Infectious disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Estimating the Size of the Hidden Population of COVID-19.","authors":"Esmaeil Mehraeen, Fatemeh Khajeh Akhtaran, Mohammad Reza Faridrohani, Arian Afzalian, Hengameh Mojdeganlou, Zeinab Ghanbari, Yasamin Fathzadeh, Mohadeseh Gholizadeh, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Daniel Hackett","doi":"10.2174/0118715265255039231018113634","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265255039231018113634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>An asymptomatic population has the same infection as symptomatic individuals, so these individuals can unknowingly spread the virus. It is not possible to predict the rate of epidemic growth by considering only the identified isolated or hospitalized population. In this study, we want to estimate the size of the COVID-19 population, based on information derived from patients visiting medical centers. So, individuals who do not receive a formal diagnosis in those medical centers can be considered as hidden.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>To estimate the Bayesian size of the hidden population of COVID-19 a respondentdriven sampling (RDS) method was used. Twenty-three people infected with COVID-19 seeds and who had positive PCR test results were selected as seeds. These participants were asked whether any of their friends and acquaintances who had COVID-19 did not visit a medical center or hid their illness. Access to other patients was gained through friendship and kinship, hence allowing the sampling process to proceed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 23 selected seeds, only 15 seeds remained in the sample and the rest were excluded due to not participating in the further sampling process. After 5 waves, 50 people with COVID-19 who had hidden their disease and were not registered in the official statistics were included in the sample. It was estimated that 12,198 people were infected with COVID-19 in Khalkhal city in 2022. This estimate was much higher than recorded in the official COVID-19 statistics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study findings indicate that the estimated 'true' numbers of COVID-19 patients in one town in Iran were significantly higher compared to the official numbers. The RDS method can help capture the potential size of infections in further pandemics or outbreaks globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e311023222945"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Salmonella Typhi</i>: A Review of Antibiogram Journey in Developing Countries.","authors":"Lipika Singhal, Diljot Sandhu, Varsha Gupta, Ivneet Kour","doi":"10.2174/0118715265255339240102110929","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265255339240102110929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Typhoid fever poses a significant health challenge in low- and middleincome countries (LMiCs), impacting millions of individuals across various age groups. Its prevalence is particularly pronounced in South Asia. Factors contributing to its transmission in South Asia include rapid unplanned urbanization, urban-rural disparities, provision of poor water and sanitation facilities, and open defecation. The mortality rate of typhoid fever is up to 1%, and those who survive have a protracted period of poor health and carry an enormous financial burden. The treatment is further complicated by the emerging antibiotic resistance leaving few treatment options in hands. This issue has become more urgent due to the further emergence of extended drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) typhoid strains, as well as their subsequent global spread. Fluoroquinolone-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> spp. is currently classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a high (Priority 2) pathogen. As a result, establishing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) according to the latest guidelines may prove effective in treating typhoid fever and minimizing the rising threat of drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e230124225976"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139543959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Insight into the Repurposing of Phytoconstituents obtained from Delhi's Aravalli Biodiversity Park as Antifungal Agents.","authors":"Amanpreet Kaur, Kalicharan Sharma, Neetika Sharma, Geeta Aggarwal","doi":"10.2174/0118715265282411240119061441","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265282411240119061441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global prevalence of fungal infections is alarming in both the pre- and post- COVID period. Due to a limited number of antifungal drugs, there are hurdles in treatment strategies for fungal infections due to toxic potential, drug interactions, and the development of fungal resistance. All the antifungal targets (existing and newer) and pipeline molecules showing promise against these targets are reviewed. The objective was to predict or repurpose phyto-based antifungal compounds based on a dual target inhibition approach (Sterol-14-α- demethylase and HSP-90) using a case study. In pursuit of repurposing the phytochemicals as antifungal agents, a team of researchers visited Aravalli Biodiversity Park (ABP), Delhi, India, to collect information on available medicinal plants. From 45 plants, a total of 1149 ligands were collected, and virtual screening was performed using Schrodinger Suite 2016 software to get 83 hits against both the target proteins: Sterol-14-α-demethylase and HSP-90. After analysis of docking results, ligands were selected based on their interaction against both the target proteins and comparison with respective standard ligands (fluconazole and ganetespib). We have selected Isocarthamidin, Quercetin and Boeravinone B based on their docking score and binding interaction against the HSP-90 (Docking Score -9.65, -9.22 and -9.21, respectively) and 14-α-demethylase (Docking Score -9.19, -10.76 and -9.74 respectively). The docking protocol was validated and MM/GBSA studies depicted better stability of selected three ligands (Isocarthamidin, Quercetin, Boeravinone B) complex as compared to standard complex. Further, MD simulation studies were performed using the Desmond (67) software package version 2018-4. All the findings are presented as a case study for the prediction of dual targets for the repurposing of certain phytochemicals as antifungal agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e020224226666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139673984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ochrobactrum Anthropi</i>; an Unusual Cause of Bacteremia and Pneumonia: A Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature.","authors":"Zefr Chao, Anaam Fayyaz, Suresh Antony","doi":"10.2174/0118715265258415231018094653","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265258415231018094653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Background: Ochrobactrum anthropi spp. is a non-enteric, aerobic gram-negative bacillus that has been reported to cause sepsis and occasionally bacteremia in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. This bacterium is capable of surviving in various habitats, but due to its affinity for aqueous environments, <i>O. anthropi</i> is hypothesized to have an affinity for indwelling plastic devices and other foreign bodies. <p> Case Presentation: We report a case of a 66 y/o male with a history of polysubstance abuse disorder admitted for toxic metabolic encephalopathy and found to have bronchopneumonia and bacteremia secondary to <i>O. anthropi</i> infection resulting in sepsis and cardiopulmonary arrest. <p> Discussion: Ochrobactrum spp. is an unusual pathogen of low virulence and has been noted to cause bacteremia and occasionally sepsis in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. Isolation of this pathogen in the appropriate setting should be considered a true pathogen and treated as such to avoid sequela of this infection. <p> Conclusion: This case report and literature review suggest that <i>Ochrobactrum anthropi</i> appears more frequently as a pathogen in nosocomial infections than suggested in the literature.</p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":"24 4","pages":"8-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulbactam-Durlobactam, A Novel Drug for the Treatment of Multidrug Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Infections - A Systematic Review.","authors":"Hemasri Velmurugan, Sajitha Venkatesan, Hadush Negash Meles, Krishnapriya Neelambaram, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju","doi":"10.2174/0118715265276432231217192054","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265276432231217192054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR) has been tested <i>in vitro</i> for its ability to generate resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species. According to prior studies, combining durlobactam with sulbactam causes sulbactam-resistant isolates to become more active and revert to susceptibility. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the <i>in vitro</i> activity of SUL-DUR on A. baumannii (Ab) isolates, including carbapenem-resistant <i>A. baumannii</i> (CRAb), to provide an overview for physicians dealing with Ab infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The following keywords were searched in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases to look for eligible original works that have been published without restrictions till June 30, 2023: A. baumannii and sulbactam-durlobactam, SUL-DUR, durlobactam, and sulbactam-ETX2514. We also searched clinicaltrials.gov and the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) for clinical trials involving sulbactamdurlobactam and <i>Acinetobacter</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were a total of 852 abstracts found. Among them, 633 articles with titles, abstracts, and keywords were reviewed, and 574 articles were removed after the initial screening. A total of 59 full-text eligible articles were evaluated, and 51 of them were eliminated because they did not satisfy the criteria set for inclusion. The full texts of the final 8 in vitro studies on A. baumanii and sulbactam/durlobactam were further evaluated. There were 5 trials on A. baumanii and sulbactam/durlobactam found on clinicaltrials.gov and the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings from the studies show that SUL-DUR might be a successful therapeutic option for multidrug-resistant-Ab infections. Future clinical trials will be required to validate the possibility of using this combination to treat multidrug-resistant <i>A. baumannii</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e220124225835"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139522041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Mycobacterium flavescens</i> Infection - An Unusual Case of Prosthetic Joint Infection.","authors":"Peter Holleb, Srijisnu De, Suresh Antony","doi":"10.2174/0118715265274138231229070757","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265274138231229070757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The onset of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) is characterized by early onset defined as within 90 days of the procedure, delayed onset defined as within 3 to 12 months, and late onset defined as over 12 months. In only a scant number of case reports, Mycobacterium flavescens associated infections are typically found in sputum cultures and associated with various forms of penetrating joint traumas, particularly post-surgical interventions. Due to its rarity in presentation among cases of PJIs, we have presented a case of PJI caused by <i>Mycobacterium flavescens</i>.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We have, herein, reported a case of a 70-year-old male presenting with stabbing left knee pain over the past several months along with accompanying erythema and swelling with the presence of purulent discharge. Outpatient cultures have shown the growth of Mycobacterium flavescent; subsequently, the patient underwent a 2-stage revision arthroplasty and was treated with a three-drug regimen and implant 5 months later. Although being an atypical cause of PJIs, we emphasize the importance of considering NTM as a differential for immunocompromised patients, especially those with prior surgical intervention.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong><i>Mycobacterium</i> spp. related PJIs manifest clinical features similar to other bacteriacausing PJIs, such as warm, indurated edema at the surgical site resulting in wound dehiscence and joint effusion. Diagnosis of Mycobacterium spp. related PJIs includes history and physical examination findings, serum inflammatory markers, synovial fluid analysis, and culture. Concurrently with surgical interventions, utilization of antimicrobial agents provides additional control in Mycobacterium- related PJI. <i>Mycobacterium flavescens</i> should be included among other NTMs as a possible cause of PJIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e170124225744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Over a Decade in the Serotype Prevalence of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Setareh Mamishi, Babak Pourakbari, Abbas Bahador, Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi, Maryam Pourhajibagher","doi":"10.2174/0118715265265907231025111012","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265265907231025111012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is no comprehensive information about the circulating serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Iran in recent years. This study aimed to summarize information about the changes over a decade in the serotype prevalence of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a comprehensive search in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, and the Iranian Database, such as Magiran and SID, from January 2011 to February 2023. The systematic process, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), was carried out by two researchers who were both independent and calibrated. Statistical analyses were carried out using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Identifying and measuring heterogeneity were done using I² and the chi-square test. Finally, Begg's rank correlation test was used in combination with a funnel plot to evaluate any possible publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search returned 16 relevant results, with a total of 1575 isolates. Of those studies, eight studies reported the distribution of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> serotypes among patients, three studies among healthy individuals, and five studies among both groups. As the meta-analysis revealed, the most common serotypes were 23F (n = 299, 14.1% [95% CI: 9.7-19.9]; I² = 84.3%; P<0.001 for heterogeneity), 19F (n = 221, 13.4% [95% CI: 9.9-17.9; I² = 76.7%; P<0.001 for heterogeneity]), and 19A (n = 102, 8.7% [95% CI: 6.5-11.7; I² = 54.3%; P<0.001 for heterogeneity]). Moreover, Begg's test (P = 0.160, 0.173, and 0.176 for 23F, 19F, and 19A, respectively) showed no evidence of publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on our pooled results, the majority of the serotypes of pneumococci in the Iranian population were 23F, 19F, and 19A, respectively, over the last decade. The findings can be valuable in selecting effective pneumococcal vaccine candidates and targeted antibiotics in Iranian patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e031123223116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71490859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Risk of Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in India as a Growing Health Concern.","authors":"Gurisha Garg, Sonakshi Garg, Raj Kamal, Balak Das Kurmi, Amandeep Singh","doi":"10.2174/0118715265281694240223113930","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265281694240223113930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Every year witnesses an outbreak of some or the other zoonotic disease that causes the unparalled loss of human life. The year 2022 presented the outbreak of Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), which brought unprecedented challenges to individuals as well as to the healthcare system all around the world, making it a serious health concern. Rising health concerns have highlighted the importance of managing and decreasing the further transmission of the CCHF virus. CCHF is one of tick-borne viral diseases, which spreads due to various reasons like changes in global warming, environmental influences, and other ecological factors. All these factors somehow impact the disease prevalence. This disease has a negative impact on both humans and livestock. The diverse climate and significant livestock population of India make it susceptible to the prevalence of CCHF. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to develop some strategies in order to tackle the challenges posed by CCHF. This article includes all the cases of CCHF that have occurred in India from the year 2011, along with the fatality rates associated with this disease. Also this study discusses the need to explore some specific drugs for the management and prevention of such diseases. In addition, the pathogenesis of the disease progression, along with some protective measures suggested by the government has been described for prevention of CCHF. Subsequently, this article attempted to draw attention towards the risk that may be posed by CCHF in the coming scenario, emphasizing the importance of taking proactive measures in anticipation of such risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e180324228044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Neuroprotective Strategies using Smart Drug Delivery Systems for Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Javed Khan, Shikha Yadav, Md Aftab Alam","doi":"10.2174/0118715265254985231012065058","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265254985231012065058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurological disorder, affecting more than 50 million individuals worldwide and causing gradual but progressive cognitive decline. The rising cost of medical treatment is mostly attributable to AD. There are now mainly a few slightly symptomatic therapeutic options accessible. Although this is not the primary reason, the failure to develop effective treatments for AD is often attributed to the disease's complicated pathophysiology and the wide range of underlying ideas.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Studies undertaken over the past decade have aimed to find novel methods of overcoming these barriers and effectively delivering drugs to the central nervous system. As a result, nanotechnology provides a promising alternative to the standard means of administering anti-amyloidosis drugs, enhancing expectations for a successful treatment of Alzheimer's disease. These therapeutic implications of using nanoparticle-based approaches for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease are discussed in this paper.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Published articles from PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.org, and the Alzheimer Association reports were carefully examined to compile information on the various strategies for combating AD. That has been studied to summarize the recent advancements and clinical studies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Statistics is the study and manipulation of data, including ways to gather, review, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The biology of the BBB and its processes of penetration must be carefully taken into account while creating DDSs. If we have a better grasp of the disease's mechanism, we might be able to overcome the shortcomings of current treatments for AD. Different DDSs show interesting properties for delivering medication tailored to the brain. This review paper examines the recent applications of DDSs in diverse domains. By selecting the best targeting vectors and optimizing the combination of carriers, multifunctionalized DDS may be produced, and these DDS have a significant impact on AD therapy potential. To develop DDSs with the best therapeutic efficacy and manageable side effects, experts from a variety of fields may need to contribute their efforts. Currently, the therapeutic use of nanotechnology-based DDSs appears to be a promising prospect for AD therapy, and as the pathophysiology of AD is better understood, this strategy will develop over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e231023222565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Murine Malaria Model: Ketoconazole Prevented Malaria while Proguanil and Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine Protected against Malaria-associated Anemia and Kidney Damage.","authors":"Faniran Samuel Olumide, Ayankunle Akeem Ademola, Ojurongbe Olusola, Adekunle Olutoyin Catherine","doi":"10.2174/0118715265239831231017080840","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265239831231017080840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The concern about the global spread of resistant malaria has made the researchers not focus only on the treatment of established infections but relatively more on the prevention of the disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluates the chemopreventive activity of ketoconazole in a murine malarial model.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Five out of seven groups of mice were pretreated for five days with proguanil (PRG), sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine (SP), 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w) of ketoconazole (KET10, KET20, and KET40), before being infected (on the sixth day) with <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>. Two other groups were infected-not-treated (INT) and not-infected-nor-treated (NINT). At 72 hours postinfection, five out of ten mice in each group were sacrificed to assess parasitemia, chemoprevention, hematologic, hepatic, and renal parameters. The remaining mice were observed for 28 days to determine their mean survival day post-infection (SDPI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All ketoconazole groups, except KET10, demonstrated 100% chemoprevention and significantly higher mean SDPI (p<0.001) in relation to INT (negative control). There was no significant difference in the mean SDPI observed in KET20 in relation to PRG or NINT (healthy control). A dose-related increase (p<0.01) in the mean plasma urea was observed when ketoconazole groups were compared to one another: KET10 versus KET20 (p<0.01) and KET20 versus KET40 (p<0.01). Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine demonstrated significantly reduced mean plasma urea (p<0.001) and creatinine (p<0.05) in relation to INT and NINT, respectively. While PRG demonstrated significantly higher mean red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) in relation to INT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ketoconazole possesses prophylactic antimalarial activity with associated dose-related renal impairment. Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine demonstrated renoprotective potentials, while PRG prevented malaria-associated anemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e201023222469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}