Clinical and Experimental Dental Research最新文献

{"title":"Decreased Serum and Salivary Levels of Aquaporin 5 in Oral Lichen Planus","authors":"Farzaneh Agha-Hosseini,&nbsp;Yalda Elham,&nbsp;Iraj Mirzaei-Dizgah,&nbsp;Mahdieh-Sadat Moosavi","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Many OLP patients complain of xerostomia, and studies are still ongoing to find the reason for this manifestation. Aquaporin 5 has been expressed in salivary glands, and its physiological significance in transferring water as transcellular is properly identified. In this study, for the first time, we have investigated the serum and salivary levels of aquaporin 5 (as a salivary gland biomarker) in oral lichen planus patients with xerostomia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty patients with OLP and xerostomia and 30 healthy individuals were chosen. The flow of stimulatory and non-stimulatory saliva was calculated, and the serums, in addition to salivary levels of aquaporin 5, were determined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The level of Aquaporin 5 in serum and its output in stimulatory, and non-stimulatory saliva were significantly decreased, the stimulatory and non-stimulatory saliva flow was reduced, and the degree of xerostomia was significantly higher in the OLP group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aquaporin 5 is implicated in OLP patients in several ways such as impaired salivary functioning, xerostomia or dry mouth, diminished repair ability of the mucosal lesion, increased apoptosis, and probable carcinogenesis in this premalignant lesion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a Metal Artifact Reduction Algorithm in CBCT Images of Teeth With Ceramic Brackets With/Without Coated Archwires: An In Vitro Study","authors":"Parisa Soltani,&nbsp;Mariangela Cernera,&nbsp;Marzie Kachuie,&nbsp;Amirhossein Moaddabi,&nbsp;Mehran Khoramian,&nbsp;Gianrico Spagnuolo,&nbsp;Niccolò Giuseppe Armogida,&nbsp;Carlo Rengo","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of teeth with ceramic brackets with/without coated archwires.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this in vitro study, 10 ceramic brackets were bonded to maxillary anterior teeth from the second premolar of one side to the second premolar of the other side on a dry human skull. CBCT scans (85 kVp, 8 mA, 14.5 s) were taken twice in the presence and absence of coated nickel–titanium (NiTi) archwires. The skull was placed in a water container for soft tissue simulation during scanning. The images were reconstructed with and without the MAR algorithm, and imported to ImageJ software in DICOM format to calculate the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) at 15-, 20-, and 25-mm distances from the tooth center. Data were analyzed by independent <i>t</i>-test, ANOVA, and Bonferroni test (α = 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Application of the MAR algorithm had no significant effect on the CNR in the presence or absence of archwire (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Significant differences were found in the CNR according to tooth type and distance from the tooth center, such that the CNR significantly increased in farther distances (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the results showed that the application of the MAR algorithm had no significant efficacy in improving the quality of CBCT scans of teeth with ceramic brackets with/without coated archwire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zygoma Bone Shell Technique: A Proof-of-Concept Surgical Protocol in Human Cadaver for Bone Reconstruction After Zygomatic Implant Failure","authors":"Agliardi Enrico Luigi,&nbsp;Pozzi Alessandro,&nbsp;Gherlone Enrico","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article aims to present a proof-of-concept surgical technique for immediate reconstruction of zygoma anatomy following implant failure and complications, illustrating the related clinical steps in a cadaver specimen. Zygomatic implants represent a paradigm shift, addressing challenges posed by severe maxillary bone atrophy and partial or complete maxillectomy, not suitable for conventional dental implant placement. Despite documented high survival rates, intra- and postoperative complications can occur and lead to implant failure, resulting in severe defects extended up to entire height of zygomatic bone pyramid. Such defects may infringe immediate or delayed new implant placement, requiring complex surgical procedures to restore integrity of zygomatic bone anatomy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The three-dimensional reconstruction of zygomatic bone defect was achieved by specific form of guided bone regeneration or shell technique, using a thin cortical plate harvested from external oblique line of the mandible. After a meticulous mechanical debridement of bone defect resulting from implant removal, a thin cortical bone block was harvested from the mandibular ramus. The cleared bone defect was filled with autogenous bone chips and thin bone shell was secured above with a bone fixation screw.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Zygoma Bone Shell technique was able to restore contours of zygomatic pyramid ridge. The comparable composition between mandibular and zygomatic bone, particularly in the cortical region allowed an anatomical resemblance that facilitates optimal structural compatibility, fostering seamless integration of bone graft into zygomatic area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within limitations of this proof-of-concept, zygoma bone shell technique may offer a viable surgical procedure for immediate bone reconstruction after zygomatic implant failure. Translating the previously reported clinical outcomes of bone shell technique, it may be used same day of failing implant removal to achieve reconstruction of zygomatic anatomy with limited risk of postoperative complications. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm its predictability, reliability and anticipated benefits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Peri-Implantitis Treatment: A Scoping Review of Breakthroughs in Implantoplasty and Er:YAG Laser Therapies","authors":"Sean Mojaver,&nbsp;Joseph Fiorellini,&nbsp;Hector Sarmiento","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70104","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Peri-implantitis represents a significant challenge in dental implantology, characterized by inflammatory reactions around osseointegrated dental implants that lead to progressive alveolar bone loss.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To generate a scoping review that evaluates the efficacy of implantoplasty and Er:YAG laser therapies in managing peri-implantitis by synthesizing recent evidence on their impact on key clinical parameters—including probing depth reduction, bleeding on probing improvement, and marginal bone level stabilization—and to explore the potential synergistic benefits of combining these modalities for enhanced treatment outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Material and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for studies published from January 2018 to the present. The search strategy combined Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free-text terms with Boolean operators (e.g., “peri-implantitis” AND “implantoplasty” OR “Er:YAG laser”). Eligible studies met the following PICOS criteria: Population—adults diagnosed with peri-implantitis; Intervention— implantoplasty procedures aimed at reducing biofilm retention via mechanical alteration of the implant surface; Comparison—Er:YAG laser treatment for implant decontamination; Outcomes—primary outcomes included changes in probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and marginal bone levels (MBL), while secondary outcomes comprised improvements in soft tissue health and patient-reported outcomes; Study design—randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case–control studies with a minimum follow-up of 6 months and at least 10 patients (or 10 implants) per group.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Out of 649 identified articles, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. In implantoplasty studies, follow-up ranged from 12 to 24 months with groups of 10–20 implants; in Er:YAG laser studies, follow-up ranged from 3 to 12 months with 12–24 patients per group. Both modalities produced significant improvements in PD reduction, BOP reduction, and MBL stabilization. Comparative analysis suggests that while each treatment offers distinct advantages, combining them may further optimize outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Implantoplasty and Er:YAG laser treatments are promising modalities for managing peri-implantitis. Implantoplasty ","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Glass Ionomer Filler Size on Fluoride Release, Antiplaque Properties, and Abrasive Effects of Toothpaste","authors":"Behnaz Vahidi,&nbsp;Homayoon Alaghehmand,&nbsp;Hamed Tashakkorian,&nbsp;Seyedali Seyedmajidi,&nbsp;Maryam Ghasempour","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating glass ionomer fillers of varying sizes on fluoride release, antiplaque properties, and the abrasive effects of toothpaste.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this laboratory study, three toothpaste samples containing glass ionomer filler particles (0.5, 5 µm, and a hybrid combination of equal proportions of both fillers) were tested, along with a base toothpaste without fillers or fluoride and a commercial toothpaste (Colgate Total) as controls. Fluoride release was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode. Antiplaque properties were assessed by evaluating the effect of toothpaste on cultured saliva in tissue culture plates, with optical density measured using an ELISA reader. Abrasive effects were analyzed by changes in enamel thickness of bovine teeth using a three-body wear test. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's tests in SPSS software at a 0.05 significance level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Toothpaste containing 0.5 µm fillers showed the highest fluoride release, whereas the lowest release was associated with 5 µm fillers. All formulations demonstrated antiplaque activity, though differences among filler-containing toothpastes were not statistically significant (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Enamel abrasion differed significantly among the samples (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with the greatest abrasion observed for toothpaste containing 5 µm fillers and the least abrasion observed for 0.5 µm fillers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Incorporating glass ionomer fillers into toothpaste formulations provides fluoride release and antiplaque effects comparable to those of commercial toothpaste. Smaller filler sizes enhance fluoride release and reduce abrasiveness, though filler size does not significantly influence antiplaque efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete Digital Workflow for Evaluation of the Three-Dimensional Monson's Sphere Using Digital Scanning","authors":"Cheng Wen,&nbsp;Huan Huan Wang,&nbsp;Huo Jia Muhetaer,&nbsp;Fan Xie,&nbsp;Rui Han,&nbsp;Jin Cheng Wu","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As a combination of curve of Spee and curve of Wilson, the Monson sphere reflects the arrangement of teeth in three-dimensional (3D) space. For occlusal analysis, the Monson sphere can provide an important reference for prosthetic reconstructions or orthodontic treatments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to generate and investigate the 3-D Monson sphere through a complete digital workflow with intraoral scanning models and custom software.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-four Chinese adults (32 males and 32 females) with individual normal occlusion were recruited, and their intraoral scanning models were obtained using a digital intraoral scanner. Twenty-six landmarks on the scanning models were digitized using a reverse engineering software. Monson's sphere was generated and evaluated by fitting a sphere to the cusp tips using a least-squares method by means of custom software program. Mann–Whitney's <i>U</i> test was performed to test the radius difference of Monson's sphere between males and females. One-sample <i>t</i>-test was used to test the statistical significance (α = 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monson's sphere could be generated by means of digital scanning combined with customed software. The mean radius of Monson's sphere was 77.35 ± 13.38 mm, which was lower than the theoretical value proposed by Monson. Furthermore, there were significant differences between males and females in Monson's sphere radius (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores a new best-fit algorithm for generating 3-D Monson's sphere by complete digital workflow. The radius of Monson's sphere in Chinese adults was lower than the classical value of four-inch proposed by Monson. There was a significant difference between males and females. Monson's sphere value found in this study could be used as a reference for prosthetic reconstruction and orthodontic treatment and be applied to improve dental treatment results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mothers' Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Concerning Their Kindergarten Children's Oral Health: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Dhuha K. Qahtan,&nbsp;Osama M. Felemban,&nbsp;Rana A. Alamoudi,&nbsp;Nada O. Bamashmous,&nbsp;Eman A. El Ashiry,&nbsp;Najlaa M. Alamoudi","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the level of oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among a group of mothers with kindergarten (KG) children aged 3–5 years toward their own and their children's oral health and assess its influence on their children's oral health status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The sample was selected randomly from public and private KGs in Jeddah. Self-administrated questionnaires were distributed to the mothers of KG schoolchildren aged 3–5 years, which contained translated and validated Mothers' Behavior Questionnaire about their own oral health behaviors, Mothers' Attitude Questionnaire about their children's oral health, and Mothers' Knowledge Questionnaire about their children's oral health. The oral health of the KG school children was examined to determine the decayed, missed, and filled index (dmft).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 461 child–mother pairs completed the study. The mean values of dmft were 5.41 ± 4.81. The children's oral health (dental caries) and the mothers' oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior were significantly associated with KG type (public vs. private), mothers' age, mothers' education, and family income. A multiple linear regression model indicated that younger mothers (&lt; 30–40 years), highly educated mothers, high family income, and mothers with higher knowledge scores were significantly associated with lower dmft scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mothers whose children attended private KGs exhibited better oral health-related attitudes, habits, and knowledge. School type, mother's age, mother's education level, and monthly income were factors that strongly impacted the behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge of the mothers. Dental caries was lower among children whose mothers were young, well-educated, from high family income families, and had higher knowledge related to oral health. Implementing targeted educational programs for mothers, particularly those with lower educational attainment and from low-income backgrounds, is essential for enhancing the oral health of children in kindergarten age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postbiotics and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review","authors":"Faezeh Heidari,&nbsp;Artak Heboyan,&nbsp;Dinesh Rokaya,&nbsp;Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes,&nbsp;Mobina Heidari,&nbsp;Morteza Banakar,&nbsp;Muhammad Sohail Zafar","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current evidence regarding the impact of postbiotics on dental caries, focusing on the effectiveness of postbiotic interventions in caries prevention, mechanisms of action, optimal dosages, and administration protocols.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, observational, and in vitro studies. The selection followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A qualitative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-one studies were included (18 in vitro and three randomized controlled trials). Postbiotics derived from various <i>Lactobacillus</i> species demonstrated inhibitory effects on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> growth, biofilm formation, and virulence gene expression. Proposed mechanisms include direct antimicrobial activity, inhibition of bacterial adhesion, disruption of biofilm formation, modulation of immune responses, and pH buffering. After postbiotic interventions, human trials showed reduced salivary <i>S. mutans</i> counts and increased salivary pH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Postbiotics offer a promising novel approach to dental caries prevention by targeting cariogenic bacteria and modulating the oral microbiome through multiple mechanisms. Compared to probiotics, postbiotics present additional advantages, including enhanced safety, stability, and ease of incorporation into oral care products.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: An Umbrella Review","authors":"Vini Mehta,&nbsp;Snehasish Tripathy,&nbsp;Toufiq Noor,&nbsp;Ankita Mathur","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the complexity of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) and their overlapping symptoms with other conditions, an accurate diagnosis necessitates a thorough examination, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. Consequently, innovative diagnostic tools are required to increase TMD diagnosis efficiency and precision. Therefore, the purpose of this umbrella review was to examine the existing evidence about the usefulness of artificial intelligence (AI) in TMD diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive search of the literature was performed from inception to November 30, 2024, in PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. This review evaluated systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) that reported TMD patients/datasets, any AI model as intervention, no treatment, placebo as comparator and accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, or predictive value of AI models as outcome. The extracted data were complemented with narrative synthesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of 1497 search results, this umbrella review included five studies. One of the five articles was an SR while the other four were SRMAs. Three studies focused on patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems as a group, whereas two were specific to temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). The included studies reported the use of imaging datasets as samples, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and panoramic radiography. The studies reported an accuracy level ranging from 0.59 to 1. Four studies reported sensitivity levels ranging from 0.76 to 0.80. Four studies reported specificity values ranging from 0.63 to 0.95 for TMJ conditions. However, only one study provided the area under the curve (AUC) in the diagnosis of TMDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI has the ability to provide faster, more accurate, sensitive, and objective diagnosis of TMJ condition. However, the performance is determined on the AI models and datasets used. Therefore, before implementing AI models in clinical practice, it is essential for researchers to extensively refine and evaluate the AI application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Heparin on Bone Metabolism and Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats","authors":"Behzad Salari,&nbsp;Reza Moradian,&nbsp;Yasaman Kheirandish,&nbsp;Mojgan Alaeddini,&nbsp;Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam,&nbsp;Shahla Maghsoudi,&nbsp;Ahmad Reza Dehpour","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Various attempts have been made to increase the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of heparin on OTM and paraclinical factors related to bone metabolism in rats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Materials</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups of 8 animals each and injected with 0 (control), 3000, and 6000 U/Kg/d heparin sulfate for 4 weeks. Radiographs were obtained at the initiation and at the end of the study period. Orthodontic forces were applied on Day 14 and continued for the next 2 weeks, after which, OTM, optical density, parathyroid hormone (PTH) level, and histologic variables were assessed for each rat. The latter was performed on hematoxylin/eosin–stained sections of the mesial roots of the first molar and included calculation of the osteoclast number, and resorption lacunae depth and number. One-way analysis of variance, the Tukey test, and a paired-<i>t</i>-test were used for statistical analysis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A significant increase in OTM, the number of resorptive lacunae, and PTH secretion was observed in the group that received 6000 U/Kg/d compared with both the other groups. There was no significant difference in optical density, and, therefore, bone density, among the study groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heparin injection affects bone metabolism in rats, as shown by the increases in OTM and PTH and its impact on histologic parameters. These effects seem to be dose-dependent and may be a factor that should be taken into consideration during orthodontic treatment planning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}