Infectious disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Detection of <i>Ureaplasma urealyticum</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> in the Seminal Fluid and their Relationship with Semen Quality in Healthy and Infertile Men in Shiraz, Iran (2021-2022).","authors":"Fahimeh Asgari, Mohammad Motamedifar, Amirhossein Akbarpour Arsanjani, Taher Azimi, Shayesteh Mehdinejadiani","doi":"10.2174/0118715265328194250213114956","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265328194250213114956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study aimed to carry out the molecular identification of some bacteria in seminal fluid and investigation of their effects on semen quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research cohort comprised 80 infertile individuals and 80 men with no fertility issues. Evaluation of sperm characteristics adhered to the protocols outlined by the World Health Organization. Detection and verification of pathogens were carried out by PCR.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The prevalence of bacteriospermia in the semen of the infertile group exhibited a noticeable increase compared to the control group (p<0.05). The most abundant species in the semen of infertile men was Ureaplasma urealyticum (7.5%, p<0.05), followed by <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (6.25%, p>0.05). However, Streptococcus agalactiae was not found in any of the abnormal samples. In addition, we showed that Ureaplasma urealyticum significantly affected the motility and morphology parameters. But, the presence of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> in semen samples of men does not lead to abnormal sperm production. Besides, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of volume, but there was a significant difference in morphology, count, and total motility (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bacteriospermia is linked to modifications in the characteristics of seminal fluid, potentially resulting in a reduction in the fertilization capacity of spermatozoa. Furthermore, <i>Ureaplasma urealyticum</i> is correlated with changes in semen properties that could contribute to a decrease in sperm fertilization potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265328194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue Plasminogen Activator for COVID-19-induced Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Zeinab Naderpour, Rasoul Aliannejad, Reza Mollazadeh, Vahid Mehrtash, Seyedeh-Esmat Hosseini, Shahideh Amini, Neda Pak, Tahereh Madani Motlaq, Behzad Khodaei, Bita Jafarzadeh, Reza Habibi, Elham Madreseh, Mohammad Vasei, Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran","doi":"10.2174/0118715265331792241227173642","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265331792241227173642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) in patients with COVID-19-induced severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The intervention group consisted of eligible patients with severe ARDS due to COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university hospital. We selected the control group from admitted patients treated in the same ICU within the same period. The intervention group received intravenous tPA as 10 mg stat, 40 mg over the first 2 hours, and 25-50 mg over the next 10 hours, followed by a therapeutic dose of enoxaparin. The control group only received the therapeutic dose of enoxaparin. The main outcomes were the rise of SpO2 within 24 hours of tPA administration, critical bleeding during tPA administration, 28-day inhospital mortality following admission to the ICU, and length of stay in the ICU.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>We analyzed two sets of 15 patients in the intervention (mean age: 45 years, 73% male) and the control (mean age: 50 years, 53% male) groups. There was a rapid relief of dyspnea and SpO2 rising within 24 hours in seven cases (45%) only in the intervention group with no significant organ-threatening bleeding. Death was observed in 5 of the tPA-treated patients (33.3%) <i>versus</i> 10 (66.7%) of the controls (adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.17 (0.03, 0.98), p value =0.068).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The administration of intravenous tPA as 10 mg stat, 40 mg during 2 hours, and 50 mg during the next 10 hours is safe, can cause a rapid relief of dyspnea, and be lifesaving in COVID-19-induced ARDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265331792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"India's Pink-Eye Mystery: Decoding the 2023 Conjunctivitis Outbreak.","authors":"Tuhin James Paul, Ayushreeya Banga, Ashmeen Kaur, Sonakshi Garg, Amandeep Singh","doi":"10.2174/0118715265291922240625054709","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265291922240625054709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pink eye outbreak in 2023 was caused due to humid weather conditions in most regions of India. The most affected states include Delhi, Gujrat (21% cases), Maharashtra (30%), Himachal Pradesh (4%) and Karnataka (4%). The epidemiological data indicates that males have a high prevalence rate as compared to females; urban areas were most affected, and professionals as well as students were the population group that had the highest prevalence rate. The most common clinical manifestations were the presence of red eye, eye discharge, grittiness, and eyelashes being stuck together. One of the hallmarks of histopathology is a cobblestone formation of flattened nodules with central vascular centers. Conjunctivitis is a virusmediated immune response accompanied by inflammation, which proceeds the immune reaction, giving rise to vasodilation, pseudo membrane formation, and conjunctivital discharge. The gold standard for the diagnosis of Conjunctivitis is the Adenoplus kit using PCR technology; apart from this slit lamp biomicroscope can be used for the evaluation. It is the need of the hour to spread awareness about the Pink Eye disease and the measures to prevent it.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e190724232040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141750163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confronting and Addressing the Presence of Psittacosis in Europe.","authors":"Shivang Saxena, Shubhi Saxena, Nihar Ranjan Sahoo, Amandeep Singh","doi":"10.2174/0118715265322768240807102042","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265322768240807102042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265322768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucormycosis and COVID-19: Unraveling the Interplay of Fungal Infection in a Global Health Crisis: An Overview.","authors":"Ali Moheb-Alian, Ali Akbari, Saghi Nooraei, Howra Bahrulolum, Zoheir Mohammadian Farsani, Negin Mokhtari, Mozhdeh Sadat Ebadi, Arezoo Mohammadian Farsani, Seyedmoein Khatami, Mohammadmahdi Esmaeili, Zahra Keykhaee, Mohammad Hossein Heydargoy, Zahra Rafiei, Gholamreza Ahmadian","doi":"10.2174/0118715265310191240919060621","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265310191240919060621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The healthcare system has been greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in an increase in secondary and co-infections among patients. Factors like pulmonary damage and weakened immune systems make patients more susceptible to fungal infections. Mucormycosis, an opportunistic fungal infection, prospers in environments with limited oxygen, and elevated glucose levels due to conditions such as diabetes and steroid use, as well as in acidic environments from metabolic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis, where it demonstrates heightened germination ability. Recognizing these complications is critical to minimize harm to patients. The insights gained from this review can improve our understanding of how fungal infections develop in connection to COVID-19, leading to better predictive algorithms, tailored care plans, enhanced antifungal treatments, quicker diagnostics, and improved management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265310191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of COVID-19's JN.1 Subvariant Sparks Outbreak in India.","authors":"Diksha, Raj Kamal, OkesanyaOlalekan John, Raj Kumar Narang, Amandeep Singh","doi":"10.2174/0118715265313527240705063308","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265313527240705063308","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e100724231823"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on the Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Neglected Tropical Diseases.","authors":"Medha Dwivedi, Aiswarya Pawar, Mahima Kori, Hitendra Yadav, Manish Dwivedi","doi":"10.2174/0118715265305007240718081727","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265305007240718081727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious disorders known as Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) initially affect the world's underprivileged citizens. They have been disregarded for many years, first as a result of a general indifference to such a developing world and, more recently, as an outcome of the intense attention on AIDS, TB, and malaria. Tropical diseases mostly affect the region where health and hygiene are sacrificed, and most of the population lacks access to sufficient food and living resources. WHO has drafted and released the directions for regulation, prevention, and successful eradication of NTDs as per the revised roadmap of 2021-2030. This shifts from vertical disease programs to integrated cross-cutting methods. In the current work, we have provided comprehensive information on various aspects of neglected tropical diseases, including the clinical management of NTDs. This encompasses the causative agent of the diseases, their symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and epidemiological perspective of major NTDs. This review will shed light on several perspectives of NTDs having influential roles in proposing strategies to control and treat them around the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265305007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Febrile Illness in India: An Epidemiological Retrospective Study.","authors":"Kaushalendra Kumar, Amit Kumar Tripathi, Vikas Kumar Sharma, Sunil Kumar Mishra, Ranjana Patnaik","doi":"10.2174/0118715265315051241017044129","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265315051241017044129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute febrile illness (AFI) is a frequent occurrence in India, often complicated by a multitude of pathogenic and etiological factors. In this context, it is important to analyze the biochemical, hematological, and epidemiological clinical parameters of AFI patients in the North Indian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 1,819 patients of various ages who presented with new-onset acute febrile illness (AFI) between 2017 and 2021. Among these patients, 211, with a median age of 40 years (ranging from 2 to 85 years), were selected for further analysis. At enrollment, clinical examination involved collecting respiratory tract specimens, blood, and urine samples for biochemical analysis, with subsequent data analysis conducted using statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The following biochemical parameters were analyzed: C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and total protein serum. The hematological parameters included total leukocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte count, monocyte count, eosinophil count, red blood cell count (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hematocrit value, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Additionally, clinical parameters such as phosphorus, urea, calcium, sodium, uric acid, bilirubin, and potassium were measured. Specific values observed were: SGPT (~113 IU/L in 2018), SGOT (~81 U/L in 2019), GGT (~148 g/L in 2018), and total protein serum (~7 g/L in 2020). The hematological parameters (TLC, lymphocyte, monocyte, RBCs, PCV, ESR, MCV, and MCH). The regression analysis was conducted to explore the temperature recorded at the time of admission, the duration of hospital stays, and biochemical as well as hematological variables of patients suffering from AFI. Karl-Pearson's correlation coefficient and variance inflation factor for each variable mentioned above.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Biochemical and hematological parameters were analyzed over different years of intake in patients with Acute Febrile Illness (AFI). Further investigation is required to explore the mechanistic pathways of infection, and preventive measures will be implemented using natural products and other therapeutic interventions. Our data will offer the first systematic assessment of the etiological factors, along with regression analysis and the Karl-Pearson correlation coefficient for each variable in AFI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265315051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flavonoids: Potential Novel Inhibitors of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.","authors":"Kakudji Kisimba, Kabange Kasumbwe, Frederick Odun-Ayo, Mbuso Faya","doi":"10.2174/0118715265361578250504110100","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265361578250504110100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health concern and a leading cause of death worldwide. The emergence of drug-resistant TB strains poses a significant threat to public health and is contributing to the growing rate of TB infections globally. Therefore, it is crucial to explore new and safe drugs for TB treatment. Despite significant progress in developing new drugs, many existing treatments and prevention strategies for TB do not achieve the desired positive health outcomes for various reasons. Small-molecule treatments can potentially address drug resistance and provide opportunities for multimodal therapy. This review focuses on recent advancements in understanding the pathogenesis of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and the mechanisms of flavonoids in antimycobacterial properties. Given the urgent need for new antimycobacterial agents to enhance the effectiveness of current drugs, investigating flavonoids as potential candidates is promising. Evidence suggests that specific structural characteristics in flavonoids play a significant role in their antimycobacterial effects, among other pharmacological activities. Flavonoids can act through various mechanisms, such as disrupting bacterial cell membranes or inhibiting the production of essential cellular components like DNA. These findings may prompt further research to enhance our understanding of how flavonoids combat tuberculosis, potentially establishing their importance as key compounds in treating the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265361578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12824868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculous Broncho-Esophageal Fistula in an Adult Male: A Rare Case Managed Conservatively.","authors":"Jitendra Singh, Nilesh Kumar, Abhishek Borkotoky, Kailash Kumar, Sarvesh Verma, Anju Dinkar, Dawesh Prakash Yadav","doi":"10.2174/0118715265371254250519044856","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265371254250519044856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread infectious disease caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. It predominantly affects the lungs but can involve any organ in the body. Tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TEF) is one of the rare extrapulmonary manifestations of TB.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 27-year-old male, otherwise healthy, reported to our outpatient department with complaints of fever, persistent cough, and significant weight loss. Subsequently, he was diagnosed with tuberculous tracheo-oesophageal fistula and pulmonary tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The patient had an elevated ESR (52 mm) and underwent multiple imaging studies, including two normal barium swallow tests. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) revealed two esophageal ulcers, one with a fistulous tract. Biopsy results suggested chronic esophagitis with granulomatous inflammation. Contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the thorax showed esophageal irregularities, air foci, and contrast extravasation into the bronchi, along with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and centrilobular nodules. Clinical and investigative findings suggested pulmonary tuberculosis with a tracheoesophageal fistula. The patient was discharged on a six-month antitubercular regimen with nutritional support via a nasogastric tube. Stent installation was planned if follow-up results were unfavorable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although tuberculosis is highly prevalent in India, TEF of tuberculous origin has been infrequently documented, particularly in young, healthy, immunocompetent individuals. The patient was successfully cured after initiating antitubercular therapy and subsequent follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265371254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}