Clinical and Experimental Dental Research最新文献

{"title":"A Novel Ultrasonic Welding-Assisted Thermoplastic Root Canal Obturation Technique: An Ex Vivo Proof-of-Concept Study.","authors":"Mohammed Alshehri, Chaniotis Antonis, Hadi Alamri, Ahmad AlQahtani, Mohammed Altamimi","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70356","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cre2.70356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of an ultrasonic welding (USW)-assisted thermoplastic obturation technique for improving root canal sealing, void reduction, and lateral canal penetration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three-phase experimental approach was employed: (1) Customized gutta-percha points were developed, optimized to incorporate ultrasonic-responsive thermoplastic obturation cores; (2) in vitro testing was conducted using micro-computed tomography (CT) and infrared thermometry to assess lateral canal flow and thermal safety, respectively; and (3) an ultrasonic generator (28+ kHz), booster, and sonotrode were used to generate the heat required for obturation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with traditional methods, the USW technique demonstrated a mean void reduction of 62% (95% CI: 58%-66%, p < 0.001), significant lateral canal penetration, and maintained temperatures safely below 45°C. No microfractures were observed in the treated teeth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The USW-assisted obturation technique facilitates and enhances root canal obturation, reduces voids, and maintains tooth structural integrity through precise energy application combined with improved flow mechanics.</p>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"e70356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Side-Specific Mastication Prevalence and Its Association With Sex, Anxiety, and Somatic Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Italian University Students.","authors":"Bachar Reda, Luca Contardo, Mariam Hmeidan","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the prevalence of unilateral chewing among Italian university students and investigate its association with sex, anxiety, and somatic symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 1536 students completed a self-administered questionnaire. Prevalence of unilateral chewing behavior, anxiety, and somatic symptoms was described using frequencies and percentages. Anxiety and somatic symptoms were measured using the self-reported Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15). Pearson Chi-square and Cramér's V examined the association between sex and unilateral chewing behavior. Differences in GAD-7 and PHQ-15 scores across unilateral chewing categories were analyzed using ANOVA-based methods with post hoc tests. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to assess the association between unilateral chewing behavior, anxiety, and somatic symptom severity while controlling for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 19% of participants reported unilateral chewing \"most\" or \"all of the time.\" Moderate-to-severe anxiety and somatic symptoms were each reported by 45% of participants, assessed separately. A significant weak to moderate association between sex and unilateral chewing was reported (p < 0.001). Unilateral chewing behavior was significantly associated with total anxiety scores (p < 0.001), with \"all of the time\" chewers having four points higher scores than \"none of the time\" or \"a little of the time,\" and three points higher scores than \"some of the time\" chewers. A significant association (p < 0.001) was also observed between unilateral chewing and PHQ-15 scores, with \"all of the time\" chewers having three points higher scores than \"none of the time\" and two points higher scores than \"a little of the time.\" Ordinal regression analysis confirmed these associations, although the effect sizes were modest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Frequent unilateral chewing behavior is associated with higher levels of anxiety and somatic symptoms. Assessing unilateral chewing may help guide interventions promoting bilateral mastication and mindful eating.</p>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"e70348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation With 976 nm Diode Laser Enhances Osteoblastic Differentiation of Saos-2 Cells Cultured on Collagen Membranes.","authors":"Escobar Lina M, Bendahan Zita, Pinzón Paula, Grajales Marggie, Baldion Paula","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Laser photobiomodulation (PBM) influences cellular proliferation, morphology, and differentiation. Collagen membranes provide a bioactive scaffold that supports osteoblastic behavior; however, the effects of PBM on preosteoblastic Saos-2 cells cultured on these membranes remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PBM on the proliferation, morphology, and differentiation of Saos-2 cells grown on collagen membranes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Saos-2 cells were cultured either on collagen membranes (Jason, Straumann) or directly on plates. Experimental groups included: Control (Saos-2), Saos-2+ Jason, Saos-2+Jason+Laser (976 nm diode), Saos-2+Laser, and Saos-2+Jason+ODM (osteogenic differentiation medium). Cell proliferation was assessed with the resazurin assay on days 2, 5, and 7. Morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified using DCFH-DA, ATP production by luminescence assay, and osteogenic markers (RUNX2 and BMP2) by RT-qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PBM reduced proliferation in Saos-2+Jason+Laser cells (49.5% on day 2) without affecting viability, suggesting differentiation rather than cytotoxicity. SEM revealed increased cell size and membrane blebbing in irradiated membrane cultures, whereas non-irradiated cells showed fewer extensions. PBM significantly upregulated RUNX2 and BMP2 expression on day 7, accompanied by elevated ROS and ATP levels, indicating enhanced metabolic activity and osteogenic induction in the Saos-2+Jason+Laser group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PBM with a 976 nm diode laser induces significant cellular responses in Saos-2 cells, characterized by reduced proliferation and enhanced osteoblastic differentiation, particularly when cultured on collagen membranes. These effects appear to be mediated by elevated ROS and ATP levels and by morphological characteristics consistent with differentiation. The findings highlight the potential of PBM as an adjunctive strategy for bone tissue regeneration and its promising application in regenerative dentistry, especially in combination with biomaterials such as collagen membranes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"e70333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural Strength, Monomer Release, and Wear of Occlusal Splint Materials Fabricated Through Conventional, Milled, or 3D-Printed Methods.","authors":"Nurul Liyana Aminuddin, Haralampos Petridis","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the flexural strength, monomer release, and wear resistance between conventional, milled polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and 3D-printed resins built at 90° and 60° printing angles for occlusal splints.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>60-rectangular and 100-disc specimens were fabricated from heat-cured PMMA (Oracryl [HP], Bracon Dental, United Kingdom), milled PMMA (Kerox Premia [KP], Kerox Dental, Hungary), and 3D-printed resins (FreePrint Splint2.0 [FS], Detax, Ettlingen, Germany, and KeySplint Hard [KS], Keystone Industries, Myerstown, USA) at 90° and 60° printing angles. Specimens for flexural strength and wear tests were immersed immediately in 37°C water for 50 h and thermally aged for 20,000 cycles. Flexural strength was evaluated using a three-point bend test. Wear was tested using a chewing simulator for 140,000 cycles, and volume loss was calculated using Autodesk MeshMixer software. Monomer release was analyzed via UV spectrophotometry over 7 days. Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>KP showed the highest mean flexural strength (115.5 ± 5.3 MPa, p < 0.0001), followed by HP (86.6 ± 10.8 MPa, p < 0.0001), with 3D-printed resin showed the lowest. Meanwhile 90° FS showed greater flexural strength (60.5 ± 3.8 MPa) compared to 60° FS (p < 0.001) and KS (p < 0.01). The difference between 90° and 60° KS were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Monomer release peaked on Day 3 for all groups, with KS consistently showing the highest concentration (29.7 ± 3.6 ppm), followed by FS (28.8 ± 3.8 ppm), HP (27.9 ± 4.9 ppm), and lastly, KP showed the lowest concentration (24.9 ± 3.8 ppm). KP demonstrated the lowest mean volume loss (2.5 ± 1.3 mm³, p < 0.01), followed by HP (4.4 ± 1.7 MPa), whereas 3D-printed resin showed the highest. No significant wear differences were observed between 90° and 60° printing angles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Milled PMMA outperformed other materials, followed by conventional PMMA, while 3D-printed resin showed inferior performance in flexural strength, wear resistance, and monomer release. Printing angles significantly influenced flexural strength but not wear properties in 3D-printed resins.</p>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"e70361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Osteoarthritis Using Cone Beam in Patients at the University of Cuenca.","authors":"Andrea Michelle Astudillo Uchupaille, Iván Andrés Palacios Astudillo, Yulissa Raquel Abad Salinas, Valeria Paulina Romero Rodríguez, Wilson Daniel Bravo Torres","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in patients from the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca during the period 2017-2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted, evaluating 201 computed tomography scans obtained from the Imaging Department of the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca from 2017 to 2023. A total of 402 temporomandibular joints were analyzed for imaging characteristics such as subarticular bone erosion, articular flattening, osteophytes, subchondral cysts, and sclerosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of OA was 31.1%, with 8.5% of male patients and 22.6% of female patients diagnosed. Among the joints analyzed, 27.3% showed osteophytes, 7.4% showed erosion, and 17.4% showed pseudocysts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Less than half of the joints analyzed showed signs of OA, with females being the most affected and ages 18 to 28 years being the most common.</p>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"e70344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Orofacial and Dental Injuries in Rugby: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Marc Chaboussie, Alexandre Baudet","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70315","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cre2.70315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to report the prevalences of orofacial and dental injuries among rugby players and to discuss the prevention of these injuries through mouthguard use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Dentistry & Oral Science Sources (DOSS) databases was performed to identify eligible studies from 1998 to 31^st March 2025. This review was conducted on studies reporting the prevalence or incidence of orofacial or dental injuries among rugby players.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 268 records were screened for eligibility, and 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of orofacial injuries was 40.4% (95% CI: 38.5-42.2) with the higher prevalence (70.2%) in a study of 2010 among male rugby players of 17-18 years. The most common orofacial injuries involve the soft tissues. The overall prevalence of dental injuries was 19.6% (95% CI: 18.1-21.3). A fractured tooth was the most common dental injury. Mouthguards were mainly worn during competition, less during training. The certainty in cumulative evidence was considered to be very low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review highlights a high rate of orofacial and dental injuries in rugby. It is necessary to increase awareness and the use of protective mouthguards to enhance prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"e70315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Prevalence of Peri-Implant Diseases in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study\".","authors":"Luca Sbricoli, Gloria Feltracco, Francesco Cavallin, Dario D'Arienzo, Serena Bergamin, Edoardo Stellini, Eriberto Bressan","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major systemic disease, predisposing patients to inflammatory conditions, and it is considered a grade modifier of periodontitis. However, its association with peri-implant diseases is still under investigation. This study aimed to investigate the possible association between diabetes and peri-implant disease.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Seventy patients (35 with T2DM and 35 non-diabetic) were included, for a total of 227 dental implants in function for at least 1 year. Patient characteristics, implant features, and peri-implant diseases (including peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis) were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of peri-implant diseases was not statistically different between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (80% vs. 77%, p = 0.99). When distinguishing between peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis (51% in diabetic patients vs. 63% in non-diabetic individuals; p = 0.47) and peri-implantitis (51% in diabetic patients vs. 43% in non-diabetic individuals; p = 0.63) did not differ significantly between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings did not suggest different occurrence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Therefore, type 2 diabetes may not play a relevant role in peri-implant diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"e70352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling In Vitro Biofilm-Calculus Formation for Assessing Periodontal Instrumentation and the Forces Applied.","authors":"Gert Jungbauer, Luca Giacobbo, Alexandra Stähli, Anton Sculean, Jürgen Burger, Sigrun Eick, Martin Hofmann","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In vitro models provide valuable insights into treatment options and their effectiveness prior to and alongside clinical evaluation. Such models should be standardized, reproducible, and closely reflect the clinical situation. This study aimed to investigate the removal of subgingival biofilm and calculus by instrumentation, which is vital in the successful treatment of periodontitis. The approach was to (i) develop an in vitro model based on biofilm and calculus formation and (ii) assess it by hand and ultrasonic instrumentation, while (iii) measuring the forces applied in an innovative periodontal defect model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A multi-species mixture consisting of 11 bacterial strains was used to form an initial calculus over 14 days. Inserts carrying human dentin specimens, either with biofilm or with a combination of biofilm and calculus, were placed in a periodontal pocket model equipped with a multi-axis force sensor, followed by treatment with hand or ultrasonic instrumentation. Instrumentation forces were recorded, and the remaining biofilm or biofilm/calculus was analyzed for bacterial colony-forming unit (cfu) counts and calcium levels after instrumentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that the cfu counts and calcium levels in the biofilm/calculus group were higher compared to the respective biofilm controls. Ultrasonic instrumentation was more effective than hand instrumentation in reducing cfu counts in both the biofilm and biofilm/calculus groups. Furthermore, both hand and ultrasonic instrumentation reduced calcium levels in the biofilm/calculus groups. The peak forces Fy in the hand instrumentation groups were significantly higher in both the biofilm and biofilm/calculus groups compared to the respective ultrasonic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The model enabled an initial reproducible calculus formation and evaluation of different instrumentation modalities, including the forces applied. The results favored the ultrasonic instrumentation due to its superior removal of biofilm and calculus and lower lateral forces. The presented biofilm/calculus model offers a new in vitro approach for comparing different instrumentation modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"e70359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dento-Skeletal Effects of the Myofunctional 8-Appliance in Growing Patients.","authors":"Michele d'Attilio, Valeria Pestilli, Franco Pestilli, Giulia Semerari, Giuliano Ascani, Beatrice Femminella, Antonino Peluso","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the dento-skeletal effects of the Myofunctional 8-Appliance (MF8A) in growing patients with transverse dentoalveolar deficits. The primary research question was whether MF8A could guide dental arch growth by supporting tongue function in patients showing transverse deficiencies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted on 18 patients (aged 6-10 years) with mixed dentition. Patients were treated with the MF8A for at least 16 h daily and monitored monthly. Cephalometric radiographs and dental casts were obtained before treatment (T0) and after therapy (T1). Cephalometric analysis assessed skeletal and dental angular/linear changes, while 3D dental cast analysis measured arch dimensions. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cephalometric analysis revealed no significant skeletal changes, except for an increase in the I+/ANS-PNS angle (p = 0.049), suggesting improved upper incisor inclination. Dental cast analysis showed significant transverse expansion in both arches, including increased intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths (p < 0.001). Upper and lower arch depths also increased significantly, whereas lower arch perimeter changes were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MF8A demonstrated effectiveness in producing dentoalveolar expansion, primarily through functional re-education of tongue posture, while exerting minimal skeletal changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"e70368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Cryotherapy During Final Irrigation Reduces Postoperative Pain and Anxiety in Pediatric Primary Molar Root Canal Therapy.","authors":"Ting Zhang, Hui-Hui Wang, Liu-Hui Liu, Qing Wu, Wen-Wei Hong, Gui-Lan Fei, Hai-Feng Tang","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Postoperative pain and dental anxiety are significant barriers to effective pediatric endodontic treatment. Improving patient comfort and cooperation remains a critical clinical objective in school-age children undergoing primary molar root canal therapy (RCTP). Conventional pharmacologic strategies have limitations in acceptability, safety, and efficacy, prompting the exploration of non-invasive alternatives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of modified cryotherapy using 0°C saline as the final irrigation protocol on postoperative pain levels and anxiety control in school-age children undergoing RCTP.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This single-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial enrolled 104 school-age patients diagnosed with pulp or periapical disease in deciduous molars. Patients were randomly allocated to either a modified cryotherapy group or a control group. Pain levels were assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WB Scale) at baseline, 6, 24, 48 h, and 7 days postoperatively. Anxiety and cooperation were evaluated at baseline and 7-day follow-up using the Venham Scale. Statistical analyses included Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, with significance at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. The cryotherapy group showed significantly lower pain scores at 6 h,24 h, and 48 h (p <  0.001) post-treatment compared to controls. At 7 days, pain levels converged with no significant difference. The cryotherapy group also demonstrated significantly improved anxiety scores (p = 0.005) and clinical cooperation (p  = 0.012) at follow-up compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modified cryotherapy applied during final root canal irrigation significantly reduces short-term postoperative pain and enhances clinical cooperation in school-age children.</p>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"e70369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}