Infectious disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Pediatric Preseptal Cellulitis: A 5-year Retrospective Study in an Iranian Referral Hospital.","authors":"Mahmoud Khodabandeh, Majid Mehrshadian, Narges Maham, Shima Mahmoudi","doi":"10.2174/0118715265356551250731143409","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265356551250731143409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Preseptal cellulitis, the most common periorbital cellulitis manifestation, is more common in children. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of preseptal cellulitis infections in patients admitted to Children's Medical Center, an Iranian referral hospital, between 2015 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The demographic characteristics of patients, symptoms at admission, affected eye (unilateral/ bilateral and right/left), the duration of symptoms and treatment, imaging findings, and the microbial culture were recorded from patient history and medical files.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 5 years, 136 children with preseptal cellulitis, of whom 71 (52.2%) were boys and 65 (47.8%) were girls. The age range of the patients was between 9 days and 15 years, with a mean age of 41.9±39.3 months. All of the children had eyelid swelling and edema upon their initial visit. The most common accompanying symptoms in patients after edema and swelling of the eyelids were fever (41.2%), followed by eye discharge in 30.1%, and tenderness in 19.9% of patients. Ocular involvement was 51.5% in the right eye, 44.9% in the left eye, and 3.7% in both eyes. A CT scan was performed in 58 cases (42.6%), showing preseptal cellulitis in 29 patients (21.3%), followed by ethmoid sinusitis in 14 cases (10.3%). The most commonly used antibiotics, either alone or in combination, were clindamycin (72.8%, n=99), ceftriaxone (54.4%, n=74), vancomycin (27.2%, n=37), metronidazole (23.5%, n=32), and cefotaxime (17.6%, n=24).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Preseptal cellulitis in children presents with a spectrum of symptoms and is frequently associated with risk factors such as sinusitis, odontogenic infections, insect bites, or periocular trauma. Imaging, particularly CT, is essential for evaluating disease severity and identifying complications. One limitation of this study is the occurrence of negative culture results, which could be due to factors such as sample collection, transportation, or possible issues with the culture techniques.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to this study, children with preseptal cellulitis might exhibit a variety of symptoms. The most common risk factors for preseptal cellulitis infection are sinusitis, odontogenic infections, animal or insect bites, and periocular trauma. Patients usually received clindamycin, ceftriaxone, and combination antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265356551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheumatoid Factor and Anti-CCP Titers in COVID-19.","authors":"Mudathir Abdelshafea Abdelkareem Abakar, Mohamed Ibrahim Awadab, Zohair Khalid Ibrahim Elaraki, Mohammed Elsheikh Osman, Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim-Holi, Eltayib Hassan Ahmed-Abakur, Tarig M S Alnour","doi":"10.2174/0118715265361107250829044505","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265361107250829044505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The mechanisms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain not fully elucidated. The present study aimed to trace the presence of autoantibodies among COVID-19 patients and to determine the association between COVID-19 and these antibodies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a cross-sectional, hospital-based study involving 90 participants, who were arranged into three groups: the COVID-19 group, the rheumatoid arthritis group, and the control group. The study population was tested for serum concentration of rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed significant elevations in serum levels of rheumatoid factor (p < 0.000) and anti-CCP (p < 0.000) among the rheumatoid arthritis group. Similar findings of a significant increase in rheumatoid factor (p < 0.000) were observed among the COVID-19 group compared to the control group, while an insignificant increase (p = 0.605) was reported between the Anti-CCP and COVID-19 groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The present study revealed a significant increase in rheumatoid factors among the COVID-19 group compared to the healthy control group. These results suggested that COVID-19 contributes to the development of autoantibodies, which might play a critical role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that the rheumatoid factor plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265361107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteria-Mitochondria Cross-talk: How Microbes Regulate Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics of Host Cells.","authors":"Tasbir Amin, Md Asaduzzaman Shishir, Mohammad Mamun Alam, Mohammad Badrul Anam, Nayeema Bulbul, Jinath Sultana Jime, Md Fakruddin","doi":"10.2174/0118715265362556250717063603","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265362556250717063603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouses and are considered to be central to energy metabolism, dynamics, and homeostasis. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiome regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics (fission, fusion, mitophagy), and bioenergetics, and that it does so by connecting bacterial metabolites and signaling molecules. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms that underlie the interplay between bacteria and mitochondria, with a particular focus on the modulation of mitochondrial activities by microbial products, including bile acids, immunological mediators, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The evolutionary relationship between bacteria and mitochondria is explored, along with the implications of microbial dysbiosis on mitochondrial dysfunction, which is linked to a variety of inflammatory, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, we emphasised the therapeutic potential of focusing on the microbiota to treat illnesses associated with the mitochondria and to restore mitochondrial health. A better understanding of the complex relationship between bacteria and mitochondria can open up new avenues for disease management and novel treatment possibilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265362556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Strains in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs).","authors":"Mehrnoush Afsharipour, Fatemeh Sadat Mir Rashidi, Fatemeh Dehghan, Mehran Nikvarz, Rasoul Raesi, Kiavash Hushmandi, Mohammadreza Naghibi, Salman Daneshi","doi":"10.2174/0118715265365721250908141000","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265365721250908141000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in children and are increasingly complicated by rising rates of antimicrobial resistance. Recent multicenter studies have reported Escherichia coli as the predominant uropathogen in pediatric UTIs, with resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone ranging from 50% to 70%. This study investigates the frequency and antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains isolated from pediatric patients with UTIs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 113 children under 14 years of age with UTIs at Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA) in Jiroft city from 2022 to 2023. The data were collected by referring to the medical records of the hospital and using a checklist from the medical records of the studied patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22) with both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, applying a significance level of <0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated pathogen, responsible for 63.7% of cases, followed by Enterobacter at 19.4%.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Notably, alarming levels of antibiotic resistance were observed, with some strains exhibiting complete (100%) resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin and cefixime. These findings underscore the necessity for continuous surveillance of uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns to guide evidence-based therapeutic decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A comprehensive understanding of regional epidemiological trends is imperative for clinicians to optimize antibiotic stewardship programs and mitigate the escalating public health challenge of multidrug-resistant pathogens in pediatric urinary tract infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265365721"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antimicrobial Effects of Licorice Extract against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> as a Potential Oral Gel against Dental Caries.","authors":"Hemad Iraji Khosrowshahi, Aziz Eftekhari, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj, Paria Motahari, Mohammad Yousef Memar, Emad Iraji Khosrowshahi","doi":"10.2174/0118715265376519250904100855","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265376519250904100855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental caries is a prevalent chronic infectious disease primarily associated with Streptococcus mutans. Natural compounds with antimicrobial properties, such as licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), offer promising alternatives for oral health care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Licorice roots were authenticated by a botanist and processed into an extract. The extract was formulated into an oral gel (100 μg/mL) and sterilized using gamma irradiation. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the gel against S. mutans was determined by the agar dilution method. Sub-MIC concentrations were used in a time-kill assay to assess antibacterial efficacy. A reduction of ≥3 log10 CFU/mL was considered indicative of antibacterial activity. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Tukey's post hoc test (SPSS v25, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MIC of the gel was found to be 1260 μg/mL. Time-kill assays using concentrations of 1.4 and 1.8 μg/mL showed a significant reduction in bacterial count over time, demonstrating effective antibacterial action against S. mutans.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results suggest that even sub-MIC levels of licorice gel can significantly inhibit S. mutans, highlighting its potential for incorporation into preventive or therapeutic oral health products.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Licorice extract gel exhibits promising antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and may be considered a potential natural agent in oral formulations targeting dental caries.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265376519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mini Review on Monkey-Pox: Outbreak, Challenges, and Management Strategies.","authors":"Dipak S Thorat, Yogesh V Ushir, Sudarshan Singh, Pooja V Nagime","doi":"10.2174/0118715265378067250717103733","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265378067250717103733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monkeypox (Mpox) has become a significant global health concern, particularly since 2022. It has spread rapidly to numerous locations, and we urgently need to learn more about it. This overview discusses what Mpox is, how it spreads, its effects on people, and the medications that can be used to assist. Between January 2022 and March 2025, approximately 129,523 people were infected with Mpox in 120 countries. This demonstrates that HPV has progressed from being passed down from animals to being transmitted between people, including through intimate touch, as in some sexual interactions. Scientists discovered significant alterations in the virus that could help it adapt to people. Currently, we do not have many therapy alternatives. However, certain medications, such as tecovirimat and cidofovir, as well as specific vaccines (such as MVA-BN), can aid in recovery. When administered promptly after exposure, the vaccine is extremely effective in protecting people. This review emphasizes the importance of detecting Mpox early, monitoring the virus's evolution, and ensuring that people, particularly those who are more susceptible to illness, are immunized. A One Health strategy, which encompasses the care of humans, animals, and the environment in a unified approach, is crucial to preventing future outbreaks. To keep everyone safe, we must prepare for and strengthen our response to Mpox.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265378067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential and Efficacy of Bioactive Phyto-components from Herbs in the Treatment of Fungal Infections.","authors":"Madhukar Garg, Athrv Arora, Parul Sood, Gagandeep Kaur, Sapna Kumari, Geeta Deswal, Ajmer Singh Grewal","doi":"10.2174/0118715265382866250926023328","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265382866250926023328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fungal infections, despite the protective barrier of the human skin, remain a prevalent issue. These infections are often resistant to synthetic antifungal treatments, which can lead to adverse effects. The objective of this review is to explore the potential of bioactive phyto-components derived from herbs, particularly essential oils, in the treatment and management of fungal infections. The study emphasizes the effectiveness of herbal formulations as a viable alternative to chemical treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive review of existing literature on natural remedies for fungal infections was conducted. The review focused on various bioactive components from natural herbs, especially essential oils, and their antifungal properties. Relevant studies examining the use of these phyto-components in topical formulations, such as creams and ointments, were included. The effectiveness of these treatments was evaluated based on their ability to penetrate the skin and exert antifungal effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several natural herbs were identified as effective in combating fungal infections. Essential oils extracted from these herbs demonstrated significant antifungal activity, particularly when used in topical formulations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These bioactive compounds were found to enhance the absorption of the treatment into the skin, thus improving their efficacy in managing fungal infections. Compared to synthetic antifungal agents, herbal treatments showed promising results with minimal side effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bioactive phyto-components, especially from essential oils of natural herbs, represent a promising alternative for treating fungal infections. They offer several advantages, including improved skin absorption and reduced adverse effects compared to traditional synthetic treatments. Further clinical studies and research are needed to optimize their use and understand their full potential in dermatological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265382866"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145331543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Level of Expression of <i>MUC-1</i> and <i>MUC-4</i> in Human Endometrial Cells Treated with Platelet-rich Plasma <i>In vitro</i>.","authors":"Iraj Amiri, Tayebeh Artimani, Sara Soleimani Asl, Shamim Pilehvari, Muhammad Ibrahim Getso, Omid Raiesi, Samad Hossienzadeh","doi":"10.2174/0118715265370071250730164812","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265370071250730164812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study examined the effect of different concentrations of platelet- rich plasma (PRP) on cell growth and proliferation, and the expression levels of <i>MUC-1</i> and MUC-4 genes in repeated implantation failure (RIF) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight women were included in the study. The control group and the group of patients with RIF were treated with different concentrations of PRP 3%, 5% and 10%. Using the MTT test, cell growth and proliferation were checked at 12, 24, and 48 hours. In order to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of PRP on the expression of <i>MUC-1</i> and <i>MUC-4</i> genes, a real-time PCR test was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cell growth and proliferation of the endometrial cells were significantly increased after treatment with different concentrations of PRP. Based on different doses of PRP, the expression levels of <i>MUC-1</i> and <i>MUC-4</i> genes were significantly increased in both the control group and the RIF patient group. The significant increase in expression levels was observed in all groups treated with 10% PRP doses (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The treatment of endometrial tissue cells with PRP is associated with the increased expression levels of MUC-1 and MUC-4 genes. This reinforces the hypothesis that PRP, through its contents, the growth factors and inflammatory factors, can increase the activity and expression levels of MUC-1 and MUC-4 genes by activating signaling cascades related to growth factors and inflammatory factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PRP in different doses can cause the growth and proliferation of uterine endometrial cells and also increase the expression of MUC-1 and MUC-4 genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265370071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Insights into Shenfu Injection for COVID-19-Induced ARDS: A Combined Analysis of GEO Database, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking.","authors":"Chen Juan, Ding Weichao, Chen Ke, Li Quan, Chen Xingdong, Zhang Zhe, Zhang Liang, Nie Shinan, Wang Mengmeng, Sun Zhaorui","doi":"10.2174/0118715265391729250831063548","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265391729250831063548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe and life-threatening complication of COVID-19, for which no specific antiviral treatment currently exists. Shenfu Injection (SFI), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has shown clinical promise in improving respiratory function and reducing mortality in ARDS patients. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A combined network pharmacology and bioinformatics approach was used to elucidate the potential mechanisms of SFI against COVID-19-induced ARDS. SFI-related targets were identified through multiple public databases, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Gene expression data from GEO datasets (GSE171110 and GSE273149) were used to identify differentially expressed genes in COVID-19-induced ARDS, which were then intersected with SFI targets. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the binding affinities between major active compounds in SFI and core viral proteins, including 3CLpro, RdRp, and ACE2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 398 SFI-associated targets were identified, with key targets including SRC, MAPK1, MAPK3, PIK3R1, and STAT3. Active compounds such as Gomisin B, Deoxyharringtonine, Ginsenoside-Rh4_qt, Suchilactone, and Celabenzine were highlighted. Enrichment analyses identified 2,883 GO terms and 219 KEGG pathways (p < 0.05), primarily involving the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, TNF, NF-κB, and apoptosis signaling pathways. GEO data analysis confirmed the involvement of these pathways in COVID-19-induced ARDS. Molecular docking showed strong binding affinities, particularly between Ginsenoside-Rh4_qt and 3CLpro/ACE2, and Celabenzine with RdRp.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings suggest that SFI exerts therapeutic effects through modulation of key inflammatory and immune pathways and by direct interaction with SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. This multi-target mechanism aligns with the pharmacological characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. However, further experimental validation is required to confirm these computational predictions and assess clinical relevance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides mechanistic insights into how SFI may alleviate COVID-19-induced ARDS via modulation of critical signaling pathways and interaction with viral targets, offering a theoretical foundation for its clinical application in the management of severe COVID-19 cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265391729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Prevalence of 5-nitroimidazole Resistance in <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Fariba Faizi, Younes Mohammadi, Eissa Soleymani, Amir Hossein Maghsood","doi":"10.2174/0118715265376893251016064810","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265376893251016064810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although 5-nitroimidazoles, primarily metronidazole (MTZ), are the primary drugs of choice for trichomoniasis, resistance to metronidazole appears to be increasing. Considering observed differences in drug resistance across various populations, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the global prevalence of 5-nitroimidazole resistance among T. vaginalis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a thorough search of international databases, including Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, SID, Magiran, and Iran-Medex using a variety of relevant keywords and their synonyms. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for the meta-analysis phase. To combine the findings, we employed a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 469 studies initially assessed, 16 were selected for the meta-analysis. Based on a random effect meta-analysis (I² = 94.87 %, p= 0.001), the pooled prevalence rate of resistance to metronidazole was estimated at 14.8% (95% CI: 7.8-26.2%), which was statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results of this study highlight the emergence of resistance to 5-nitroimidazoles, which poses a significant public health challenge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings emphasize the need for further research and the pursuit of new treatment options for resistant strains of T. vaginalis.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265376893"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145440499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}