Investigation of the Combined Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Bond Strength to Dentin and Fracture Resistance of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement in Primary Molars

IF 2.2 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI:10.1002/cre2.70224

Ali Nozari, Fatemeh Parvizi, Zahra Jowkar, Farnaz Haji Abbas Oghli, Hosein Askari, Seyed Ahmadreza Hamidi

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Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to primary dentin and the fracture resistance of primary molars restored with RMGIC, with and without the incorporation of mesoporous zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs).

Materials and Methods

A total of 100 extracted primary mandibular second molars were divided into two tests: the µSBS test (40 teeth) and the fracture resistance test (60 teeth). The µSBS test included four groups: (1) RMGIC (control), (2) RMGIC + 5 wt.% mesoporous ZnO NPs, (3) RMGIC + 1 wt.% BCNCs, and (4) RMGIC + 5 wt.% mesoporous ZnO NPs and 1 wt.% BCNCs. The fracture resistance test included these groups along with an intact teeth group (positive control) and a prepared but unrestored teeth group (negative control). A universal testing machine was used for all mechanical tests.

Results

The RMGIC + 1 wt.% BCNCs group exhibited the highest µSBS (6.35 ± 1.98 MPa), significantly surpassing the control and other experimental groups (p < 0.001). For fracture resistance, the negative control had the lowest value (422.70 ± 44.50 N, p < 0.05), while the positive control had the highest, significantly outperforming all groups except RMGIC + 1 wt.% BCNCs (p > 0.05). The RMGIC + 1 wt.% BCNCs group (1280.40 ± 340.87 N) demonstrated significantly greater fracture resistance than both RMGIC and RMGIC + 5 wt.% mesoporous ZnO (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Incorporating 1 wt.% BCNCs into RMGIC significantly enhanced both microshear bond strength and fracture resistance, leading to a higher proportion of restorable fractures. The positive correlation between bond strength and fracture resistance suggests that BCNCs-modified RMGIC is a promising restorative material for improving durability in primary molars.

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氧化锌纳米颗粒和细菌纤维素纳米晶体对树脂改性玻璃离聚体水门合剂与牙本质结合强度及抗断裂性能影响的研究

目的：研究树脂改性玻璃离子水门合剂（RMGIC）与初级牙本质的微剪切结合强度（µSBS），以及在添加介孔氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO NPs）和细菌纤维素纳米晶体（BCNCs）和未添加介孔氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO NPs）和细菌纤维素纳米晶体（BCNCs）的情况下，RMGIC修复初级磨牙的抗断裂能力。材料与方法：100颗拔除的下颌第二磨牙分为两组试验：µSBS试验（40牙）和抗折试验（60牙）。µSBS试验包括四组：(1)RMGIC（对照），(2)RMGIC + 5 wt。%介孔ZnO NPs， (3) RMGIC + 1 wt。% BCNCs和(4)RMGIC + 5 wt。%介孔ZnO NPs和1 wt。% BCNCs。抗折试验包括这些组以及完整牙组（阳性对照）和准备但未修复的牙组（阴性对照）。所有的机械试验都使用了万能试验机。结果：RMGIC + 1 wt。% BCNCs组的µSBS最高（6.35±1.98 MPa），显著高于对照组和其他实验组（p 0.05）。RMGIC + 1 wt。% BCNCs组（120.40±340.87 N）的抗骨折性明显高于RMGIC和RMGIC + 5。结论：加入1 wt。BCNCs加入RMGIC后，微剪切结合强度和抗断裂能力均显著增强，可修复骨折比例更高。粘结强度与断裂抗力呈正相关，表明bcncs改性RMGIC是一种很有前途的提高磨牙耐久性的修复材料。

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来源期刊

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

165

审稿时长

26 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical and Experimental Dental Research aims to provide open access peer-reviewed publications of high scientific quality representing original clinical, diagnostic or experimental work within all disciplines and fields of oral medicine and dentistry. The scope of Clinical and Experimental Dental Research comprises original research material on the anatomy, physiology and pathology of oro-facial, oro-pharyngeal and maxillofacial tissues, and functions and dysfunctions within the stomatognathic system, and the epidemiology, aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of diseases and conditions that have an effect on the homeostasis of the mouth, jaws, and closely associated structures, as well as the healing and regeneration and the clinical aspects of replacement of hard and soft tissues with biomaterials, and the rehabilitation of stomatognathic functions. Studies that bring new knowledge on how to advance health on the individual or public health levels, including interactions between oral and general health and ill-health are welcome.