Infectious disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Tissue Plasminogen Activator for COVID-19-induced Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Zeinab Naderpour, Rasoul Aliannejad, Vahid Mehrtash, Reza Mollazadeh, Seyedeh-Esmat Hosseini, Shahideh Amini, Neda Pak, Tahereh Madani Motlaq, Behzad Khodaei, Bita Jafarzadeh, Reza Habibi, Elham Madreseh, Mohammad Vasei, Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran","doi":"10.2174/0118715265331792241227173642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265331792241227173642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) in patients with COVID-19-induced severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The intervention group consisted of eligible patients with severe ARDS due to COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university hospital. We selected the control group from admitted patients treated in the same ICU within the same period. The intervention group received intravenous tPA as 10 mg stat, 40 mg over the first 2 hours, and 25-50 mg over the next 10 hours, followed by a therapeutic dose of enoxaparin. The control group only received the therapeutic dose of enoxaparin. The main outcomes were the rise of SpO2 within 24 hours of tPA administration, critical bleeding during tPA administration, 28-day in-hospital mortality following admission to the ICU, and length of stay in the ICU.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed two sets of 15 patients in the intervention (mean age: 45 years, 69% male) and the control (mean age: 50 years, 50% male) groups. There was rapid relief of dyspnea and SpO2 rising within 24 hours in seven cases (45%) only in the intervention group with no significant organ-threatening bleeding. Death was observed in 5 of the tPA-treated patients (33.3%) versus 10 (66.7%) of the controls [adjusted OR (95%CI): 0.17 (0.03, 0.98), P value =0.068].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The administration of intravenous tPA as 10mg stat, 40 mg during 2 hours, and 50mg during the next 10 hours is safe, can cause a rapid relief of dyspnea, and be lifesaving.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinical Multicenter Trial of Recombinant Human Interferon Gamma in Tuberculosis (GAM2022) Experience with the Use of Human Recombinant Interferon Gamma in TB Practice.","authors":"Veronika E Izosimova, Natal'ja A Barmina, Marija P Zharikova, Oleg Ye Alekseyev, Oxana A Ryzhkova, Marat H Sayfulin, Natal'ja A Popova, Mihail A Andreyev, Svetlana G Gagarina, Raisa M Rysdauletova, Natal'ja G Kamaeva, Anastasiya G Samoylova, Marija I Romanova","doi":"10.2174/0118715265329137250102103507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265329137250102103507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this article, we present the results of a multicenter clinical trial of IFN-γ in patients with drug-susceptible and drug-resistant pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) in routine clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to confirm the efficacy and safety of IFN-γ administered to patients with TB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients were diagnosed with TB after being tested by bacterioscopic and molecular genetic methods and had no contraindications to standard chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recombinant human IFN-γ proved high efficacy in multi-center clinical trials in routine TB practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results show that IFN-γ is efficient and safe in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Prediction and Antigenic Analysis of ROP18, MIC4, and SAG1 Proteins to Improve Vaccine Design against <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>: An <i>In silico</i> Approach.","authors":"Tooran Nayeri, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi, Hossein Asgarian-Omran, Abolghasem Ajami, Zahra Hosseininejad, Samira Dodangeh, Ahmad Daryani","doi":"10.2174/0118715265332103240911113422","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265332103240911113422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan infectious disease in warmblooded mammals that poses a serious worldwide threat due to the lack of effective medications and vaccines.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of this study was to design a multi-epitope vaccine using several bioinformatics approaches against the antigens of <i>Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three proteins of <i>T. gondii</i>, including ROP18, MIC4, and SAG1 were analyzed to predict the most dominant B- and T-cell epitopes. Finally, we designed a chimeric immunogen RMS (ROP18, MIC4, and SAG1) using some domains of ROP18 (N377-E546), MIC4 (D302-G471), and SAG1 (T130-L299) linked by rigid linker A (EAAAK) A. Physicochemical properties, secondary and tertiary structure, antigenicity, and allergenicity of RMS were predicted utilizing immunoinformatic tools and servers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RMS protein had 545 amino acids with a molecular weight (MW) of 58,833.46 Da and a theoretical isoelectric point (IP) of 6.47. The secondary structure of RMS protein contained 21.28% alpha-helix, 24.59% extended strand, and 54.13% random coil. In addition, evaluation of antigenicity and allergenicity showed the protein to be an immunogen and nonallergen. The results of the Ramachandran plot indicated that 76.4%, 12.9%, and 10.7% of amino acid residues were incorporated in the favored, allowed, and outlier regions respectively. ΔG of the best-predicted mRNA secondary structure was -593.80 kcal/mol which indicates a stable loop is not formed at the 5' end.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Finally, the accuracy and precision of the <i>in silico</i> analysis must be confirmed by successful heterologous expression and experimental studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265332103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142335944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of the Difficulties Faced by Low and Middle-income Countries in Hygiene and Healthcare Practices.","authors":"Jashan Girdhar, Kapil Shandilya, Munnawar Husaain, Parneet Kaur, Shushank Mahajan, Tarun Singh, Isha Chawla, Meenakshi Dhanawat","doi":"10.2174/0118715265307717240713182628","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265307717240713182628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hygiene has been identified as an important step in anticipating health-related pollution, with conflicting reports about consistent sanitation standards in the nation. This narrative review of published studies has led to the discussion of hand hygiene and health practices, as well as the identification of necessary methods that are available in low and middle-income countries. An effective survey of accessible information is conducted in this way based on review questions. A number of 372 articles were found on the web, and 32 articles were used in the final analysis. Overall, the standard of hand hygiene is set at 20.49%. Difficulties identified for the people in low or middle-income countries are poor awareness and sound information about hand hygiene, lack of resources including water, soap, hand scrubbing gel, etc., as misinterpretations related to hand hygiene practices. People are paying more attention to healthcare-related illnesses as it becomes increasingly clear that most of them may be prevented. The free evidence-based practice states that to lower the danger of contamination, hand hygiene should be properly adhered to. The difficulties recognized in this review are reliable, with the discoveries of studies that have been led somewhere else. By conducting a basic examination of the \"Clean Care is Safer Care\" as an excellent arrangement of WHO's global initiative activity on patient well-being programs, developing nations will have more time to consider the essential approaches for the use of fundamental disease prevention exercises in our health care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265307717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Comparison of Herbal Gels Containing Essential Oils and their Antimicrobial Evaluation.","authors":"Karan Agrawal, Vibha, Yogesh Murti, Migul Agrawal, Mayank Kulshreshtha","doi":"10.2174/0118715265293665240905043446","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265293665240905043446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to formulate and evaluate herbal gels containing essential oils for the treatment of infection caused by microbial species, <i>i.e., S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>B. subtilis</i>. These species are also responsible for acne directly and indirectly.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The gels were prepared using a gelling agent with 1% Carbopol-940, and they were further evaluated for physical appearance, drug content, <i>in-vitro</i> drug release, viscosity, extrudability, pH, and spreadability. Further, anti-microbial screening was done with various microbial species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies revealed that the gel was highly effective against the selected species except for the fungal strain. ZOI was observed ranging from 3.1 ± 0.01 mm to 13.4 ± 0.14 mm. The maximum ZOI was observed at 13.4 ± 0.14 mm against <i>S. aureus</i>. The physical properties of the gel satisfied the standard parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prepared herbal gel was found to have highly promising activity against bacterial species associated with bacterial infection but in a dose-dependent manner. However, more research is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265293665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Threat: Battling the Resurgence of Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE).","authors":"Balram Singh, Rajesh Gour, Akhlesh Kumar Singhai","doi":"10.2174/0118715265323743241009064115","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265323743241009064115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265323743"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Human Monkeypox Virus and Host Immunity: Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges.","authors":"Vijay Singh, Shailendra Dwivedi, Ruchika Agrawal, Sadashiv, Ghizal Fatima, Afroz Abidi","doi":"10.2174/0118715265309361240806064619","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265309361240806064619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the Human Monkeypox Virus (MPV), a contagious virus that causes disease in both vertebrates and insects. It originated in Denmark in 1958 and expanded beyond Africa during the 1970s. The virus was initially detected in the United States in 2003 following the hospitalisation of a toddler who had been bitten by a prairie dog. The article examines the identification of the virus, its categorization into two genetic groups with different levels of harmfulness, and its genetic changes over time due to specific influences. Additionally, it investigates the immunological reaction to MPXV, encompassing both the innate and adaptive systems. This article also addresses the diagnostic difficulties presented by MPXV's resemblance to other orthopoxviruses and the progress made in molecular diagnostics. The paper analyses different therapeutic interventions, such as tecovirimat, an antiviral medication, and JYNNEOS, a vaccine, in terms of their efficacy, potential drawbacks, and the difficulties encountered in managing outbreaks. The future outlook emphasises the necessity of inventive research methodologies, worldwide monitoring, and individualised medical treatments to counteract the dissemination of MPXV and alleviate its consequences on public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265309361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Current Perspective on the Effects of Flavonoids in the Treatment of Acne.","authors":"Shikha Yadav, Pratichi Singh, Javed Khan, Swetanshu Singh","doi":"10.2174/0118715265299763240818161040","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265299763240818161040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, etc., are common types of acne that pop up on the skin each time, whenever dead cells and oils obstruct the outgrowth of hair from the hair follicle. It is very common to observe this condition in teenagers, but regardless of age, if the causing condition is met, acne can occur at any point in life. The characteristic feature of all types of acne is it starts with inflammation of the skin. These inflammatory marks (like black spots, pores, small scars, etc.) leave behind even when acne disappears. Plants like vegetables and flowers are naturally rich in different types of polyphenolic compounds called flavonoids. These flavonoids have various key functions, from guiding cell movement to maintaining oxidative pressure in the body. In this study, we discuss six types of flavonoids that have the potential to be used as medicine for the treatment of different kinds of skin breakouts. Moreover, the result of molecular docking of different proteins that have an association with acne is also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265299763"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Prevalence of Bacterial Infections in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit and Determining their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns.","authors":"Somaye Shiralizadeh, Masoud Azimzadeh, Fariba Keramat, Seyyed Hamid Hashemi, Mohammad Mehdi Majzoobi, Mohammad Reza Arabestani, Farid Azizi Jalilian, Abbas Taher, Salman Khazaei, Mohammad Sina Alikhani, Pezhman Karami, Zahra Rahimi, Zahra Karimi Tabar, Masoud Moghaddam Shakib, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani","doi":"10.2174/0118715265338445241007092436","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265338445241007092436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 patient hospitalization, particularly in intensive care units, exposes them to bacterial and fungi co-infections, which can have very serious consequences, including increased mortality. In addition, antibiotic resistance among pathogens is a hidden threat behind COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the period from 2020 September to 2021 August, bacterial isolates from COVID- 19 patients admitted to the ICU of Sina Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, were collected and identified based on standard biochemical tests. COVID-19 cases were confirmed based on clinical symptoms, computed tomography, and polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 207 bacterial isolates were collected, with Klebsiella pneumoniae accounting for 69 (33.33%) and Acinetobacter baumannii accounting for 59 (28.15%). The frequency and percentage of isolated bacteria were as follows: Alcaligenes species 28 (13.59%), Staphylococcus aureus 18 (8.73%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15 (7.28%), Escherichia coli 11 (5.33%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 3 (1.45%), Enterococcus species 3 (1.45%), and Serratia species 1 (0.48%). About 95.38% resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime and 92.31% resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefepime were found in K. pneumoniae isolates. A. baumannii isolates were 100% resistant to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime. About 22.22% resistance to vancomycin and 66.67% resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, and cefoxitin were seen in S. aureus isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowledge of bacterial co-infections and their antibiotic resistance pattern in COVID-19 patients can help in choosing effective antibiotics for the treatment and prevention of antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265338445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Posaconazole Drug in the Treatment of Invasive Fungal Disease: A Review.","authors":"Sushil Kumar Singh, Shyam Sundar Pancholi","doi":"10.2174/0118715265307531240801091445","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265307531240801091445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posaconazole is an antifungal medication used primarily to treat invasive fungal infections caused by various organisms, such as Aspergillus, Candida, and certain molds. It belongs to the class of drugs known as triazole antifungals. Clinical studies have reported posaconazole to be effective in treating various invasive fungal infections, especially in patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with weakened immune systems due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, undergoing chemotherapy, or having received an organ transplant. It has effectively treated invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis, zygomycosis, and other serious fungal infections. The effectiveness of the drug varies based on factors, such as the type of infection, the patient's immune status, and the site of infection. This review describes the types of infection, the drug's safety profile, the development of resistance to posaconazole, and strategies to manage or prevent resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265307531"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}