食用白薯和白米对2型糖尿病患者心脏代谢健康指标和代谢综合征特征的比较影响

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107518

Neda S Akhavan , Holly E Clarke , Taylor A Behl , Saiful Singar , Amy P Mullins , Raedeh Basiri , Joshua Kidwell , Bahram H Arjmandi , Claire E Berryman , Robert C Hickner

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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究的目的是比较每天食用白土豆和白米饭对2型糖尿病（T2D）患者心脏代谢健康的影响。目的比较白马铃薯与白米（一种常见的精制谷物）对超重或肥胖和T2D患者血糖控制指标和心血管健康的影响。方法在这项随机交叉研究中，比较对照试验中，24名患有T2D[45-80岁，体重指数（kg/m2） 25-40]的成年人每天食用烤白土豆（100克）或卡路里匹配的白米饭（75克），持续12周，通过2周的清洗来分开，评估血糖控制、血脂、炎症、血压、内皮功能和身体成分在基线（仅包括1次基线访问作为统计分析中的一个变量）、6周和12周。使用线性混合模型评估处理（马铃薯或水稻）、时间（6周或12周）以及所有结果变量的处理时间相互作用。结果两组治疗时间间无显著相互作用（P≤0.05）。有主要影响的治疗(例如,独立的时间)土豆方案导致低腰围(P & lt; 0.0001; 4.5±1.0厘米),脂肪量百分比(P = 0.01; 1.7±0.7%)、腰臀比(P = 0.002, 0.025±0.013)、心率(P = 0.01, 3.1±1.2 bpm),以及更高的无脂质量百分比(P = 0.05; 1.4±0.7%)和最大肱动脉扩张(P = 0.05, 0.074±0.037毫米)相比,水稻方案。在研究期间，β细胞功能的稳态模型评估增加（P = 0.02; 34.3±14.5），高敏感性c反应蛋白（P = 0.02; 0.08±0.05 μg/mL）和血流介导的扩张/剪切（P = 0.03; 4.3 × 10-5±3.79 × 10-5）存在显著的时间点效应（即与治疗无关）。结论：与白米相比，白土豆对血糖指数、血管健康、血脂或血压没有负面影响，并适度改善了身体成分和血管指标。在两组中，随着时间的推移，血流介导的扩张/剪切应力、β细胞功能和高敏c反应蛋白都有所降低。我们的初步结果支持白马铃薯在T2D中作为白米的替代品。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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The Comparative Effects of White Potato and White Rice Consumption on Measures of Cardiometabolic Health in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Features of Metabolic Syndrome

Background

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of daily consumption of white potatoes compared with white rice on cardiometabolic health in individuals with type-2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective

To determine the effects of white potato consumption compared to white rice (a commonly consumed refined grain) on indices of glycemic control and cardiovascular health in individuals with overweight or obesity and T2D.

Methods

In this randomized crossover study, comparative control trial, 24 adults with T2D [45–80 y, body mass index (kg/m²) 25–40] consumed baked white potatoes (100 g) or calorie-matched white rice (75 g) daily for 12 wk, separated by a 2-wk washout, with assessments of glycemic control, lipids, inflammation, blood pressure, endothelial function, and body composition at baseline (only 1 baseline visit included as a covariate in statistical analyses), 6 wk, and 12 wk. A linear mixed model was used to assess treatment (potato or rice), time (6 wk or 12 wk), and the treatment-by-time interaction for all outcome variables.

Results

There were no significant (P ≤ 0.05) treatment-by-time interactions for any outcome. There was a main effect of treatment (i.e., independent of time) with the potato regimen resulting in lower waist circumference (P < 0.0001; 4.5 ± 1.0 cm), percent fat mass (P = 0.01; 1.7 ± 0.7%), waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0.002; 0.025 ± 0.013), heart rate (P = 0.01; 3.1 ± 1.2 bpm), as well as higher percent fat-free mass (P = 0.05; 1.4 ± 0.7%) and maximum brachial artery dilation (P = 0.05; 0.074 ± 0.037 mm) when compared to the rice regimen. There were significant timepoint effects (i.e., independent of treatment) for increased homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (P = 0.02; 34.3 ± 14.5) and decreased high sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = 0.02; 0.08 ± 0.05 μg/mL) and flow-mediated dilation/shear (P = 0.03; 4.3 × 10^–5 ± 3.79 × 10^–5) during the study.

Conclusions

White potatoes did not negatively affect glycemic indices, vascular health, lipids, or blood pressure compared to white rice and modestly improved body composition and vascular measures. In both groups, over time, there were reductions in flow-mediated dilation/shear stress, β cell function, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Our preliminary results support white potatoes as a substitute for white rice in T2D.

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