Infectious disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the Efficacy of Various Natural Products in Raw Form against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.","authors":"Hamad H Alanazi, Hussain Ali G Aldughmani, Bi Bii Zianab Mazhari","doi":"10.2174/0118715265320631240826073359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265320631240826073359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The alarming increase in antibiotic resistance urges alternative and efficacious antimicrobial solutions. Historically, medicinal plants have been used for therapeutic purposes, such as relieving pain and healing wounds. However, the evaluation of the natural therapeutic effects of medicinal plants in a manner that resembles how humans typically consume them is lacking. Therefore, in this study, many medicinal plants known to have some antimicrobial effects, including Frankincense, Garlic, Myrrh, and Ginger, were evaluated for their direct antibacterial activity in raw form.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The direct antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants was evaluated against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus), Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae using agar well diffusion method and turbidity measurements in suspension culture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of all the tested medicinal plants, only raw garlic (Allium sativum) powder, when dissolved in water or vinegar, offered a straightforward antibacterial activity. A combination of garlic extract and vinegar increased antibacterial activity. Aqueous garlic extracts displayed robust antimicrobial activity against many resistant bacteria. Other medicinal plants used in this study had absent or minimal antibacterial effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Only garlic in its raw form was effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The increase in the antibacterial activity of garlic when combined with vinegar suggests the synergistic activity of garlic. The straightforward antibacterial action of raw garlic may be strategically harnessed to combat the continuous challenge of increasing antibiotic resistance. This work promotes additional testing of more natural products (in raw form) and assesses their therapeutic effects clinically.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Possible Beneficial Effects of Black Seeds (Nigella Sativa) on the Management of \"Disease X\".","authors":"Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen, Rajkapoor Balasubramanian","doi":"10.2174/0118715265304758240821113606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265304758240821113606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A mystery pathogen that has not yet infected the entire world's population is predicted to be the cause of Disease X, which will be contagious. According to WHO scientists, 50 million people are expected to die from Disease X, which would be 20 times deadlier than coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many international initiatives are currently in motion to get ready for future pandemics. These include updating the International Health Regulation and the European Legislation, establishing the Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA), establishing international hubs, taking on the international challenge of developing a vaccine for Disease X within 100 days of recognition of emerging Pathogen X, and updating the prepared-ness plan of National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Our current review's main objective is to determine whether black seeds (Nigella sativa) can manage Disease X. It has been established by several studies that black seeds (N. sativa) have antiviral, antibacterial, antimicro-bial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which would be useful in the management of Disease X. Black seeds (N. sativa) may be utilized in conjunction with supportive care and symptomatic therapy to manage Disease X in early phases. Future random-ized controlled clinical trials would further evaluate the safety and effectiveness of black seeds (N. sativa) in patients with Disease X.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Efficacy of Povidone-Iodine with Mupirocin in Decolo-nizing Staphylococcus aureus from the Nasal Cavity of Healthcare Work-ers: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Sara Abolghasemi, Mona Ghazi, Shadi Ziaie, Arash Mahboubi, Latif Gachkar, Amirreza Keyvanfar, Mohammad Naeimipoor","doi":"10.2174/0118715265301671240910070901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265301671240910070901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus increases the risk of nosocom-ial infections. Therefore, medications that can decolonize this pathogen can help prevent such infec-tions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our study aimed to compare the efficacy of povidone-iodine solution with intranasal mupi-rocin ointment in decolonizing S. aureus from the nasal cavity of healthcare workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted on healthcare workers car-rying S. aureus nasally. After confirming nasal colonization through culture tests, participants were assigned to intervention groups A and B with an allocation ratio of 1:1. Group A received intranasal mupirocin ointment twice daily for five days, while group B received intranasal povidone-iodine so-lution twice daily for five days. After the decolonization period, samples were taken to compare the efficacy of both interventions in decolonizing S. aureus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 54 healthcare workers with a mean age of 39.37±7.80 years were included, 42.6% and 57.4% of whom were male and female, respectively. They were randomly assigned to each of the intervention groups. After the intervention, individuals who received povidone-iodine had significantly more positive cultures than those who received mupirocin (37.0% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.026). Additionally, factors such as age, gender, wards, and employment duration may affect the efficacy of mupirocin and povidone-iodine in decolonizing S. aureus from the nasal cavity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings revealed that both mupirocin and povidone-iodine were effective in decolonizing S. aureus from nasal carriers. However, mupirocin was more effective compared with povidone-iodine.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Bedaquiline-Based Delivery Systems for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment.","authors":"Asad Ahmad, Juber Akhtar, Mohammad Ahmad, Anas Islam, Badruddeen, Mohammad Irfan Khan, Mohsin Vahid Khan, Mohammad Owais","doi":"10.2174/0118715265318306240816104553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265318306240816104553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is one of the most challenging tasks in tuberculosis treatment. Conventional TB treatment regimens have proven ineffective in treating MDR-TB, thus demanding the development of new drugs followed by delivery systems. Bedaquiline, a novel anti-TB drug, has been reported to inhibit the ATP synthase required for the growth and replication of TB bacteria. Bedaquiline is able to target the persistent or latent form of TB, which remains difficult to treat with conventional drugs. This makes bedaquiline an important drug in the fight against MDR-TB. The drug has been approved by the US FDA as well as European Medicines Agency and is now widely used as part of combination therapy for the treatment of MDR-TB. Bedaquiline and its ad-vanced drug delivery system play a key role in tackling MDR-TB, providing a much-needed boost to control and eventually eliminate the disease. However, the cost of the drug remains a concern, and efforts are underway to make bedaquiline more accessible and affordable to patients in resource-limited settings. Nevertheless, the development of bedaquiline nanofor-mulations represents a significant step forward in the fight against TB and offers hope to millions of patients across the globe.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing HIV Management in Prisons: A Decade of Protocol Development, Implementation, and Expansion in Iran (2014-2024).","authors":"SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Ava Pashaei, Esmaeil Mehraeen, Omid Dadras","doi":"10.2174/0118715265303162240822042117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265303162240822042117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Current Perspective on the Effects of Flavonoids in the Treatment of Acne.","authors":"Shikha Yadav, Pratichi Singh, Javed Khan, Swetanshu Singh","doi":"10.2174/0118715265299763240818161040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265299763240818161040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, etc., are common types of acne that pop up on the skin each time, whenever dead cells and oils obstruct the outgrowth of hair from the hair follicle. It is very common to observe this condition in teenagers, but regardless of age, if the causing condition is met, acne can occur at any point in life. The characteristic feature of all types of acne is it starts with inflammation of the skin. These inflammatory marks (like black spots, pores, small scars, etc.) leave behind even when acne disappears. Plants like vegetables and flowers are naturally rich in different types of polyphenolic compounds called flavonoids. These flavonoids have various key functions, from guiding cell movement to maintaining oxidative pressure in the body. In this study, we discuss six types of flavonoids that have the potential to be used as med-icine for the treatment of different kinds of skin breakouts. Moreover, the result of molecular docking of different proteins that have an association with acne is also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Posaconazole Drug in the Treatment of Invasive Fungal Disease: A Review.","authors":"Sushil Kumar Singh, Shyam Sundar Pancholi","doi":"10.2174/0118715265307531240801091445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265307531240801091445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posaconazole is an antifungal medication used primarily to treat invasive fungal in-fections caused by various organisms, such as Aspergillus, Candida, and certain molds. It be-longs to the class of drugs known as triazole antifungals. Clinical studies have reported posaconazole to be effective in treating various invasive fungal infections, especially in patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with weakened immune systems due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, undergoing chemotherapy, or having received an organ transplant. It has ef-fectively treated invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis, zygomycosis, and other serious fungal in-fections. The effectiveness of the drug varies based on factors, such as the type of infection, the patient's immune status, and the site of infection. This review describes the types of infection, the drug's safety profile, the development of resistance to posaconazole, and strategies to man-age or prevent resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review over Mitochondrial Diseases Due to mtDNA Mutations: Recent Advances and Remedial Aspects.","authors":"Alok Bharadwaj","doi":"10.2174/0118715265304029240801092834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265304029240801092834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondria, also called 'powerhouse of the cell', is meant for energy generation in eukaryotic cells. This action is performed by mitochondria through the oxidative phosphor-ylation (OXPHOS) of the respiratory chain (RC). Based on the functioning of the cell, the number of mitochondria varies up to thousands in number. Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and/or nuclear DNA (nDNA) genes may lead to the generation of primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) that affects the structure and function of mitochondria. The di-agnosis of such mitochondrial diseases occurs in early childhood and it can lead to serious, fetal and multi-organ diseases. Understanding epigenetic events and changes in the pathway can help improve the effectiveness of treatment. However, there are several reasons lack of the disease symptoms (age, sign, symptoms, morbidity and lethality), restricted availability of pre-clinical models along with extensive phenotypes that hamper the development of efficient drugs. Despite the introduction of new treatments and the encouraging results of treatments and therapies, there is no effective cure for PMD. This article contains information about the changes associated with cytopathic diseases that make possible the analysis of various diseases by genetic techniques. Increasing our under-standing of how mitochondrial DNA mutations affect mitochondrial metabolism and subse-quently result in neurodegenerative disease will prove vital to the development of targeted therapies and treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142135049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Mechanisms of Polyphenols against Clostridium Difficile: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Mohammad Darvishi, Seyed Mahmoud Reza Hashemi Rafsanjani, Majid Nouri, Saber Abbaszadeh, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Karamali Kasiri, Ghorbanali Rahimian","doi":"10.2174/0118715265313944240726115600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265313944240726115600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clostridium difficile is an opportunistic infection that can lead to antibi-otic-associated diarrhea and toxic megacolon.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review study aimed to investigate polyphenols' antibacterial and anti-toxin properties and their effects on reducing complications related to C. difficile Infections (CDI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guideline 2020. Multiple databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Scopus, were searched thoroughly for existing literature. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the review, 18 articles were included. Data were collected and registered into an Excel file for further investigations and conclusions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Polyphenols by reducing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, increasing inflammatory factor Interleukin 10 (IL-10), reducing Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Tumour Necrosis Fac-tor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor (G-CSF), and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) lev-els, and regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, make the growth and replication conditions of C. difficile more difficult and prevent it from producing toxins. Furthermore, polyphenols can ex-hibit prebiotic properties, promoting the growth of beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species and consequently regulating gut microbiota, exerting antimicrobial activities against C. dif-ficile. They also induce their beneficial effects by inhibiting the production of C. difficile TcdA and TcdB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polyphenols have been reported to inhibit C. difficile growth and toxin production by several mechanisms in preclinical studies. However, more clinical studies are needed to investigate their safety in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142135050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host Risk Factors for Tuberculosis.","authors":"Vahid Asgharzadeh, Seyyed Amin Seyyed Rezaei, Mohammad Asgharzadeh, Jalil Rashedi, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Hossein Jalaei Nobari, Ahmad Ali Khalili, Mortaza Raeisi, Mahdi Asghari Ozma, Behroz Mahdavi Poor","doi":"10.2174/0118715265304343240722190414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265304343240722190414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) spreads through droplets that contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and can infect susceptible people. Due to different risk factors, people have different susceptibility ranges towards TB. The risk factors are classified into three main groups, includ-ing bacterial, environmental, and host factors. Literature review reveals that the most important host risk factors are aging, male gender, genetics, epigenetics, having an impaired immune system, diabetes, malignancy, malnutrition, anemia, and pregnancy. The risk factors contribute to the increase in TB cases through inflammation, increased contact with TB patients, disrup-tion of immune genes, changes in gene expression, increased activity of Mtb, damage to cellu-lar immunity, reactivation of Latent TB Infection (LTBI), increased susceptibility to TB, com-promised immunity, and changes in the proportion of T cell subgroups, respectively. Therefore, identification of the infection source and high-risk people and timely treatment of the patients can reduce TB mortality and help control the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}