Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Carbohydrate Restriction During Recovery from High-Intensity–Interval Training Enhances Fat Oxidation During Subsequent Exercise and Does Not Compromise Performance When Combined With Caffeine","authors":"Camilla Soegaard,&nbsp;Simon Riis,&nbsp;Jesper Friis Mortensen,&nbsp;Mette Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Carbohydrate restriction can alter substrate utilization and potentially impair endurance performance in female athletes. Caffeine intake may mitigate this performance decrements.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that maximal fat oxidation (MFO) rate would be enhanced in the carbohydrate (CHO) restricted state in trained females. Additionally, the impact of caffeine intake before exercise under conditions of low CHO availability was examined on time-trial performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>By using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 17 female endurance athletes completed 3 experimental blocks. Each block consisted of high-intensity-interval–training (HIT) in the evening, followed by a fat oxidation test to measure MFO rate and a 20-min time trial (20TT) performance the next morning. The females received standardized, isoenergetic diets with different timing of CHO intake: No CHO between exercise sessions without (FASTED) or with 300 mg caffeine (4.1–4.9 mg/kg body mass) (FASTED+CAFF) before morning exercise tests or CHO ingestion after HIT (FED).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MFO rate was higher in FASTED+CAFF (0.57 ± 0.04 g/min) than that in FED (0.50 ± 0.04 g/min, <em>P</em> = 0.039) but not different from FASTED condition. Power output performed during the 20TT was higher after FASTED+CAFF (189 ± 9 W) than that after FASTED (+6.9%, <em>P</em> = 0.022) and FED (+4.2%, <em>P</em> = 0.054).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CHO restriction during recovery from HIT enhances MFO rate during subsequent exercise compared with the condition where CHOs were consumed during the recovery period, but the effect was only significant when CHO restriction was combined with caffeine supplementation before the MFO test. In addition, caffeine ingestion before exercise in the CHO-restricted state compensates for the decreased work capacity associated with the CHO-restricted state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective: Milk and Dairy Provide Affordable High-Quality Protein and Merit Inclusion in the Protein Foods Group","authors":"Adam Drewnowski","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) protein foods group includes meat, poultry, seafood, and several plant-based proteins—but not dairy. Yet milk, yogurt, and cheese provide affordable high-quality protein and multiple priority micronutrients. The present analyses compared dairy with Protein Group foods in terms of protein content and quality, nutrient density, and protein cost, using USDA nutrient composition databases and published national food prices. Protein quality was adjusted using Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Scores (PDCAAS). Nutrient density was assessed using the Nutrient Rich Food Index calculated per 100 kcal and per serving. Affordability was the cost of providing 1-oz equivalent of PDCAAS-corrected high-quality protein. Servings of milk, yogurt, and cheese provided 7 g of protein and were comparable with eggs and beans in terms of protein cost. The MyPlate 1-oz protein equivalency table ought to consider protein quality and ought to include dairy products as sources of dietary protein.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Cancer Survivors’ Diet and Physical Activity Preferences and Barriers: How COVID-19 Changed the Intervention Landscape","authors":"Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Chungyi Chiu ,&nbsp;Helen Hoi Ting Cheung ,&nbsp;Sylvia L Crowder ,&nbsp;Xi Chen ,&nbsp;Linda Trinh ,&nbsp;Anna E Arthur","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Existing studies on breast cancer survivors (BCS) have primarily focused on individual aspects of either diet or exercise preferences and barriers. Our study aims to examine BCS’ perceptions toward diet and exercise combined. Given the transformative impact of COVID-19, there is a crucial need for insights in the post-pandemic era to address the distinct challenges faced by BCS in maintaining their health and well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This exploratory study aims to understand BCS’ preferences for and barriers to diet and exercise to inform future intervention development.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was administered to adults diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ or stage I–IV breast cancer (BC) from 2019 to 2021 regarding interest, preferences, and barriers to participating in diet and exercise interventions. Descriptive analysis compared pre-COVID-19 (pre-C) and during-COVID-19 pandemic (during-C) subsets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 224 participants. Over half expressed interest in a BC research study related to diet and exercise. Most preferred receiving consultations in-person with relevant specialists, education or counseling in one-on-one sections, and information from written materials, in-person, or via technology. Barriers were fatigue, family, and work. One hundred and thirty participants completed the survey pre-C, and 94 during-C. Compared with pre-C, during-C participants preferred visual communication tools for information on nutrition and exercise over in-person methods (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In most categories, the percentage of barriers noted during-C was greater than pre-C.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Participants indicated preference for dual-modal diet and exercise interventions. The pandemic impacted participation preferences and barriers, with shifts toward favoring visual communication tools over in-person services and increasing psychosocial and COVID-related barriers. Hybrid care, combining in-person with technology-based delivery, shows promise in enhancing flexibility and accessibility in nutrition and exercise interventions amid the pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104519"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of High Fat Sugar Salt Products, Labeling Characteristics, and Categories of Foods Sold within In-Store Restricted Areas: A Survey in 3 UK Supermarkets after the 2022 Implementation of the Food (Promotion and Placement) Regulations","authors":"Ella Hurst,&nbsp;Sally G Moore,&nbsp;Lewis W Wallis","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Regulations restricting the promotion of some less-healthy products high in fat, sugar, or salt (HFSS) within “restricted areas” (RAs) of supermarkets came into force in October 2022 in England.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the prevalence of HFSS products and front-of-pack nutrition labeling (FOPNL) characteristics of foods sold within RAs in a sample of supermarket stores.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey of products in RAs in 3 supermarkets was undertaken from November 2022 to February 2023 using photographs, recording the display of FOPNL. Identified via the online supermarket, product nutrition and ingredient data were collected and used to categorize each as either “in” or out-of-scope of the regulations. The UK Nutrient Profiling Model was used to determine product HFSS status and the FOPNL multiple traffic light criteria used to calculate the number of inherent red traffic lights (iRTLs) possessed. Prevalence of HFSS, FOPNL, and iRTLs were calculated as a proportion (%) of total products. Associations between these characteristics were explored using chi-squared tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 86 RAs were identified across the 3 stores, of which 32 displayed 679 food products. Most of these products fell into categories considered out-of-scope of the regulations (64%, <em>n =</em> 435) with prevalence of HFSS at 42% (282 of 435 products). For products within in-scope categories, 17% were HFSS (42 of 245). Half of all included products (53%, <em>n =</em> 357) displayed FOPNL, and 16% possessed 1–3 iRTLs, including both HFSS and non-HFSS items. HFSS products in categories in-scope of the regulations were less likely to display FOPNL compared with non-HFSS products (X² =25, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>After the implementation of The Food (Promotion and Placement) Regulations, foods sold in RAs of 3 supermarkets included those in categories in- and out-of-scope, a variable prevalence of less-healthy (HFSS) products, display of FOPNL, and possession of iRTLs. Findings and approach support future impact evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 104509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11681850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Anemia Prevalence, and Prevention and Control Strategies, in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia Region","authors":"Jacky Knowles ,&nbsp;Tamsin Walters ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Yarparvar ,&nbsp;Rebecca Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anemia is a global public health and nutrition problem. However, data on its prevalence and potential causal factors in the 22 countries of the UNICEF Europe and Central Asia region are not systematically collected, analyzed, and reported, leading to challenges in formulating appropriate preventative strategies. We examined available anemia prevalence data among different population groups through reviewing survey reports from 2010 to 2022; conducted a literature review to explore underlying determinants of anemia including iron deficiency; and collated and reviewed program and policy documentation across the region. Anemia prevalence data for the period 1999–2009 were also researched to examine trends in anemia prevalence in the region over the past 23 y. Nationally representative data for anemia for ≥1 population group since 2010 were found for half the 22 countries, whereas less than a quarter of countries had recent data for iron deficiency. There was a lack of evidence for other factors potentially contributing to anemia in the region. Where information was available, our findings highlight that anemia remained a problem of public health significance among girls and women 15–49 y old and preschool children in all countries with data; anemia was highly associated with iron deficiency; large discrepancies in anemia prevalence existed between geographical regions and subpopulation groups within countries; and only a few countries were implementing the recommended WHO strategies to prevent and control anemia. The paucity of recent, representative, data on anemia in many countries and on the etiology of anemia in most countries remain obstacles to ensuring that effective anemia prevention strategies are placed high on national agendas in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 104477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements on Pubertal Status of 9–13-Year Olds: A Follow-Up Study of the iLiNS-DYAD-Ghana Trial","authors":"Helena Nti ,&nbsp;Seth Adu-Afarwuah ,&nbsp;Brietta M Oaks ,&nbsp;Elizabeth L Prado ,&nbsp;Charles D Arnold ,&nbsp;Paul D. Hastings ,&nbsp;Amanda E Guyer ,&nbsp;Kathryn G Dewey ,&nbsp;Benjamin Amponsah ,&nbsp;Helena J Bentil ,&nbsp;Mavis Osipi Mensah ,&nbsp;Ebenezer Adjetey ,&nbsp;Xiuping Tan ,&nbsp;Lois Maame Donkor Aryee ,&nbsp;Fatimah Bintu Ayete Labi ,&nbsp;Adom Manu","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early and delayed puberty are both associated with adverse health and psychosocial outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We assessed the impact of provision of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement (SQ-LNS) to mothers during pregnancy and 6 mo postpartum and to their children aged 6–18 mo, on pubertal status.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was a follow-up to a partially double-blind randomized controlled trial. At ≤20 wk, 1320 females were randomly assigned to receive daily: iron and folic acid during pregnancy and placebo 0–6 mo postpartum; or multiple micronutrients during pregnancy and 0–6 mo postpartum; or SQ-LNS during pregnancy and 0–6 mo postpartum and to their children from 6 to 18 mo. We re-enrolled 966 and 919 children at 9–11 y and 11–13 y, respectively. We calculated a total pubertal status score based on the Petersen Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) to assess growth spurt, skin changes, body hair, facial hair, voice break, breast development, and menstruation. Pubertal status was regressed on child’s age to generate age-adjusted PDS z-scores (aPDSZ); we performed interaction and mediation analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean ± standard deviation aPDSZ did not differ between the SQ-LNS and non-LNS groups at 9–11 y (0.01 ± 0.95 compared with –0.01 ± 0.98; <em>P</em> = 0.958) but was more advanced in the SQ-LNS group at 11–13 y (0.07 ± 1.04 compared with –0.04 ± 0.98; <em>P</em> = 0.049) in the adjusted model. The effect of SQ-LNS varied by sex (<em>P</em>-interaction = 0.003) and household asset index z-score (<em>P</em>-interaction = 0.002): Puberty was more advanced in the SQ-LNS compared with non-LNS group among females (<em>P</em> = 0.007) but not males (<em>P</em> = 0.877), and within lower (<em>P</em> = 0.002) than average (<em>P</em> = 0.436) and higher (<em>P</em> = 0.332) socioeconomic households.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Provision of SQ-LNS during the first 1000 d of life advanced pubertal status among females.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT00970866 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00970866</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 104458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bread Consumption and Cancer Risk: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies","authors":"Glenn A Gaesser ,&nbsp;Siddhartha S Angadi ,&nbsp;Craig Paterson ,&nbsp;Julie Miller Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because bread can contain potential carcinogens such as acrylamide, and is widely consumed, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether bread consumption is associated with increased cancer risk. PubMed and Medline databases were searched up to 1 March 2024, for studies that provided hazard ratios (HRs) (or similar) for bread consumption and cancer incidence or mortality. Only prospective cohort studies were included. We used the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Meta-analysis was performed with Cochrane’s RevMan 5.4.1 software using a DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochrane’s <em>Q</em> (χ²) and <em>I</em>² statistics, and publication bias was assessed with Egger’s test. Twenty-four publications met inclusion criteria, including 1,887,074 adults, and were included in the systematic review. Ten publications that provided HRs were included in the meta-analysis for highest compared with lowest intakes, and an additional 7 publications that provided mortality or incident rate ratios or relative risks were included in supplemental meta-analyses. Of 108 reported HRs (or similar), 97 (79%) were either not statistically significant (<em>n</em> = 86) or indicated lower cancer risk (<em>n</em> = 11) associated with the highest intakes of bread. The meta-analysis indicated that bread intake was not associated with site-specific cancer risk [HR: 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89, 1.14; <em>P</em> = 0.92; 8 publications] or total cancer mortality (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.11; <em>P</em> = 0.32; 2 publications). Supplemental meta-analyses using all risk estimates in addition to HRs confirmed these findings. Whole-grain bread was associated with a lower site-specific cancer risk, mainly because of reduced colorectal cancer risk. Results of the systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that bread consumption is not associated with increased site-specific cancer risk, whereas high whole-grain/nonwhite bread consumption is associated with lower total cancer mortality and colorectal cancer risk.</div><div>This study was registered at Clinical Trials Registry of PROSPERO as registration number CRD42023414156.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 104501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context-Tailored Food-Based Nutrition Education and Counseling for Pregnant Women to Improve Birth Outcomes: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Malawi","authors":"Penjani Rhoda Kamudoni ,&nbsp;Lillian Kaunda ,&nbsp;Marion Tharrey ,&nbsp;Maggie Mphande ,&nbsp;Shyreen Chithambo ,&nbsp;Elaine Ferguson ,&nbsp;Zumin Shi ,&nbsp;Ibrahimu Mdala ,&nbsp;Kenneth Maleta ,&nbsp;Alister Munthali ,&nbsp;Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen ,&nbsp;Per Ole Iversen","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inadequate maternal dietary intakes remain a public health challenge in low-income countries like Malawi and can cause adverse birth outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To improve maternal dietary intakes and thus reduce the prevalence of adverse birth outcomes in rural Malawi.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a 2-armed (1:1) cluster-randomized controlled trial in Southern Malawi, enrolling pregnant women at gestational age 12–18 wk. Twenty villages (clusters) were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. A nutrition education and counseling (NEC) intervention consisted of education sessions followed by cooking demonstrations and counseling sessions. The women were encouraged to use locally available nutrient-dense foods to enhance dietary adequacy and -diversity. We applied linear programming to identify food combinations that could increase micronutrient intakes. The control group received standard antenatal health education.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 311 women recruited, 187 (60%) completed the trial. We found no significant difference in mean birth weights recorded within 1 or 24 h of birth between the intervention and control groups. Intervention infants had greater birth length (<em>P</em> = 0.043) and abdominal circumference (<em>P</em> = 0.007) compared to controls, whereas other birth outcomes did not differ significantly. Notably, a quantile analysis revealed that the NEC intervention favored birth weight among mothers with a height below the mean height of the participant sample (156 cm) (<em>P</em>-interaction = 0.043).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Tailoring NEC in food-insecure communities did not result in a significant difference in birth weight among infants of the participating mothers, but mean birth length and abdominal circumference were greater in the intervention group compared to controls. We noted that the NEC intervention favored birth weight among mothers with a lower height than the mean sample height. Our results warrant further investigation into offering tailored NEC early in pregnancy and on a larger scale.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT03136393.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 104506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Young Children’s Exposure to Food and Beverage Marketing on Mobile Devices","authors":"Erica L Kenney ,&nbsp;Rebecca S Mozaffarian ,&nbsp;Jasmine Norris ,&nbsp;Frances Fleming-Milici ,&nbsp;Sara N Bleich","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Food and beverage marketing drives poor diet quality and obesity risk among children. However, it is unknown how much young children are exposed to digital food and beverage marketing on mobile devices like tablets and smartphones.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to estimate how frequently young children, who are particularly vulnerable to advertising, view food and beverage marketing while using mobile devices.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventy-five 2–11-y olds and their parents from Massachusetts participated in this cross-sectional study from 2022 to 2023. Average estimated exposure to food and beverage advertisements and food/beverage brand appearances was calculated for 5 consecutive days using a combination of battery screenshots and average estimates of marketing collected from children’s devices. Generalized estimating equations tested for sociodemographic differences in advertising exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Young children’s estimated exposure to food and beverage advertisements and brand appearances on mobile devices was highly variable, with many children seeing none on a given day but a substantial minority viewing large amounts. Estimated exposure depended on how much a child used either YouTube or a gaming app; there was no exposure on other apps used by children. Higher parental educational attainment was associated with substantially reduced risk of a child viewing 2 or more food or beverage advertisements or brand appearances on a given day (adjusted odds ratio = 0.26, 95% confidence interval: 0.10, 0.70).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Certain children, particularly those from households with lower parental educational attainment, may be at risk for high exposure to digital food and beverage marketing, whereas other children may have minimal risk. Future research should explore exposure in more diverse samples with valid, feasible measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 104505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beef Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Lisa M Sanders ,&nbsp;Orsolya M Palacios ,&nbsp;Meredith L Wilcox ,&nbsp;Kevin C Maki","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Results from observational studies suggest associations of red meat intake with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, RCTs have not clearly demonstrated a link between red meat consumption and CVD risk factors. Further, the specific effects of beef, the most consumed red meat in the United States, have not been extensively investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT data evaluating the effects of minimally or unprocessed beef intake on CVD risk factors in adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search of the literature was conducted using PubMed and CENTRAL databases. RCTs in adults that provided diets with fresh or minimally processed beef were included. Data were extracted, and pooled estimates from random-effects models were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs) between the beef intervention and comparator intervention with less or no beef. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty relevant RCTs that met the criteria were included. Beef intake did not impact blood pressure or most lipoprotein-related variables, including total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, non–HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A or B, and VLDL-cholesterol. Beef consumption had a small but significant effect on LDL-cholesterol (0.11; 95% CI: 0.008, 0.20; <em>P</em> = 0.03), corresponding to ∼2.7 mg/dL higher LDL-cholesterol in diets containing more beef than that in low-beef or -o beef comparator diets. Sensitivity analyses show this effect was lost when 1 influential study was removed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Daily unprocessed beef intake do not significantly affect most blood lipids, apolipoproteins, or blood pressures, except for a small increase in LDL-cholesterol compared with diets with less or no beef. Thus, there may be other factors influencing the association of red meat and beef on CVD risk that deserve further investigation.</div><div>This study was registered at INPLASY as 202420013.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 104500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}