Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Report of a Meeting: An Expert Consultation on Body Composition and Adiposity for Children and Adolescents in All Their Diversity","authors":"Lauren E O’Connor ,&nbsp;Lucero Lopez-Perez ,&nbsp;Ricardo X Martinez ,&nbsp;Maureen K Spill ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas ,&nbsp;Amanda J MacFarlane","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We convened experts to discuss methods for measuring body composition and diagnosing obesity among infants, children, and adolescents aged 0–19 y. The motivation for this meeting was to inform critical decisions for a systematic review protocol to assess the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of body mass index (BMI)-for-age and sex for diagnosing infants, children, and adolescents with excessive adiposity that can impair health. Thirty-nine clinicians and researchers from 23 countries provided written responses and/or attended 1 of 2 virtual meetings held in January 2024. Experts were asked to share their perspectives about methods and clinical tests used to measure body composition, including thresholds and adiposity types (i.e., total or central), for diagnosing obesity for infants, children, and adolescents. Experts suggested that deuterium oxide dilution, magnetic resonance imaging, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, hydrostatic weighing, and multicompartmental models were acceptable to measure body composition, with the 4-compartmental model preferred. Waist circumference and bioelectrical impedance were preferred clinical tests to use either alone or in combination with BMI for diagnosing obesity; preferential use was country specific. Most experts preferred fat mass index (fat mass/height²) to % body fat as the metric, because it is more sensitive to changes over time and depends on age and height, similar to BMI. Experts agreed that total and regional adiposity are important for determining metabolic risk related to obesity, but using central adiposity for diagnosing obesity is challenging due to variations in body type. All agreed that age, race, ethnicity, and puberty stage should be considered when defining thresholds of obesity. This input from experts informed the systematic review protocol for an assessment of the DTA of BMI to support the World Health Organization’s guideline development for the integrated management of children and adolescents with obesity in all their diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference in Motives and Basic Health Behavior of 8799 Children and Adolescents Aged 10–19 Years Following a Vegan, Vegetarian, or Omnivorous Diet","authors":"Katharina C Wirnitzer ,&nbsp;Derrick R Tanous ,&nbsp;Clemens Drenowatz ,&nbsp;Gerold Wirnitzer ,&nbsp;Manuel Schätzer ,&nbsp;Gerhard Ruedl ,&nbsp;Werner Kirschner","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Young generations appear to be pushing for more sustainable food production as part of the trend toward healthier dietary habits. Long-term sustainable healthy behavior from secondary school ages may contribute to the life course prevention of chronic, noncommunicable diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study aimed to analyze the motivations and key health behaviors of secondary school pupils following vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous diets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present study was conducted cross-sectionally with a multi-level, cluster sampling strategy. Secondary school pupils (levels I and II) in Austria were requested to complete an online questionnaire independently or with parent/guardian or teacher supervision, including questions on personal characteristics, physical activity levels, nutrition habits, dietary motives, and alcohol and nicotine habits. The statistical analysis was performed with χ² and analysis of variance tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 8799 pupils (3249 boys; 5550 girls) with an mean age of 15.1 <strong>±</strong> 2.3 y were classified into the vegan (1.6%), vegetarian (5.6%), or omnivorous diet (92.8%). Boys were found to be more likely to follow an omnivorous diet (97%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Health was the leading motivation for dietary adherence across the total sample (33.6%; 2959). Sports performance was a leading dietary motivation among the vegan diet subgroup (20.1%). Pupils following a vegan diet were the most active during leisure time (86.6%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and the most consistently active across the week (3.4 ± 1.2 d/wk; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and the prevalence of daily fruit and vegetable intake was the highest between the vegan subgroup (81.7% and 80.3%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) followed by the vegetarian subgroup (72.4% and 84.2%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first investigation to examine the differences in motives and basic health behavior between vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous diets in school pupils. The findings indicate that following a vegan diet during childhood and adolescence is associated with more advantageous basic health behavioral choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Avocado as an Evening Snack to Investigate Whole Food Matrix and Macronutrient Composition on Morning Metabolic Indices in Adults With Prediabetes","authors":"Chelsea Preiss,&nbsp;Olga Marquis,&nbsp;Indika Edirisinghe,&nbsp;Britt M Burton-Freeman","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Evening snacks are consumed by most people. Prior research suggests that macronutrient composition influences next morning metabolic responses and beneficial effects are imparted by low glycemic index foods and/or those that contain fermentable fibers. Avocados are a complex matrix of healthy fats and fibers with low glycemic value. Prediabetes is an early stage of impaired glucose and insulin responses, and a critical period for dietary strategies to improve metabolic health.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess evening snack macronutrient composition and whole food (avocado) matrix on morning metabolic indices in adults with prediabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>n</em> = 55; age: 44 ± 14 years; BMI: 28 ± 6 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 energy-matched (280 kcal) snack interventions in a crossover design: control (low fat, low fiber); avocado, whole (high fat, high fiber); and matrix control (high-fat, high-fiber combined ingredients). Snacks were consumed on 3 separate evenings at the same time (±1 h), followed by 12-h fast and blood collections before and after (3 h) a standard breakfast (720 kcal). Data were analyzed by repeated-measure analysis of variance using the mixed procedure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fasting and postprandial glycemic and inflammatory markers were not different after snack interventions (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). After the avocado snack, fasting triglycerides tended to be lower (<em>P</em> = 0.09), and a snack-by-time interaction (<em>P</em> = 0.02) revealed significantly lower triglyceride concentrations at 3 h.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Snacking on avocados in the evening may have important effects on triglyceride metabolism.</div><div>This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05263011.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet Patterns Featuring Western-Style and Low-Preparation Foods Differentially Relate to Cognitive Function in Early Childhood From the STRONG Kids 2 Birth Cohort Study","authors":"Arden L McMath ,&nbsp;Shelby A Keye ,&nbsp;Jennifer M Barton ,&nbsp;Corinne N Cannavale ,&nbsp;Samantha J Iwinski ,&nbsp;Kelly F Bost ,&nbsp;Sharon M Donovan ,&nbsp;Naiman A Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dietary intake in early life is implicated in cognitive development.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate how diet patterns derived at 2, 3 and 4 y old relate to executive functions and early cognitive and academic skills using data from the longitudinal STRONG Kids 2 cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Behavioral Inventory of Executive Functions Preschool caregiver survey was used to assess executive functions in 2 and 4 y olds. A subsample of children completed a modified Eriksen flanker to measure attentional inhibition, a hearts and flowers switch task to assess cognitive flexibility, and the Woodcock Johnson Early Cognitive and Academic Development tests to assess academic abilities during preschool ages (between 4 and 6 y old). Block Food Frequency Questionnaire items were grouped into 23 food groups, and dietary patterns were derived using principal component and confirmatory factor analyses. Three diet patterns were derived at each age (2, 3, and 4 y old); children were not assigned to a specific diet pattern but, rather, had 3 different diet pattern scores that were used for analyses. Diet pattern scores were used as predictors of executive functions at 2 (<em>n</em> = 217) and 4 y old (<em>n</em> = 250–266), as well as attentional inhibition (<em>n</em> = 53–56) and cognitive flexibility (<em>n</em> = 50–59) tasks and cognitive (<em>n</em> = 65–71) and academic (<em>n</em> = 55–57) scores in preschooler subsample.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Diets with higher intake of processed meats, sweets, and fried foods at 3 y old was related to lower Woodcock Johnson scores (all β ≥ −0.351, false discovery rate–adjusted <em>P</em> value = 0.028), whereas those with higher intakes of grains, nuts/seeds, and condiments at 2 y was related to greater incongruent flanker accuracy (β: 0.380; Δ<em>R</em>² = 0.132; false discovery rate–adjusted <em>P</em> value = 0.030). Diet patterns from 2 to 4 y old were related to academic achievement and attentional inhibition; however, these associations were not independent of diet pattern at time of cognitive assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study emphasizes the potential value of exploring early diet interventions aimed at improving dietary patterns to support cognitive development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition and Aging Biology: Summary of a Research Centers Collaborative Network Workshop and Research Needs","authors":"M Kyla Shea ,&nbsp;S Delanie Lynch ,&nbsp;Tina E Brinkley ,&nbsp;Stephen B Kritchevsky","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global population of older adults increases, identifying strategies that modify biological aging has become an increasing priority for improving health span and lifespan. When coupled with the growing epidemic of overweight and obesity, nutritional strategies have garnered considerable research attention due to their potential to modulate both aging and metabolism at the cellular and molecular levels. Several key nutritional influences are currently being studied for their effects on aging biology, including caloric restriction, protein restriction, time-restricted eating, ketosis, and the gut microbiome. Of particular relevance is the role of dietary interventions in older adults with obesity, which must carefully balance the cardiometabolic benefits of weight loss with the unintended musculoskeletal losses, including muscle and bone mass. To discuss these critical issues, the Research Centers Collaborative Network sponsored a 1.5-d multidisciplinary workshop bringing together basic, clinical, and translational scientists in the fields of nutrition and aging biology. This meeting included sessions on calorie and protein restriction, timing of food intake, the gut microbiome, and obesity treatment for older adults. The agenda and recordings are archived at <span><span>https://www.rccn-aging.org/nutrition-and-aging-biology</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>. In this article, we describe the workshop’s themes and discussions and highlight research gaps that, if filled, will considerably advance our understanding of the role of nutrition in healthy aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Technology and Culture: Smartphone Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Nutrient Intake Estimates in the Adult Population of Trinidad and Tobago","authors":"Lesley Ann Foster-Nicholas ,&nbsp;Patricia Dyett ,&nbsp;Celine Heskey ,&nbsp;David Shavlik ,&nbsp;Gina Siapco","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trinidad and Tobago is home to a multiethnic population, each with distinct dietary traditions. Given this diversity, it is essential to validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that captures the local food items that contribute to the nation’s unique dietary culture.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to assess the reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative FFQ to estimate nutrient intake in the adult population of Trinidad and Tobago.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 139-item semiquantitative electronic food frequency questionnaire (e-FFQ), developed using Google Forms, captured culture-specific foods commonly consumed in Trinidad and Tobago. The self-administered e-FFQ was distributed to 91 participants aged 18 and older, with 2 administrations 3 mo apart. The first administration of the e-FFQ was validated against the weighted mean of 4 food records with digital images as the reference method. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26 to assess validity and reproducibility through paired <em>t</em>-tests, correlations, and cross-classification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants had a mean age of 38 ± 9.6 y, with 22% male and 78% female. Correlations between the e-FFQ and food records ranged from moderate (<em>r</em> = 0.59 for vitamin C) to high (<em>r</em> = 0.83 for carbohydrates). Cross-classification agreements varied from 69% for cholesterol to 89% for fiber and vitamin A. Energy-adjusted correlations averaged <em>r</em> = 0.37, ranging from <em>r</em> = 0.22 for polyunsaturated fatty acids to <em>r</em> = 0.67 for cholesterol. Cross-classification indicated that 61% of e-FFQ estimates were correctly classified within ±1 quintile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The culture-specific e-FFQ demonstrates strong reproducibility and validity, making it a valuable tool for assessing nutrient intake in Trinidad and Tobago’s adult population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 8","pages":"Article 107500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Differences in the Appetite-Regulating Hormone Response to Exercise","authors":"Christoph Höchsmann ,&nbsp;Hyeon Jung Heselton ,&nbsp;Safiya E Beckford ,&nbsp;Jeffrey A French ,&nbsp;Jeffrey R Stevens ,&nbsp;James L Dorling ,&nbsp;Julie B Boron ,&nbsp;Karsten Koehler","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute exercise alters appetite-regulating hormones like peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and ghrelin, suppressing appetite and reducing food intake. The effect of exercise on hunger and satiety has been shown to vary by body composition, sex, and habitual physical activity, but the influence of aging is less understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to examine age-related differences in the effect of acute exercise on appetite-regulating hormones.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants from 2 age cohorts (younger adults, 19–29 y, <em>n</em> = 39; older adults, 65–75 y, <em>n</em> = 29) completed 2 45-min study conditions on separate days in randomized order: <em>1</em>) an exercise bout (60% <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>̇</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O_2peak) on a bicycle ergometer (<em>Exercise</em>), and <em>2</em>) a seated rest period (<em>Rest</em>). Plasma concentrations of PYY 3–36 (PYY3–36), GLP-1, and acylated ghrelin, as well as subjective perceptions of hunger, fullness, thirst, and nausea (via visual analog scales), were measured before a standardized snack (fasted) and before and after a subsequent exercise/rest condition.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>Exercise</em> induced a greater increase in PYY3–36 relative to <em>Rest</em> in younger adults compared to older adults (difference: 26.6 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4, 49.8 pg/mL; <em>P</em> = 0.025). GLP-1 concentrations were consistently greater in older adults independent of the study condition (<em>Exercise/Rest;</em> all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), but the GLP-1 response to exercise did not differ by age group (<em>P</em> = 0.456). Similarly, exercise responses in acylated ghrelin (<em>P</em> = 0.114) and subjective appetite perceptions (all <em>P</em> ≥ 0.288) did not differ between younger adults and older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The present study showed age-related differences in the appetite-regulating hormone response to 45 min of nonfasted, moderate-intensity exercise in PYY3–36 but not GLP-1 or acylated ghrelin. The age-related variations did not translate into differences in subjective hunger or fullness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Mental Health and Child Dietary Diversity in Rural Kenya: Findings From a Pooled Analysis of 2 Baseline Studies","authors":"Md Abul Kalam ,&nbsp;Juliet K. McCann ,&nbsp;Zarmeen Shakil ,&nbsp;Aishat Gambari ,&nbsp;Michael Ochieng ,&nbsp;Joshua Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Most studies linking maternal mental health and child outcomes are from high-income countries and relatively few studies have explored how maternal mental health influences child nutrition in impoverished and rural settings across low-income countries.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the association between maternal mental health and child dietary diversity (CDD) in rural western Kenya.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The analysis pooled baseline data from 2 RCTs of nurturing care interventions in rural western Kenya (clinical trial registrations are clinicaltrials.gov: <span><span>NCT05796934</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> and <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> NCT06165315, respectively). The 2 primary exposure variables were binary indicators for elevated maternal parenting stress and risk of maternal depression, which were self-reported using Parenting Stress Index—Short Form and Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, respectively. The outcome was CDD, assessed using the World Health Organization measure for dietary diversity, which was based on maternal reports of the number of food groups consumed by the child in the past 24 h. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between maternal parenting stress, maternal depression and CDD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analytic sample was 690 mother–child dyads. The mean maternal age was ∼28 y (range: 17–49 y), whereas the mean child age was ∼14 mo (range: 6–25 mo). The mean dietary diversity score was 4.40 of 8 food groups. Approximately 20.14% of mothers had elevated parenting stress, whereas 41% were at risk of depression. The adjusted models showed that elevated maternal parenting stress was associated with lower CDD (β: −0.39, 95% CI: −0.80, 0.02; <em>P</em> = 0.059), whereas the association was not statistically significant between risk of maternal depression and CDD (β: 0.14, 95% CI: −0.14, 0.43; <em>P</em> = 0.323). Multiple sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with CDD. Children of mothers with higher social support, older children (range: 6–25 mo), and female children had higher dietary diversity. Meanwhile children from high food-insecure households had lower dietary diversity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings underscore the importance of integrating psychosocial components within child nutrition programs to address not only maternal mental health but also support the broader caregiving environment for families in low-and-middle-income settings like Kenya. Strengthening caregivers’ social support networks as part of these interventions may also have potential for promoting maternal mental health and children’s nutritional well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spousal Concordance in Overweight and Obesity among Indian Couples: A Nationwide Analysis of Socioeconomic and Dietary Determinants","authors":"Prashant Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Lucky Singh ,&nbsp;Shashi Kala Saroj ,&nbsp;Chandan Kumar ,&nbsp;Shekhar Kashyap ,&nbsp;Shalini Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examines the level and determinants of spousal concordance in overweight/obesity among married couples in India.</div></div><div><h3>Background</h3><div>The rising prevalence of overweight/obesity is a growing public health concern globally. While spousal concordance in obesity is recognized in developed countries, less is known about this phenomenon in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the shared risk factors within couples is crucial for effective intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from 52,737 married couples using the nationally representative National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 (2019–2021). This study used the Asian body mass index (BMI) (in kg/m²) cutoff for overweight/obesity (≥23.0) concordance. Descriptive statistics were used to assess sociodemographic characteristics. The log-binomial regression model was used to estimate the adjusted risk ratio (ARR) of spousal concordance in overweight/obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 27.4% of couples exhibited concordance for overweight or obesity. Concordance was more prevalent among couples belonging to the richest wealth quintile (47.6%), residing in urban areas (38.4%), living in nuclear families (28.9%), sharing similar age (28.8%) or higher (28.9%), or having similar education levels (31.4%). Higher concordance was also associated with couples not engaged in paid work (33.9%) and those who frequently used media (newspapers: 39.6%, television: 32.8%) or consumed nonvegetarian foods weekly—eggs (30.7%), chicken (29.9%). Geographically, the highest concordance was observed in the southern (37.2%) and northern (33.5%) regions, with Kerala, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Delhi, Goa, Tamil Nadu, and Punjab reporting the highest state-level prevalence (≥42%). Multivariable analysis showed significantly increased risk of spousal overweight/obesity concordance among couples in the richest wealth quintile (ARR = 4.311; 95% CI: 3.757, 4.947), urban areas (ARR = 1.085; 95% CI: 1.016, 1.159), other religious groups (ARR = 1.185; 95% CI: 1.089, 1.291). Regular consumption of eggs (14%), fish (25%), chicken (9%), fried foods (6%), and alcohol (98%) were also linked to higher concordance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Spousal concordance in overweight/obesity is strongly influenced by shared socioeconomic status, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary patterns. Couples in urban, affluent, media-exposed, and nonvegetarian households are particularly at risk. Public health strategies should prioritize couple-based interventions, especially among high-risk subgroups, to curb the dual burden of overweight/obesity and associated chronic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 7","pages":"Article 107489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Holder Pasteurization on Macronutrients, Vitamins, Minerals, and Bioactive Factors in Human Milk Processed in a Milk Bank Setting","authors":"Autumn Davis ,&nbsp;Sheridan Lee ,&nbsp;Daniela Hampel ,&nbsp;Setareh Shahab-Ferdows ,&nbsp;Lindsay H Allen ,&nbsp;Lars Bode ,&nbsp;Kimberly Mansen ,&nbsp;Kiersten Israel-Ballard ,&nbsp;Maryanne T Perrin","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Donor human milk is recommended for the nutritionally vulnerable preterm infant; however, there is conflicting or limited information on how the pasteurization techniques used on donor milk influence its nutritional and immune properties. Additionally, prior pasteurization studies were often not reflective of the volume and equipment used in milk bank settings, limiting their generalizability.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Evaluate the impact of Holder pasteurization—performed in a milk bank setting and using standardized preanalytical handling techniques—on the energy, macronutrients, human milk oligosaccharides, vitamins, minerals, and antimicrobial protein content of human milk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty matched pairs of raw and Holder-pasteurized milk samples that were collected and pasteurized in a milk bank setting provided the sampling frame. Each pair was from a unique, approved milk bank donor to the Mothers’ Milk Bank of North Texas. A total of 29 nutrients and bioactive factors were assessed using a variety of analytical methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was evidence of minimal losses (&lt;15%) in copper, calcium, thiamine, and nonprotein nitrogen, moderate losses in immunoglobin A concentrations (35%), and extensive losses in lactoferrin (&gt;80%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Holder pasteurization has minimal to no impact on energy and essential nutrients in donor milk, including macronutrients, human milk oligosaccharides, B vitamins, and minerals. Moderate to extensive loss of antimicrobial proteins warrants research into alternative preservation techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 8","pages":"Article 107490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}