Evaluation of the Structural, Biological, and Bone Induction Properties of Sol–Gel–Derived Lithium-Doped 68S Bioactive Glass—An in Vitro Study on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI:10.1002/cre2.70139

Pejman Janbaz, Faeze Behzadpour, Kiana Ghanadan

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Abstract

Objectives

Calcium silicate–based bioactive glass shows enhanced ion release capabilities and promotes the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA). This study aimed to synthesize a sol–gel–derived 68S bioactive glass (BAG) incorporating lithium (Li) and evaluate its structural, biological, and osteoinductive properties using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Materials and Methods

Two types of 68S BAG were synthesized using the sol–gel method: one containing 5 mol.% lithium nitrate (BGLi5) and a lithium-free control (BG). Structural characterization and HA formation were assessed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) on Days 1, 3, and 7. The dissolution rates of the specimens were evaluated using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and pH analysis. Biological activities were investigated through cell viability (MTT assay), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity, and alizarin red staining to assess mineralization. Additionally, the antimicrobial efficacy of the materials was tested against Streptococcus mutans (SM).

Results

FTIR and FESEM analyses confirmed the formation of HA crystals in BGLi5 specimens by Day 3 and in BG specimens by Day 7. The MTT assay demonstrated enhanced cell viability in both BG and BGLi5 compared to the control group. ALP activity, a marker of cell differentiation, was significantly elevated in the BGLi5-DM group by Day 14. Alizarin red staining on Day 21 revealed a marked increase in mineralization in both BG and BGLi5, with the BGLi5-DM group showing the highest mineralization levels. Furthermore, both BG and BGLi5 demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against SM.

Conclusion

The sol–gel–derived 68S BAG containing 5 mol.% Li is a biocompatible material that enhances cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. The combination of BGLi5 with differentiation-specific culture medium synergistically promotes osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, making it a promising candidate for dental and bone tissue engineering applications.

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溶胶-凝胶法制备掺锂68S生物活性玻璃的结构、生物学和骨诱导性能评价——人牙髓干细胞体外研究

目的硅酸钙基生物活性玻璃具有增强的离子释放能力，促进羟基磷灰石（HA）的形成。本研究旨在合成含锂的68S生物活性玻璃（BAG），并利用人牙髓干细胞（hDPSCs）评价其结构、生物学和骨诱导性能。材料与方法采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了两种类型的68S BAG：一种含有5 mol。%硝酸锂（BGLi5）和无锂控制（BG）。在第1、3和7天浸泡在模拟体液（SBF）前后，使用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）评估结构表征和HA形成。采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）和pH分析对样品的溶出率进行了测定。通过细胞活力（MTT法）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）酶活性和茜素红染色评价矿化程度，研究生物活性。此外，还测试了材料对变形链球菌（SM）的抗菌效果。结果FTIR和FESEM分析证实BGLi5在第3天形成HA晶体，BG在第7天形成HA晶体。与对照组相比，MTT实验显示BG和BGLi5的细胞活力增强。到第14天，BGLi5-DM组的ALP活性（细胞分化的标志）显著升高。第21天茜素红染色显示BG和BGLi5的矿化明显增加，其中BGLi5- dm组矿化水平最高。此外，BG和BGLi5均表现出明显的抗SM活性。结论溶胶-凝胶法制备的68S BAG含有5 mol。锂是一种生物相容性材料，可促进细胞增殖、分化和矿化。BGLi5与分化特异性培养基的结合可协同促进成骨分化和矿化，使其成为牙科和骨组织工程应用的有前景的候选物。

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来源期刊

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

165

审稿时长

26 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical and Experimental Dental Research aims to provide open access peer-reviewed publications of high scientific quality representing original clinical, diagnostic or experimental work within all disciplines and fields of oral medicine and dentistry. The scope of Clinical and Experimental Dental Research comprises original research material on the anatomy, physiology and pathology of oro-facial, oro-pharyngeal and maxillofacial tissues, and functions and dysfunctions within the stomatognathic system, and the epidemiology, aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of diseases and conditions that have an effect on the homeostasis of the mouth, jaws, and closely associated structures, as well as the healing and regeneration and the clinical aspects of replacement of hard and soft tissues with biomaterials, and the rehabilitation of stomatognathic functions. Studies that bring new knowledge on how to advance health on the individual or public health levels, including interactions between oral and general health and ill-health are welcome.