Infectious disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of MDR Enterobacter spp. Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Sudan: Prevalence of CTX-M and Carbapenemase Genes with Absence of SHV and TEM.","authors":"Hiba Abdel Salam Mahgoub, Hind Haidar Ahmed, Tyseer AbdelAzim Ahmed Mahgoub, Osama Mohammed Mohammed Khair, Mawada Hassan Fadlalla Mohammed, Maye Mohammed Merghani, Majdolin Ibrahim Mobark AlBushra, Elsadig Mohammed Hamdan, Rania Hashim MohammedKhair Khojli, Hisham Nour Aldaiem Altyab, Mogahid Mohammed Elhassan","doi":"10.2174/0118715265368414250818114643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265368414250818114643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The rise of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacter species is a significant global health concern, particularly in hospital settings where they contribute to nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MDR Enterobacter spp. in clinical specimens from Khartoum State, Sudan, to detect key resistance genes (CTX-M, AmpC, OXA-48, NDM-1, VIM, IMP, MCR-1, SHV, and TEM), and to analyze the correlation between genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, laboratory-based study was conducted from February to October 2021. A total of 384 clinical specimens, including urine, wound swabs, sputum, and blood, were collected from hospitals in Khartoum. Enterobacter spp. isolates were identified using conventional methods such as colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was employed to detect ESBL genes (CTX-M, SHV, TEM, AmpC) and carbapenemase genes (OXA-48, NDM-1, VIM, IMP, MCR-1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 384 clinical specimens, 14 (3.6%) were confirmed as Enterobacter spp. by PCR. All isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. CTX-M was detected in 100% of isolates, while SHV and TEM genes were absent. Other detected resistance genes included AmpC in 5 isolates (35.7%), IMP in 2 (14.3%), NDM-1 in 3 (21.4%), VIM in 5 (35.7%), OXA-48 in 7 (50.0%), and MCR-1 in 13 (92.9%). The predominance of CTX-M, car-bapenemase genes, and the absence of SHV and TEM suggest a distinct resistance profile in these isolates.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings highlight a concerning emergence of MDR Enterobacter spp. in Sudan, primarily driven by the widespread presence of CTX-M and carbapenemase genes. The lack of SHV and TEM genes indicates potential regional differences in genetic resistance patterns. This underscores the critical need for molecular monitoring and effective infection control policies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high prevalence of MDR Enterobacter spp., particularly due to CTX-M and carbapenemase gene expression, poses a serious threat to public health in Khartoum. Regional variation in resistance mechanisms, such as the absence of SHV and TEM, necessitates targeted antimicrobial stewardship and the development of localized treatment guidelines to limit the spread of resistance in Sudanese healthcare facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Preseptal Cellulitis: A 5-year Retrospective Study in an Iranian Referral Hospital.","authors":"Mahmoud Khodabandeh, Majid Mehrshadian, Narges Maham, Shima Mahmoudi","doi":"10.2174/0118715265356551250731143409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265356551250731143409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Preseptal cellulitis, the most common periorbital cellulitis manifestation, is more common in children. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of preseptal cellulitis infections in patients admitted to Children's Medical Center, an Ira-nian referral hospital, between 2015 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The demographic characteristics of patients, symptoms at admission, affected eye (unilat-eral/bilateral and right/left), the duration of symptoms and treatment, imaging findings, and the mi-crobial culture were recorded from patient history and medical files.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 5 years, 136 children with preseptal cellulitis, of whom 71 (52.2%) were boys and 65 (47.8%) were girls. The age range of the patients was between 9 days and 15 years, with a mean age of 41.9±39.3 months. All of the children had eyelid swelling and edema upon their initial visit. The most common accompanying symptoms in patients after edema and swelling of the eyelids were fever (41.2%), followed by eye discharge in 30.1%, and tenderness in 19.9% of patients. Ocular in-volvement was 51.5% in the right eye, 44.9% in the left eye, and 3.7% in both eyes. A CT scan was performed in 58 cases (42.6%), showing preseptal cellulitis in 29 patients (21.3%), followed by eth-moid sinusitis in 14 cases (10.3%). The most commonly used antibiotics, either alone or in combina-tion, were clindamycin (72.8%, n=99), ceftriaxone (54.4%, n=74), vancomycin (27.2%, n=37), met-ronidazole (23.5%, n=32), and cefotaxime (17.6%, n=24).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Preseptal cellulitis in children presents with a spectrum of symptoms and is frequently associated with risk factors such as sinusitis, odontogenic infections, insect bites, or periocular trauma. Imaging, particularly CT, is essential for evaluating disease severity and identifying compli-cations. One limitation of this study is the occurrence of negative culture results, which could be due to factors such as sample collection, transportation, or possible issues with the culture techniques.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to this study, children with preseptal cellulitis might exhibit a variety of symptoms. The most common risk factors for preseptal cellulitis infection are sinusitis, odontogenic infections, animal or insect bites, and periocular trauma. Patients usually received clindamycin, ceftri-axone, and combination antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Children: A Critical Public Health Alert Following the First Case in Victoria, Australia.","authors":"Sharib Raza Khan, Shriyansh Srivastava, Sachin Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0118715265370142250805025143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265370142250805025143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Level of Expression of MUC-1 and MUC-4 in Human Endometrial Cells Treated with Platelet-rich Plasma In vitro.","authors":"Iraj Amiri, Tabieh Artimani, Sara Soleimani, Shamim Pilevar, Muhammad Ibrahim Getso, Omid Raiesi, Samad Hossienzadeh","doi":"10.2174/0118715265370071250730164812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265370071250730164812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study examined the effect of different concentrations of platelet- rich plasma (PRP) on cell growth and proliferation, and the expression levels of MUC-1 and MUC-4 genes in repeated implantation failure (RIF) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight women were included in the study. The control group and the group of patients with RIF were treated with different concentrations of PRP 3%, 5% and 10%. Using the MTT test, cell growth and proliferation were checked at 12, 24, and 48 hours. In order to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of PRP on the expression of MUC-1 and MUC-4 genes, a real-time PCR test was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cell growth and proliferation of the endometrial cells were significantly increased after treatment with different concentrations of PRP. Based on different doses of PRP, the expression levels of MUC-1 and MUC-4 genes were significantly increased in both the control group and the RIF patient group. The significant increase in expression levels was observed in all groups treated with 10% PRP doses (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The treatment of endometrial tissue cells with PRP is associated with the increased expression levels of MUC-1 and MUC-4 genes. This reinforces the hypothesis that PRP, through its contents, the growth factors and inflammatory factors, can increase the activity and expression levels of MUC-1 and MUC-4 genes by activating signaling cascades related to growth factors and inflammatory factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PRP in different doses can cause the growth and proliferation of uterine endometrial cells and also increase the expression of MUC-1 and MUC-4 genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Tuberculous Intramuscular Abscess in a Diabetic Elderly Male: An Unusual Case Report.","authors":"Anju Dinkar, Jitendra Singh, Ajay Kumar Patwa, Saurabh Kumar, Isha Atam","doi":"10.2174/0118715265384910250721042045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265384910250721042045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) primarily affects the lungs, but extrapulmonary manifestations, such as musculoskeletal TB, account for 15-20% of cases. Isolated intramuscular TB abscesses are exceedingly rare cases of extrapulmonary TB. Predisposing factors, such as diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, and advanced age, increase the risk of such atypical presentations. This report presents a rare case of a primary tuberculous intramuscular abscess in an elderly diabetic male, emphasizing diagnostic challenges and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 63-year-old male with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes presented with a 2-month history of right thigh pain and progressive swelling. Examination revealed an 8×9 cm, nontender, firm lump in the right thigh with normal overlying skin. Imaging with 3T MRI showed a multilobulated fluid collection in the thigh's upper third region, predominantly in the adductor and anterior compartments, with surrounding muscle edema and multiple enlarged inguinal lymph nodes. Histo-pathological examination of drained material revealed caseating granulomas with Langhans giant cells, consistent with tuberculosis. CBNAAT confirmed rifampicin-sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient was diagnosed with a primary tuberculous abscess and initiated on a 6-month antituberculosis therapy. He showed significant clinical improvement at the 1-month follow-up and successfully completed his 6-month ATT without any intolerance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the importance of considering TB in atypical presentations, particularly in endemic regions and high-risk populations. Prompt diagnosis through advanced imaging, histopathology, molecular testing, and appropriate surgical and pharmacological interventions is crit-ical for optimal outcomes in such rare presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Manifestations, Immune Evasion, and Public Health Implications of Monkeypox: Challenges and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Bhumika Parashar, Rishabha Malviya, Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar, Javedh Shareef","doi":"10.2174/0118715265370049250717104044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265370049250717104044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Monkeypox (Mpox) is a disease primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals and humans. Recently, it has generated worldwide interest due to its expansion from endemic to non-endemic areas, raising concerns about its clinical consequences.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on clinical data, immune evasion mechanisms, and public health reports related to monkeypox.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The review revealed that monkeypox presents with fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy. Key findings include the emergence of immune evasion strategies and an increase in human-to-human transmission, highlighting significant challenges for global surveillance, vaccination coverage, and outbreak preparedness.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings underscore the varied clinical manifestations of Mpox, especially its severe impact on vulnerable populations such as HIV co-infected individuals and those with ocular involvement. The detailed analysis of immune evasion strategies reveals critical challenges in developing effective treatments and preventive measures. These insights align with existing research, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and improved diagnostic approaches. However, limitations include a reliance on available clinical reports and the evolving nature of monkeypox outbreaks, which may affect the generalizability of the conclusions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding the clinical characteristics of Mpox is crucial for guiding effective treatment and prevention strategies, particularly in vulnerable populations. These insights can support public health efforts, improve patient outcomes, and inform future research on emerging infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Strategies in Disease Control and Prevention: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Salman Daneshi, Mehran Nikvarz, Rasoul Raesi, Ali Kamali, Eshagh Barfar, Kiavash Hushmandi","doi":"10.2174/0118715265380960250726161521","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265380960250726161521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Effective disease control and prevention are central to global public health, especially amid increasing chronic diseases, re-emerging infectious threats, and socioeconomic disparities. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize key strategies that contribute to improved disease management outcomes worldwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted using the keywords \"disease management,\" \"disease prevention,\" \"public health strategies,\" \"surveillance,\" \"vaccination,\" \"vector control,\" and \"social determinants of health (SDOH)\" in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 2001 to 2024. The search strategy was based on the PRISMA statement, and the research question was designed and formulated using the PICO framework. Twenty-two articles were selected for inclusion in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enhanced surveillance systems enable timely outbreak detection and inform public health responses. Vaccination strategies, including mobile units and public awareness campaigns, significantly improve coverage, especially in underserved areas. Environmental sanitation through WASH programs reduces disease transmission. Vector control using Integrated Vector Management has proven effective in controlling malaria and dengue. Addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) through targeted policies reduces health inequities. The One Health approach promotes cross-sector collaboration for controlling zoonotic diseases.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings highlight the importance of combining epidemiological tools, community engagement, policy reform, and intersectoral collaboration. Socioeconomic and environmental contexts significantly influence health outcomes and the success of interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multifaceted, integrated strategy is crucial for effective disease prevention and control. Public health systems must prioritize surveillance, vaccination, sanitation, equity-oriented policies, and cross-sectoral collaboration to improve global health resilience and reduce disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mini Review on Monkey-Pox: Outbreak, Challenges, and Management Strategies.","authors":"Dipak S Thorat, Yogesh V Ushir, Sudarshan Singh, Pooja V Nagime","doi":"10.2174/0118715265378067250717103733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265378067250717103733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monkeypox (Mpox) has become a significant global health concern, particularly since 2022. It has spread rapidly to numerous locations, and we urgently need to learn more about it. This overview discusses what Mpox is, how it spreads, its effects on people, and the medications that can be used to assist. Between January 2022 and March 2025, approximately 129,523 people were in-fected with Mpox in 120 countries. This demonstrates that HPV has progressed from being passed down from animals to being transmitted between people, including through intimate touch, as in some sexual interactions. Scientists discovered significant alterations in the virus that could help it adapt to people. Currently, we do not have many therapy alternatives. However, certain medications, such as tecovirimat and cidofovir, as well as specific vaccines (such as MVA-BN), can aid in recovery. When administered promptly after exposure, the vaccine is extremely effective in protecting peo-ple. This review emphasizes the importance of detecting Mpox early, monitoring the virus's evolu-tion, and ensuring that people, particularly those who are more susceptible to illness, are immunized. A One Health strategy, which encompasses the care of humans, animals, and the environment in a unified approach, is crucial to preventing future outbreaks. To keep everyone safe, we must prepare for and strengthen our response to Mpox.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteria-Mitochondria Cross-talk: How Microbes Regulate Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics of Host Cells.","authors":"Tasbir Amin, Md Asaduzzaman Shishir, Mohammad Mamun Alam, Mohammad Badrul Anam, Nayeema Bulbul, Jinath Sultana Jime, Md Fakruddin","doi":"10.2174/0118715265362556250717063603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265362556250717063603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouses and are considered to be central to energy metabolism, dynamics, and homeostasis. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiome regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics (fission, fusion, mitoph-agy), and bioenergetics, and that it does so by connecting bacterial metabolites and signaling molecules. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms that underlie the interplay between bacteria and mitochondria, with a particular focus on the modulation of mitochondrial activities by microbial products, including bile acids, immunological mediators, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The evolutionary relationship between bacteria and mitochondria is explored, along with the implications of microbial dysbio-sis on mitochondrial dysfunction, which is linked to a variety of inflammatory, meta-bolic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, we emphasised the therapeutic potential of focusing on the microbiota to treat illnesses associated with the mitochon-dria and to restore mitochondrial health. A better understanding of the complex rela-tionship between bacteria and mitochondria can open up new avenues for disease man-agement and novel treatment possibilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA 155 Expression and Treatment Response in Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Psoriasis Patients.","authors":"Amal Ahmed Mohamed, Abdullah Taher Alanazi, Manar Ezzelarab Ramadan, Reem Elmahdy, Hany N Azzam, Eman M Salah, Samar S Khalaf, Maha S Hussein, Nesreen Hamdy Mahmoud, Maysa I Farghly, Hany Sleem, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Doaa Ghaith, Heba Mohamed Mahmoud Aboelela","doi":"10.2174/0118715265369365250715020937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265369365250715020937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Toxoplasma infection is highly prevalent among patients with different autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis patients. Pyrimethamine is an antiparasitic medication that has a variable treatment response in Toxoplasma-infected patients. This study investigates the demographic, biochemical, and genetic factors influencing the response to pyrimethamine treatment in Toxoplasma gondii-infected psoriasis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive analysis of 73 patients diagnosed with toxoplasmosis. Demographic characteristics, biochemical lab results, and the serum levels of TNF-α detected by ELISA, and MicroRNA-155 expression were analyzed using real-time PCR with the 2ΔΔCt method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total cholesterol and bilirubin levels were higher in patients with good responses compared to those in the poor response group, while other biochemical parameters did not exhibit any statistically significant differences. Neither MicroRNA-155 expression nor serum TNF-α levels were found to be significantly associated with treatment response. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess predictors of treatment response to pyrimethamine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Biochemical markers play a role in determining the response to pyrimethamine treatment; however, other factors may also contribute. Future research should focus on larger longitudinal studies to validate these findings and explore additional biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}