Infectious disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Standardization of In vitro Method of Biofilm Formation by Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Elucidating Its Biofilm-Specific Proteins Through LC-Orbitrap HRMS-Based Peptidomics.","authors":"Zinnu Rain, Ashish Kumar Singh, Shabnam Kumari, Deepak Kumar, Ganesh Kumar Maurya, Rajneesh Kumar, Pradyot Prakash","doi":"10.2174/0118715265435468260425130003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265435468260425130003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms drive chronic infections, yet heterogeneous matrix composition hinders standardized in vitro classification of clinical isolates. This study aimed to develop a reproducible biofilm formation protocol using a defined supplement mix and elucidate proteomic signatures across biofilm categories to enable risk stratification and targeted therapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>139 clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were tested in BHI broth supplemented with 0.5% each glucose, mannose, NaCl, and arginine. Biofilm formation was quantified via TCP assay (ODcut=0.344 at 570 nm), validated by confocal (ConA-TRITC), SEM, protein/eDNA quantification (Bradford, phenol-chloroform), SDS-PAGE, and LC-Orbitrap HRMS peptidomics (549 proteins; PRIDE PXD057726). Antimicrobial susceptibility followed CLSI guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplement mix increased biofilm OD 26.9% (1.28±0.12 vs. 0.95±0.13; P<0.001), reclassifying isolates: HBF 38.8% (n=54), MBF 46.0% (n=64), WBF 13.7% (n=19), NBF 1.4% (n=2), resistance: ceftazidime 43.9%, meropenem 43.2%, imipenem 33.1%; 12.9% MDR. HBF matrices showed the highest protein levels (1.38±0.37 mg/mL); peptidomics revealed 12 shared proteins, 26 in PAO1/HBF/MBF, and 16 HBF-unique (ribosomal RpsA-RpsQ/RplA-RplY; stress YidC/KatA/ClpB/DnaJ; metabolic Edd/Pgk/PckA/ArcA).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Distinct signatures indicate anoxic adaptations (HupB, AtpA-G) that drive HBF robustness, linking matrix heterogeneity(GeNei, India) to infection persistence beyond mere polysaccharide dominance. HBF matrices exhibited anoxic adaptation (HupB, AtpA-G), with YidC insertase facilitating membrane protein biogenesis under stress, supporting metabolic speciation for biofilm-specific diagnostics, therapies, and isolate risk stratification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This protocol enables biofilm categorization and reveals metabolic speciation targets for diagnostics and therapies against MDR P. aeruginosa biofilms.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Drug Addiction: Evidence from a Case-Control Study.","authors":"Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Nastaran Khaleghpour, Tooran Nayeri Chegeni, Elahe Allahyari, Elham Kialashaki, Seyedeh Zahra Hashemi, Fatemeh Rezaei, Samira Dodangeh, Masood Ziaee","doi":"10.2174/0118715265452671260421195917","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265452671260421195917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The neurotropic protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii has been linked to behavioral changes and several neuropsychiatric disorders. Given the neurobiological alterations associated with substance use disorders, this study aimed to evaluate the potential association between latent T. gondii infection and drug addiction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case-control study, 210 participants (105 individuals with drug addiction and 105 healthy controls) were enrolled. Serum anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic characteristics and potential risk factors were recorded. Statistical analyses included the Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The seroprevalence of T. gondii was significantly higher in individuals with drug addiction (25.7%) compared to controls (11.4%; P=0.007). However, in the overall multivariate analysis, drug addiction was not an independent predictor of infection (aOR=1.41, P=0.469). Age >30 years (aOR=3.84) and rural residence (aOR=2.50) were independently associated with seropositivity. Sexstratified analysis demonstrated a strong association in females (aOR=8.14, P=0.017), whereas no significant association was observed in males (aOR=0.63, P=0.454). Contact with animals was also identified as a significant risk factor, and opioid use showed the highest infection rate among substance types.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The higher seroprevalence among individuals with addiction, particularly females, suggests possible sex-specific vulnerability or exposure patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although drug addiction was not an independent predictor overall, the observed sexspecific association highlights.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimalarial Candidate Study from Three Different Fractions of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus targeting Plasmodium DXR: An In Silico Approach.","authors":"Icha Farihah Deniyati Faratisha, Loeki Enggar Fitri, Nuning Winaris, Nashi Widodo","doi":"10.2174/0118715265439520260224062840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265439520260224062840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of natural products is one approach in the discovery of new antimalarial drugs. Previous research has identified several compounds in crude extracts and fractions of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus that exhibit antimalarial properties. Protein targets in Plasmodium are similarly being investigated, including 1-deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-phosphate Reductioisomerase (DXR) from the Methyl Erythritol Phosphate (MEP) pathway of the apicoplast organelle, which is unique to Plasmodium, and thus an interesting target. The purpose of this study was to identify compounds from fractions 13, 50, and 51 of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus using Liquid Chromatography/High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC/HRMS) and examine antimalarial potential using an in silico approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The compounds from fractions 13, 50, and 51 were identified using LC/HRMS and continued with pharmacokinetic (Swiss ADME) and toxicity prediction (Protox 3.0). The DXR protein was downloaded from the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 3AU9). Molecular docking and interaction were performed using Autodock Vina (PyRx 0.9), LigPlot, and PyMOL. Molecular dynamic simulation was performed with YASARA (version 19.14.12).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>18, 24, and 44 compounds were identified from fractions 13, 50, and 51, respectively, of which 9 were selected for their potential antimalarial properties. All compounds met drug-likeness criteria, and only two had acceptable toxicity profiles. Molecular docking studies revealed that dibenzylamine (fraction 13 and 50) and erucamide (fraction 51) exhibited higher binding affinity to DXR than the native ligand. Molecular dynamics simulation for 100 ns revealed that the erucamide-DXR complex was more stable than dibenzylamine or the native ligand.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that erucamide, a metabolite compound identified from Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus, may potentially interact with the DXR enzyme of the MEP pathway. While the computational results provide preliminary insight into its possible antimalarial activity, these predictions should be interpreted cautiously. However, further in vitro and in vivo validation is essential to confirm its efficacy and safety. This study emphasizes the potential of compounds produced from natural products for novel antimalarial treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The erucamide compound demonstrated the highest binding affinity and a more stable molecular interaction with the DXR protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Cessation in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Prospective Cohort Study in Iran.","authors":"Mahboubeh Hajiabdolbaghi, Maryam Nakhostin, Fereshteh Ghiasvand, Seyed Ahmad Seyed Alinaghi","doi":"10.2174/0118715265381579260313090606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265381579260313090606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is widely used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) due to its high antiviral potency and genetic barrier to resistance. However, long-term use is associated with renal toxicity, bone mineral loss, and high treatment burden. The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) 2017 guidelines allow for cessation of nucleoside analogues (NAs) in well-selected patients, but data on outcomes following TDF withdrawal in Middle Eastern populations remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cohort study, 44 Iranian patients with CHB who fulfilled the 2017 EASL criteria for safe TDF discontinuation were followed for 12 months. Virological failure was defined as HBV DNA >2000 IU/mL (HBeAg-negative) or >20000 IU/mL (HBeAg-positive). Biochemical failure was defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >2× upper limit of normal (ULN). Patients were assessed quarterly through laboratory testing and imaging. Outcomes, relapse timing, and predictors of failure were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TDF discontinuation was successful in 22 patients (50%) who maintained both virological suppression and normal ALT without reinitiation of therapy. Relapse occurred in the remaining 22 patients, with most failures (81.8%) occurring within the first 6 months. No cases of hepatic decompensation were reported. Virological relapse was more frequent than biochemical relapse. Serum creatinine significantly improved post-cessation (1.14 ± 0.30 to 1.10 ± 0.28 mg/dL, P=0.05), and liver stiffness remained stable in 97.7% of patients (fibro scan result). Longer HBV infection duration and extended TDF treatment were significant predictors of relapse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TDF cessation in appropriately selected Iranian patients with CHB is safe and feasible, with half maintaining remission over 12 months. Relapse predominantly occurred early and was mild, supporting EASL 2017 guideline recommendations. These findings offer valuable insight into TDF discontinuation in genotype D-predominant populations and support the use of finite therapy strategies with careful post-withdrawal monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147680022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory Effect of Terminalia chebula Retz. on MDR Shigella flexneri Invasion of HeLa Cells.","authors":"Mohammadmahdi Karimi-Yazdi, Marzieh Taheri, Ebrahim Nasiri, Zohreh Ghalavand, Soheil Azizi, Bahram Nikmanesh","doi":"10.2174/0118715265417438251206084340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265417438251206084340","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery by invading the colon epithe-lium, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Shi-gella strains and the lack of effective vaccines have highlighted the need for alternative treatments. Natural plant compounds have been explored as potential antimicrobial agents. This study evaluates the antibacterial activity of ethanolic (70%-96%) and methanolic (70%-99.9%) extracts of Termi-nalia chebula Retz. against MDR S. flexneri and their effect on bacterial invasion of HeLa cells in vitro. We assessed the anti-MDR S. flexneri activity of these extracts by measuring minimum inhib-itory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Four Shigella strains belonging to various serotypes and resistant to multiple drugs were used in this study. The invasiveness of S. flexneri was assayed by plaque formation in HeLa cell culture under in vitro conditions. Ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Terminalia chebula Retz. were made in varying concentrations. The antibacterial effects of these extracts against MDR S. flexneri strains were evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and min-imum bactericidal concentration (MBC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result: &lt;/strong&gt;Plaque-forming assay confirmed that all four S. flexneri serotypes were highly invasive in HeLa cells. All the compounds screened herein were found to be antibacterial (MIC = 0.39-12.5 mg/mL) and (MBC = 0.78-25 mg/mL) against the multidrug-resistant invasive S. flexneri strain, while the MBC/MIC ratio showed both bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Shigella species are highly infectious and increasingly multidrug-resistant pathogens with significant invasive potential in intestinal cells, as confirmed by our HeLa cell plaque assay results, consistent with prior studies. Our investigation indicates that Terminalia chebula Retz. ex-tracts may exhibit antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant invasive Shigella isolates. Com-parable research has reported similar antimicrobial effects of T. chebula against various resistant bac-teria, including Shigella sonnei, MRSA, and MDR Escherichia coli. While some studies found other plant extracts, such as Rhus javanica, more potent, bioactive compounds of T. chebula, such as gallic acid derivatives, support its promising role in combating antibiotic-resistant infections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;These findings suggest that ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Terminalia chebula may have antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant and invasive Shigella flexneri. These pre-liminary results indicate that T. chebula extracts warrant further exploration as potential antimicrobial agents against MDR Shigella infections. However, given the limited sample size in this study, further research with larger and more divers","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Models for Wound Healing.","authors":"Deepshikha Dubey, Yogesh Murti, Akash Ved, Sachdev Yadav, Karuna Shanker Shukla, Mayank Kulshreshtha","doi":"10.2174/0118715265408774251110041638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265408774251110041638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing efficient therapies for both acute and chronic wounds requires a thorough un-derstanding of wound healing mechanisms and possible therapeutic approaches. Preclinical research simulates wound healing processes and evaluates the effectiveness of novel medications and treat-ments using a range of experimental models. This review examines and contrasts the main preclinical models-in vitro, in vivo, in silico, explant, and genetically modified models that are employed in wound healing research. While in vivo models offer insights into complex tissue connections and systemic effects in animal subjects, in vitro models facilitate specific cellular and molecular studies to be conducted under controlled settings. The use of in silico models can reduce the requirement for animal testing by supporting predictive analysis and the computational simulation of wound healing processes. Explant models, which bridge the gap between cell cultures and whole-animal models, provide a more complicated environment than in vitro methods by using portions of tissue or organs. Furthermore, targeted research on gene-specific involvement in wound healing is enabled by genet-ically modified models, which are frequently based on animals with particular gene changes. These models' relative advantages and disadvantages are examined, emphasizing their applicability and complementary functions in experimental wound repair studies. This thorough analysis provides a cohesive perspective on each model's suitability, which aids in the development of preclinical ap-proaches for wound healing treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Cutaneous Aspergillosis in Disguise: A Case Report with Diagnostic Insights from Cytology and Literature Review.","authors":"Gunvanti Rathod, Sai Swetha, Naveen Chand","doi":"10.2174/0118715265435549260216094934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265435549260216094934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Primary Cutaneous Aspergillosis (PCA) is a rare localized fungal infection resulting from direct skin inoculation of Aspergillus species, often affecting immunocompetent indi-viduals following minor trauma. Unlike systemic forms, which are predominant in immunocompro-mised hosts, PCA frequently mimics benign subcutaneous lesions, leading to diagnostic delays and mismanagement.</p> Case presentation: A total of 3 cases of adult males (aged 55-70 years) were reported: two immuno-competent and one with controlled type 2 diabetes. Lesions presented as painless, mobile subcutane-ous swellings on the left elbow (24 months), shin (6 months), and lower leg (4 months), clinically mimicking lipoma, sebaceous cyst, or olecranon bursitis. Risk factors included repetitive soil expo-sure or superficial abrasion. Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) with Gomori Methenamine Silver (GMS) staining revealed suppurative inflammation and acute-angle branching septate hyphae. Cultures grew Aspergillus flavus (two cases) and A. fumigatus (one case). For all three cases, wide local excision was planned and performed. Antifungal therapy was administered, which included oral Voriconazole for 8 weeks in two cases and intravenous liposomal Amphotericin B for 14 days fol-lowed by Voriconazole for 6 weeks in the third patient, who was diabetic. No recurrence was ob-served at the 12-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FNAC with GMS staining is a rapid, low-cost tool that prevents inappropriate surgery and enables early targeted therapy. Clinicians should incorporate FNAC into diagnostic algorithms for atypical subcutaneous swellings with trauma history to avert dissemination and ensure excellent outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147625030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Tuberculous Cold Abscesses of Unknown Source in an Immunocompetent Young Male: Case Report and Review of Literature.","authors":"Anju Dinkar, Jitendra Singh","doi":"10.2174/0118715265438517260114093038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265438517260114093038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tuberculous Cold Abscesses (TCA) are localized collections of Mycobac-terium tuberculosis infection, typically lacking overt signs of inflammation. While common in en-demic areas, recurrent TCAs in immunocompetent individuals without pulmonary tuberculosis are exceedingly rare and present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Poverty, malnutrition, and unclean living standards may indirectly contribute to the recurrence of TCA. Based on our extensive research using PubMed and Google, the present case is unique and the only documented case of this type.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of an 18-year-old immunocompetent male from Uttar Pradesh state, India, who developed recurrent tuberculous cold abscesses at different anatomical sites over four years. The first episode presented as a cervical abscess and was microbiologically confirmed by acid-fast bacilli staining and Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT). Despite standard Antitubercular Therapy (ATT) and complete clinical resolution, he subsequently developed three further episodes involving distinct sites: right supraclavicular region, left paraspinal region, and right infra-axillary region. Each episode demonstrated microbiological evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis without rifampicin resistance. Repeat serological testing confirmed preserved immune competence. Management included ultrasound-guided aspiration combined with ATT as per National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) guidelines. One episode was complicated by hepatotoxicity, necessitating regimen adjustment. Each abscess eventually resolved following prolonged ATT courses, and no residual collection was noted on imaging during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the rare entity, as there was no underlying detected primary focus and no immunocompromised status. Early microbiological diagnosis, appropriate drainage, strict adherence to ATT, and vigilant follow-up are essential to prevent recurrence and ensure complete resolution. Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion, particularly in tuberculosis-endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147518105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xanthogranulomatous Oophoritis Associated With Chronic Endometriosis: A Clinical Observation.","authors":"Mishu Mangla, Naina Kumar, Jitendra Singh Nigam, A Aishwarya Teja, Swarnalatha Seelam, Srujana Veldi","doi":"10.2174/0118715265429991260204112752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265429991260204112752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis (XGO) is a rare chronic inflammatory con-dition that can mimic ovarian malignancy both clinically and radiologically. It is characterized by foamy histiocytes and inflammatory infiltrates, often leading to diagnostic challenges. Few cases have been reported in the literature, and even fewer have noted coexistent endometriosis.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a rare case of XGO in a woman with longstanding endometriosis, highlighting its clinical, radiological, and histopathological correlation. We report a case of a 50-year-old post-menopausal woman with a history of chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis who pre-sented with an adnexal mass. Imaging raised suspicion of ovarian neoplasm. The patient underwent staging laparotomy in view of a persistent, complex adnexal mass with solid-cystic components noted on imaging, and a clinical suspicion of ovarian malignancy. Histopathological evaluation of the ovary post-surgery revealed a fibrocollagenous cyst wall, lined by dense chronic inflammatory infiltrates composed predominantly of foamy histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and occasional neutro-phils. Sheets of lipid-laden macrophages with abundant granular cytoplasm were characteristic of xanthogranulomatous inflammation. Foci of fibrosis and hemosiderin-laden macrophages were also identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The final diagnosis was Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis in an endometriotic back-ground. XGO should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adnexal masses, particularly in patients with endometriosis. Accurate diagnosis requires histopathology to avoid overtreatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147494981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro, In silico, and Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigations of Anti-leishmanial Efficacy of New Synthetic 3-Imidazolyl flavan oxime on Leishmania tropica Parasites","authors":"Azar Shokri, Mahdi Fakhar, Saeed Hoseini Teshnizi, Saeed Emami, Hassan Mirzaei, Rezvan Rajabzade","doi":"10.2174/0118715265336603251206062013","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265336603251206062013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Antimonials have been traditional therapeutic agents for leishmaniasis for decades, but selecting the optimal treatment regimen remains challenging. Alternative systemic treatments, including liposomal amphotericin B and sodium stibogluconate, have shown unclear efficacy in Leishmania tropica cutaneous leishmaniasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new synthetic 3-Imidazolyl flavan oxime (IFO) against Leishmania tropica, using in vitro, in silico, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A standard strain of Leishmania tropica was cultured to assess the in vitro antileishmanial effects of the new synthetic azole. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was conducted to reveal structural changes in the parasite during treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IC50 value of IFO was 26.5 µg/mL for the promastigote stage, which was significantly lower than that of ketoconazole (KCZ, IC50 = 192 µg/mL) and meglumine antimoniate (MA, IC50 = 234 µg/mL) (P < 0.05). IFO also decreased the Mean Infection Rate (MIR) to 24.78 ± 9.66% and the Mean Number of Amastigotes Per Macrophage (MNAPM) to 1.69 ± 0.31. These values for macrophages treated with KCZ were 37.78 ± 9.18 and 1.91 ± 0.43, with MA 53.33 ± 17.79% and 2.04 ± 0.36, and control 76.67 ± 1.53 and 3.17 ± 0.14, respectively (P = 0.01). Parasite survival (PS) for IFO, KCZ, MA, and control was 53.31 ± 0.26%, 60.25 ± 1.73%, 64.35 ± 1.64%, and 76.67 ± 1.53%, respectively. Inhibition of intracellular amastigote growth (%) for IFO, KCZ, and MA was 46.7%, 35.65%, and 20.38%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a significant health problem that has faced treatment challenges, motivating the search for new therapeutic compounds. Azoles have demonstrated considerable anti-leishmanial effects and have attracted attention as potential treatment options. Our synthetic azole exhibited reliable efficacy against L. tropica in both amastigote and promastigote stages, with low toxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrated notable anti-leishmanial effects of IFO against Leishmania tropica, suggesting it may be considered a potent therapeutic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147494996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}