from 2010 to 2022; conducted a literature review to explore underlying determinants of anemia including iron deficiency; and collated and reviewed program and policy documentation across the region. Anemia prevalence data for the period 1999–2009 were also researched to examine trends in anemia prevalence in the region over the past 23 y. Nationally representative data for anemia for ≥1 population group since 2010 were found for half the 22 countries, whereas less than a quarter of countries had recent data for iron deficiency. There was a lack of evidence for other factors potentially contributing to anemia in the region. Where information was available, our findings highlight that anemia remained a problem of public health significance among girls and women 15–49 y old and preschool children in all countries with data; anemia was highly associated with iron deficiency; large discrepancies in anemia prevalence existed between geographical regions and subpopulation groups within countries; and only a few countries were implementing the recommended WHO strategies to prevent and control anemia. The paucity of recent, representative, data on anemia in many countries and on the etiology of anemia in most countries remain obstacles to ensuring that effective anemia prevention strategies are placed high on national agendas in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 104477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements on Pubertal Status of 9–13-Year Olds: A Follow-Up Study of the iLiNS-DYAD-Ghana Trial","authors":"Helena Nti ,&nbsp;Seth Adu-Afarwuah ,&nbsp;Brietta M Oaks ,&nbsp;Elizabeth L Prado ,&nbsp;Charles D Arnold ,&nbsp;Paul D. Hastings ,&nbsp;Amanda E Guyer ,&nbsp;Kathryn G Dewey ,&nbsp;Benjamin Amponsah ,&nbsp;Helena J Bentil ,&nbsp;Mavis Osipi Mensah ,&nbsp;Ebenezer Adjetey ,&nbsp;Xiuping Tan ,&nbsp;Lois Maame Donkor Aryee ,&nbsp;Fatimah Bintu Ayete Labi ,&nbsp;Adom Manu","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early and delayed puberty are both associated with adverse health and psychosocial outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We assessed the impact of provision of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement (SQ-LNS) to mothers during pregnancy and 6 mo postpartum and to their children aged 6–18 mo, on pubertal status.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was a follow-up to a partially double-blind randomized controlled trial. At ≤20 wk, 1320 females were randomly assigned to receive daily: iron and folic acid during pregnancy and placebo 0–6 mo postpartum; or multiple micronutrients during pregnancy and 0–6 mo postpartum; or SQ-LNS during pregnancy and 0–6 mo postpartum and to their children from 6 to 18 mo. We re-enrolled 966 and 919 children at 9–11 y and 11–13 y, respectively. We calculated a total pubertal status score based on the Petersen Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) to assess growth spurt, skin changes, body hair, facial hair, voice break, breast development, and menstruation. Pubertal status was regressed on child’s age to generate age-adjusted PDS z-scores (aPDSZ); we performed interaction and mediation analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean ± standard deviation aPDSZ did not differ between the SQ-LNS and non-LNS groups at 9–11 y (0.01 ± 0.95 compared with –0.01 ± 0.98; <em>P</em> = 0.958) but was more advanced in the SQ-LNS group at 11–13 y (0.07 ± 1.04 compared with –0.04 ± 0.98; <em>P</em> = 0.049) in the adjusted model. The effect of SQ-LNS varied by sex (<em>P</em>-interaction = 0.003) and household asset index z-score (<em>P</em>-interaction = 0.002): Puberty was more advanced in the SQ-LNS compared with non-LNS group among females (<em>P</em> = 0.007) but not males (<em>P</em> = 0.877), and within lower (<em>P</em> = 0.002) than average (<em>P</em> = 0.436) and higher (<em>P</em> = 0.332) socioeconomic households.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Provision of SQ-LNS during the first 1000 d of life advanced pubertal status among females.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT00970866 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00970866</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 104458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bread Consumption and Cancer Risk: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies","authors":"Glenn A Gaesser ,&nbsp;Siddhartha S Angadi ,&nbsp;Craig Paterson ,&nbsp;Julie Miller Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because bread can contain potential carcinogens such as acrylamide, and is widely consumed, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether bread consumption is associated with increased cancer risk. PubMed and Medline databases were searched up to 1 March 2024, for studies that provided hazard ratios (HRs) (or similar) for bread consumption and cancer incidence or mortality. Only prospective cohort studies were included. We used the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Meta-analysis was performed with Cochrane’s RevMan 5.4.1 software using a DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochrane’s <em>Q</em> (χ²) and <em>I</em>² statistics, and publication bias was assessed with Egger’s test. Twenty-four publications met inclusion criteria, including 1,887,074 adults, and were included in the systematic review. Ten publications that provided HRs were included in the meta-analysis for highest compared with lowest intakes, and an additional 7 publications that provided mortality or incident rate ratios or relative risks were included in supplemental meta-analyses. Of 108 reported HRs (or similar), 97 (79%) were either not statistically significant (<em>n</em> = 86) or indicated lower cancer risk (<em>n</em> = 11) associated with the highest intakes of bread. The meta-analysis indicated that bread intake was not associated with site-specific cancer risk [HR: 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89, 1.14; <em>P</em> = 0.92; 8 publications] or total cancer mortality (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.11; <em>P</em> = 0.32; 2 publications). Supplemental meta-analyses using all risk estimates in addition to HRs confirmed these findings. Whole-grain bread was associated with a lower site-specific cancer risk, mainly because of reduced colorectal cancer risk. Results of the systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that bread consumption is not associated with increased site-specific cancer risk, whereas high whole-grain/nonwhite bread consumption is associated with lower total cancer mortality and colorectal cancer risk.</div><div>This study was registered at Clinical Trials Registry of PROSPERO as registration number CRD42023414156.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 104501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context-Tailored Food-Based Nutrition Education and Counseling for Pregnant Women to Improve Birth Outcomes: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Malawi","authors":"Penjani Rhoda Kamudoni ,&nbsp;Lillian Kaunda ,&nbsp;Marion Tharrey ,&nbsp;Maggie Mphande ,&nbsp;Shyreen Chithambo ,&nbsp;Elaine Ferguson ,&nbsp;Zumin Shi ,&nbsp;Ibrahimu Mdala ,&nbsp;Kenneth Maleta ,&nbsp;Alister Munthali ,&nbsp;Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen ,&nbsp;Per Ole Iversen","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inadequate maternal dietary intakes remain a public health challenge in low-income countries like Malawi and can cause adverse birth outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To improve maternal dietary intakes and thus reduce the prevalence of adverse birth outcomes in rural Malawi.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a 2-armed (1:1) cluster-randomized controlled trial in Southern Malawi, enrolling pregnant women at gestational age 12–18 wk. Twenty villages (clusters) were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. A nutrition education and counseling (NEC) intervention consisted of education sessions followed by cooking demonstrations and counseling sessions. The women were encouraged to use locally available nutrient-dense foods to enhance dietary adequacy and -diversity. We applied linear programming to identify food combinations that could increase micronutrient intakes. The control group received standard antenatal health education.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 311 women recruited, 187 (60%) completed the trial. We found no significant difference in mean birth weights recorded within 1 or 24 h of birth between the intervention and control groups. Intervention infants had greater birth length (<em>P</em> = 0.043) and abdominal circumference (<em>P</em> = 0.007) compared to controls, whereas other birth outcomes did not differ significantly. Notably, a quantile analysis revealed that the NEC intervention favored birth weight among mothers with a height below the mean height of the participant sample (156 cm) (<em>P</em>-interaction = 0.043).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Tailoring NEC in food-insecure communities did not result in a significant difference in birth weight among infants of the participating mothers, but mean birth length and abdominal circumference were greater in the intervention group compared to controls. We noted that the NEC intervention favored birth weight among mothers with a lower height than the mean sample height. Our results warrant further investigation into offering tailored NEC early in pregnancy and on a larger scale.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT03136393.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 104506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Young Children’s Exposure to Food and Beverage Marketing on Mobile Devices","authors":"Erica L Kenney ,&nbsp;Rebecca S Mozaffarian ,&nbsp;Jasmine Norris ,&nbsp;Frances Fleming-Milici ,&nbsp;Sara N Bleich","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Food and beverage marketing drives poor diet quality and obesity risk among children. However, it is unknown how much young children are exposed to digital food and beverage marketing on mobile devices like tablets and smartphones.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to estimate how frequently young children, who are particularly vulnerable to advertising, view food and beverage marketing while using mobile devices.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventy-five 2–11-y olds and their parents from Massachusetts participated in this cross-sectional study from 2022 to 2023. Average estimated exposure to food and beverage advertisements and food/beverage brand appearances was calculated for 5 consecutive days using a combination of battery screenshots and average estimates of marketing collected from children’s devices. Generalized estimating equations tested for sociodemographic differences in advertising exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Young children’s estimated exposure to food and beverage advertisements and brand appearances on mobile devices was highly variable, with many children seeing none on a given day but a substantial minority viewing large amounts. Estimated exposure depended on how much a child used either YouTube or a gaming app; there was no exposure on other apps used by children. Higher parental educational attainment was associated with substantially reduced risk of a child viewing 2 or more food or beverage advertisements or brand appearances on a given day (adjusted odds ratio = 0.26, 95% confidence interval: 0.10, 0.70).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Certain children, particularly those from households with lower parental educational attainment, may be at risk for high exposure to digital food and beverage marketing, whereas other children may have minimal risk. Future research should explore exposure in more diverse samples with valid, feasible measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 104505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beef Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Lisa M Sanders ,&nbsp;Orsolya M Palacios ,&nbsp;Meredith L Wilcox ,&nbsp;Kevin C Maki","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Results from observational studies suggest associations of red meat intake with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, RCTs have not clearly demonstrated a link between red meat consumption and CVD risk factors. Further, the specific effects of beef, the most consumed red meat in the United States, have not been extensively investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT data evaluating the effects of minimally or unprocessed beef intake on CVD risk factors in adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search of the literature was conducted using PubMed and CENTRAL databases. RCTs in adults that provided diets with fresh or minimally processed beef were included. Data were extracted, and pooled estimates from random-effects models were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs) between the beef intervention and comparator intervention with less or no beef. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty relevant RCTs that met the criteria were included. Beef intake did not impact blood pressure or most lipoprotein-related variables, including total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, non–HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A or B, and VLDL-cholesterol. Beef consumption had a small but significant effect on LDL-cholesterol (0.11; 95% CI: 0.008, 0.20; <em>P</em> = 0.03), corresponding to ∼2.7 mg/dL higher LDL-cholesterol in diets containing more beef than that in low-beef or -o beef comparator diets. Sensitivity analyses show this effect was lost when 1 influential study was removed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Daily unprocessed beef intake do not significantly affect most blood lipids, apolipoproteins, or blood pressures, except for a small increase in LDL-cholesterol compared with diets with less or no beef. Thus, there may be other factors influencing the association of red meat and beef on CVD risk that deserve further investigation.</div><div>This study was registered at INPLASY as 202420013.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 104500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant diet quality index predicts nutrients of concern and ultra-processed food intake in low-income children in the United States","authors":"Alana M Chaney ,&nbsp;Charles D Arnold ,&nbsp;Edward A Frongillo ,&nbsp;Lorrene D Ritchie ,&nbsp;Euridice M Steele ,&nbsp;Lauren E Au","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diet quality during infancy can influence nutrient intake and ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption throughout later childhood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated the predictive validity of Infant Diet Quality Index (IDQI) scores from 0 to 1 y of age and consumption of select nutrients and UPFs at different time points in low-income children aged 2–5 y.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dietary surveys and 24-h dietary recalls collected between ages 0 and 12 months from 2613 Special Supplemental Women, Infants, and Children Infant Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 participants were used to assess infant diet quality by final IDQI score ranging from 0 (nonadherence to dietary guidelines) to 1 (complete adherence to guidelines). Single 24-h recalls collected across multiple time points per child aged between 2 and 5 y were used to determine nutrient intakes: vitamin B12 (μg), vitamin D (μg), calcium (mg), iron (mg), zinc (mg), potassium (mg), saturated fat (g), dietary fiber (g), and added sugars (g). Likewise, Nova was used to classify foods (to estimate the percentage of energy from foods) by level of industrial processing at each point in time across ages 2–5 y. Survey-weighted regression analyses estimated associations between total IDQI score and nutrient intake and percentage of energy consumption from each Nova food group at each age between 2–5 y.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IDQI scores based on diet quality from 0–1 y of age were positively associated with children’s dietary fiber and potassium intake at ages 2–5 y. Additionally, IDQI was negatively associated with added sugar intake. No associations were observed between IDQI and saturated fat consumption. IDQI scores at age 1 were positively associated with the percentage of energy attributed to unprocessed/minimally processed foods (20%–23%) and negatively associated with UPF consumption at ages 2–5 y (−24% to −29%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>IDQI predicts intake of select nutrients and UPF consumption among low-income US children aged 2–5 y.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02031978</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as “Feeding My Baby – A National WIC Study,” NCT02031978.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 11","pages":"Article 104483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Formula Supplementation Differs by Maternal Body Mass Index but Does Not Explain Breastfeeding Outcomes in Mothers Who Intend to Exclusively Breastfeed","authors":"Shannon C Conrey ,&nbsp;Laurie Nommsen-Rivers ,&nbsp;Allison R Burrell ,&nbsp;Mary A Staat ,&nbsp;Ardythe L Morrow","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early formula supplementation (EFS, formula on birthdate or day after) is associated with maternal obesity and reduced breastfeeding, but the effect of prenatal breastfeeding intention on these relationships is understudied.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We evaluated how EFS affected breastfeeding outcomes after controlling for obesity, sociodemographic and health factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multivariable regression modeling, stratified by prenatal breastfeeding intention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that EFS may be less disruptive to breastfeeding in mothers with strong intention to meet breastfeeding recommendations, regardless of maternal BMI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 11","pages":"Article 104472"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Vitamin D3 Dosage for Symptoms Associated With COVID-19: A Narrative Review’ [Current Developments in Nutrition 6 (2022) 211]","authors":"Annie Lin,&nbsp;Lillie Luu Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 11","pages":"Article 102124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140468196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Intake and Diet Quality of Female and Male NCAA Division I Cross Country Runners from a Single University","authors":"David E Barney Jr. ,&nbsp;Susan N Cheung ,&nbsp;Aaron R Harris ,&nbsp;Claire E Berryman ,&nbsp;Stephen R Hennigar","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Collegiate student-athletes have unique nutritional requirements to support their athletic performance and health. Few studies have comprehensively characterized the diets of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I student-athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To characterize dietary intake and diet quality during a competitive season in female and male NCAA Division I cross country student-athletes from a single university.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Females and males (<em>n</em> = 14/sex) from the Florida State University cross country teams completed 9-d of food records across their competitive season. Nutrient intakes were compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes for the United States population [e.g., Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs)] and athlete-specific guidelines. Diet quality was assessed according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) using the 2020 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020). Total daily energy expenditure was estimated from training records.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Carbohydrate intakes were below athlete guidelines in 43% of females (<em>mean</em> ± <em>SD</em>, 5.67 ± 1.16 g·kg^–1·d^–1) and 29% of males (4.95 ± 1.05, <em>P sex</em> = 0.096). All participants met or exceeded athlete recommendations for protein (2.09 ± 0.425 g·kg^–1·d^–1, 1.92 ± 0.519, <em>P sex</em> = 0.36) and fat (32.8 ± 5.1% kcal, 34.4 ± 3.4%, <em>P sex</em> = 0.36). No participants met the RDA for vitamin D (5.14 ± 1.78 μg/d, 4.91 ± 3.24, <em>P sex</em> = 0.83). Only 79% of females and 36% of males met the RDA for calcium (1220 ± 307 mg/d, 1010 ± 296, <em>P sex</em> = 0.83). Most females (<em>n</em> = 13) and males (<em>n</em> = 11) consumed iron supplements where total intakes exceeded the tolerable upper intake level (110 ± 60.1 mg/d, 66.8 ± 36.3, <em>P sex</em> = 0.029). HEI-2020 indicated poor adherence to the DGAs, with better diet quality in females (65.3 ± 13.7) than males (50.6 ± 10.1, <em>P sex</em> = 0.0034). Participants failed to meet guidelines for all HEI-2020 food group components except total protein foods. Total daily energy expenditure was greater in males and declined across the competitive season (<em>P sex</em> &lt; 0.0001, <em>P time</em> &lt; 0.0001, <em>P sex∗time</em> = 0.25).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NCAA Division I cross country student-athletes consumed inadequate carbohydrates, calcium, and vitamin D but met or exceeded intake guidelines for protein, fat, and iron. Diet quality was poor; HEI-2020 component scores may indicate food groups to target to improve diet quality and intake of nutrients important to runners.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04079322.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 11","pages":"Article 104475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}