Infectious disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Cross-System Transcriptomics Suggests Enterovirus A71 Exploits Wound Healing Programs to Target Neural Progenitors in Human Spinal Cord Organoids.","authors":"Nibras Mohammed Ali Hashim, Noor N Al-Hayani, Bushra Jabbar Hamad, Ahmed AbdulJabbar Suleiman","doi":"10.2174/0118715265495604260618201203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265495604260618201203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The mechanisms of EV-A71 immune evasion and neuroinvasion are poorly understood. Inactivated vaccines provide protective immunity without the dysregulated inflammation and viral persistence caused by active infection. In this bioinformatics-driven study, our objective was to utilize computational transcriptomics to investigate this dichotomy and determine the specific neural cell populations susceptible to enteroviral infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared bulk RNA-seq data from THP-1 macrophages infected with active versus inactivated EV-A71 to identify viral hijacking programs. We then applied these systemic findings to the neural environment via an iterative Area Under the Curve (AUC)-based optimization strategy. This process refined the broad bulk-derived candidates into a 10-gene consensus signature, which was projected onto a human spinal cord organoid single-cell RNA-seq atlas to map viral susceptibility across distinct developmental lineages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While active infection with EV-A71 is associated with a wound-healing program defined by the expression of PMEPA1, ALOX5, CCL1, and SPRED3, the administration of an inactivated virus elicits an anti-inflammatory response without activating a similar transcriptional program. In fact, decreased expression of inflammatory factors (ADORA2A, CCR1, CXCL1) marks this wound-healing stage and leads to the development of an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. By projecting the highly robust 10-gene consensus (comprising ALDH2, SERPINE2, and L1CAM) against the organoid atlas, we have predicted that the cycling neural progenitors could be the most likely reservoir for EV-A71 replication. Using a Wilcoxon rank sum test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction, we observed the only statistically enriched signature in progenitor cells Discussion: Transcriptomic data indicate that EV-A71 might hijack TGF-β/PMEPA1 and ALOX5 signaling pathways to establish EMT-like behavior. The local acquisition of an M2-like immunosuppressive state might help promote early systemic dissemination, immunologic escape, followed by colonization of the proliferative neural niche prior to the development of neurological symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Computational identification of a macrophage gene signature provides robust discrimination of EV-A71 infection from vaccine-based protection in vivo. Mapping the signature to the context of human spinal cord organoids indicates that EV-A71 specifically targets proliferative and regenerative programs of neural stem cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148379248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the Power of Chinese Essential Oils: A Systematic Review on Holistic Approach to Acne Treatment and Anti-Aging Therapy.","authors":"Karan Agrawal, Yogesh Murti, Akash Ved, Sachdev Yadav, Karuna Shanker Shukla, Mayank Kulshreshtha","doi":"10.2174/0118715265394832251201143932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265394832251201143932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chinese essential oils, hydrophobic substances derived from aromatic plants, are widely used in industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and pest control. This review focuses on their potential as natural therapies for skin conditions like acne and aging, with an emphasis on their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted using various databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Medline, focusing on terms like \"essential oils and acne,\" \"tea tree oil and acne,\" and \"essential oils and skin aging.\" The articles were selected from 1980 to 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings reveal that Chinese essential oils, particularly tea tree, lavender, and chamomile, have significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects that may outperform traditional acne therapies.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These oils also show promise in addressing skin aging. However, while current research highlights their potential, further studies are required to fully understand their mechanisms and opti-mize their therapeutic applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Essential oils could play a key role in future skincare innovations, particularly in acne and anti-aging treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of Skin Parasites, Bacteria, and Fungi and Their Impact on Hematological Parameters in Patients with T-LGL Leukemia.","authors":"Nadia Ahmed Hadi Al-Ubaidi, Suzan Khalid Kadhim, Zainab Hudhi Farhood","doi":"10.2174/0118715265440516260612101913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265440516260612101913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>T-cell Large Granular Lymphocyte (T-LGL) leukemia is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder associated with cytopenias and immune dysregulation, predisposing patients to infections. However, the prevalence and hematological impact of cutaneous immunocompromised-associated infections, bacterial, and fungal infections in these patients remain insufficiently characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 60 patients with T-LGL leukemia and 60 healthy controls. Infection screening was performed using clinical examination, direct microscopy, and microbiological culture. Hematological parameters, including total White Blood Cell (WBC), Red Blood Cell (RBC), platelet counts, and differential leukocyte counts, were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parasitic infections were most prevalent (38%), followed by bacterial (32%) and fungal infections (30%). Common pathogens included Sarcoptes scabiei and Leishmania tropica (parasitic), Staphylococcus aureus (bacterial), and dermatophytes (fungal). Parasitic infections were significantly associated with eosinophilia and lymphocytosis (p < 0.05), while bacterial and fungal infections showed increased neutrophil percentages. Compared to controls, infected patients exhibited leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Infection burden was higher in females, and age-related peaks were observed for L. tropica (30-40 years) and dermatophyte infections (20-30 years).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight distinct infection-specific hematological alterations in T-LGL leukemia, emphasizing the role of immunocompromised-associated infections in worsening cytopenias. Limitations include the retrospective design and limited sample size.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recognition of infection patterns and their hematological impact may improve diagnostic evaluation and guide targeted infection surveillance, ultimately reducing morbidity in T-LGL leukemia patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effective Dosing Schedule of Sodium Bicarbonate for Improving pH in Patients with Metabolic Acidosis.","authors":"Karman Preet Kaur Benipal, Krishna Murty, Dharmendra Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0118715265459925260531193221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265459925260531193221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is still a commonly used treatment for metabolic acidosis, the best dosage methods are still unknown. This study compared the effectiveness of three distinct NaHCO3 regimens for the short-term treatment of moderate-to-severe metabolic acidosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>60 adult ICU patients with metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.25) participated in a prospective randomized interventional study. Three groups of twenty patients each were randomly assigned. Over the course of a day, Group A received the calculated total bicarbonate dose. Group C received 30% of the dose as a bolus and 70% as an infusion, whereas Group B received 15% of the dose as an initial bolus and 85% as an infusion. End-tidal CO2 (EtCO₂) and arterial pH were measured at 0, 1, 8, 16, 24, 36, and 48 hours. Additionally, two-day survival was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Blood pH significantly improved across all groups. With normalization by the sixteenth hour, Group C made the quickest correction. At 24th and 48th hours, Group B revealed the most consistent and sustained correction of pH with less variation. There was no significant ventilation effect, as supported by the gradual increase in EtCO2 levels in all three groups. The 2-day survival rate was slightly higher in Groups B and C (40%) than in Group A (30%), but the difference was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings from the current investigation help illuminate the extent to which different bicarbonate dosing regimens can raise blood pH and influence the presence of metabolic acidosis over the two-day treatment period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All bicarbonate treatment modalities were successful. Group C responded quickly, and Group B was the most consistent. The survival difference is not significant and highlights the need for further studies to improve dosing.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Antimicrobial Effectiveness of a New Licorice Oral Gel against Salivary Streptococcus mutans.","authors":"Salva Dehghan, Mohammad Yousef Memar, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj, Paria Motahari","doi":"10.2174/0118715265463863260604153321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265463863260604153321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental caries is one of the most common health concerns, and the adverse effects of Chlorhexidine have increased the search for safer natural alternatives. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effect of a novel 1% Licorice root extract gel with 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash in reducing salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized controlled trial, 30 adults with DMFT >2 were randomly divided into two groups to receive 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash (n=15) or 1% Licorice gel (n=15) for seven days. Samples of unstimulated saliva were collected at the beginning and after the intervention. S. mutans colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were determined and data were analyzed using SPSS v25.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed significant decreases in S. mutans counts after the intervention (P < 0.001). This reduction in the Chlorhexidine and Licorice gel group was 32.9% and 20.2%, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.39).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The 1% Licorice gel showed antimicrobial activity comparable to 0.2% Chlorhexidine, with a more favorable taste and no side effects. These findings support its potential as a tolerable herbal alternative for short-term oral care, especially in individuals intolerant to Chlorhexidine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Licorice gel appears to be a safe and effective natural agent for reducing salivary S. mutans levels. Further long-term studies with larger populations are necessary to verify its clinical applicability and sustainable efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field Cancerization of the Cervix and Vulva in a Young HIV-Positive Woman: Diagnostic Challenges in Multifocal HPV Disease - A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Nireesha Bukke, Naina Kumar, Gunvanti Rathod, Mishu Mangla","doi":"10.2174/0118715265473566260604105602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265473566260604105602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established cause of cancers of the cervix, vulva, and vagina, particularly high-risk types such as HPV-16 and 18. In women living with HIV, impaired immune function reduces viral clearance, leading to persistent infection, faster progression of precancerous lesions, and involvement of multiple sites within the lower genital tract. This phenomenon is often explained by the concept of \"field cancerization\", where widespread HPV exposure results in synchronous neoplastic changes in adjacent mucosal tissues.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 36-year-old HIV-positive woman presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding and post-coital bleeding. Testing revealed infection with multiple high-risk HPV genotypes, including HPV-16, and cervical cytology showed High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL). Histopathological evaluation confirmed two concurrent HPV-related lesions: invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (FIGO stage IB1) and vulvar HSIL (VIN 3). She underwent a radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph-node dissection along with wide local excision of the vulvar lesion, followed by adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case illustrates the uncommon coexistence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and vulvar HSIL in an HIV-positive woman, emphasizing the role of immunosuppression in persistent HPV infection and multifocal disease. Thorough evaluation of the entire lower genital tract, along with vigilant follow-up, is crucial for early detection and improved outcomes in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Laboratory Features of Serologically Confirmed EBV Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern India (2018-2023).","authors":"Anju Dinkar, Jitendra Singh, Sangram Singh Patel, Nidhi Tejan","doi":"10.2174/0118715265463974260409115354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265463974260409115354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a widely prevalent member of the herpesvirus family, is linked to a diverse range of clinical outcomes, extending from mild, self-limiting illnesses to serious systemic and hematological disorders. Although India shows a high rate of EBV seropositivity, comprehensive data regarding its clinical presentation and associated complications are still scarce. This study was undertaken to assess the seroprevalence, clinical features, and systemic complications of EBV infection across multiple departments of a tertiary care hospital in Northern India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 168 serologically confirmed EBV IgM-positive cases from January 2018 to December 2023 at a tertiary care centre. Data were collected on demographics, clinical presentation, departmental distribution, laboratory parameters, and complications. EBV IgM was detected using the EBV-VCA IgM ELISA kit, and hematological and biochemical values were interpreted in accordance with WHO and standard clinical definitions. The authors followed the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) Guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of patients was 24 years, with a male predominance (56.5%). Generalized weakness (84%), fever (56%), and sore throat (49%) were the most common symptoms. Anemia (79.2%), thrombocytopenia (60.1%), and hepatic dysfunction (69.6%) were the leading complications. Neurological involvement, though less frequent, included encephalitis (6%) and seizures (4.2%). Laboratory values showed marked variability, particularly in liver enzymes and blood counts.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>EBV infection showed significant systemic involvement, with higher rates of hematological and hepatic complications than typically reported. Regional factors may influence this variability, underscoring the need for early diagnosis and targeted management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EBV infection presents with diverse clinical features and significant systemic complications. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are essential for improved outcomes in high-burden regions like India.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium Abscessus Presenting as Miliary Tuberculosis: First Case Report.","authors":"Ranganath Thippanahalli Ganga, Ajoy Kumar Behera, Ujjwala Gaikwad, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Abhijit Kumar Prasad, Sanjeev Khanth P E","doi":"10.2174/0118715265394887251022105453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265394887251022105453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Miliary tuberculosis is a severe form of tuberculosis caused by the hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental pathogens that can become aerosolized and cause infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Mycobacterium Abscessus is a rapidly growing NTM that commonly causes pulmonary disease in individuals with preexisting lung conditions. However, its presentation as miliary nodules in an immunocompetent individual is extremely rare.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 57-year-old male with well-controlled diabetes presented with progressive dyspnea, chronic dry cough, low-grade fever, and significant weight loss over three months. Chest radiography revealed diffuse miliary opacities, initially suspected to be tuberculosis. Despite receiving standard anti-tubercular therapy, his symptoms persisted. Further investigations, including bronchoalveolar lavage culture and NTM line probe assay, confirmed infection with Mycobacterium abscessus. The patient was treated with a combination of clarithromycin, linezolid, amikacin, and imipenem for the initial three months, followed by clarithromycin and linezolid for a total treatment duration of 15 months, resulting in a favorable outcome. Follow-up high-resolution CT scans showed complete resolution of the miliary lesions, and the patient continues under clinical surveillance for recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights that Mycobacterium Abscessus infection can mimic miliary tuberculosis, even in immunocompetent individuals. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections should be considered in patients with miliary lung opacities who do not respond to standard anti-tubercular therapy. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate antibiotic treatment can result in successful outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use and Resistance Among Secondary School Students in Jordan: A Cross- Sectional Study from a Developing Country.","authors":"Majd M Masadeh, Sabariah Noor Harun, Tareq L Mukattash, Nasr Alrabadi","doi":"10.2174/0118715265455995260407212849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265455995260407212849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Antibiotic resistance has been identified as one of the most pressing public health issues of our time. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, as well as associated factors, among secondary school adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional self-survey of secondary school students in Jordan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Students demonstrated limited knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and suboptimal antibiotic use, while attitudes and practices showed variable responses. Knowledge scores were significantly associated with place of residence (p < 0.001), previous education about antibiotic use and resistance (p < 0.001), and ease of access to educational materials (p < 0.001). Positive attitudes were predicted by previous formal education about antibiotic use and resistance (p < 0.001) and ease of access to educational materials (p < 0.001). Better practices were significantly associated with the father's educational level (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings highlight significant gaps between knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotic use among secondary school adolescents, underscoring the need for targeted educational interventions that strengthen practical understanding and individual responsibility toward antimicrobial resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Formal education, socioeconomic status, and the availability of learning materials were significantly associated with the students' KAP. These findings highlighted various misconceptions and unsafe practices and suggested further interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Evidence-Based Guidelines for Antibiotic Treatment and Prevention in Odontogenic Infections-Current Clinical Perspectives.","authors":"Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen, Rajkapoor Balasubramanian, Mohamed Nazar Sirajudeen, Rumisa Nabi, Azmina Parveen Raja Mohamed, Mohamed Fahath Shahul Hameed, Mohamed Harshath Jahir Hussain, Arun Shanmugam","doi":"10.2174/0118715265464507260406071303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715265464507260406071303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Odontogenic infections can range from localized abscesses to severe sys-temic conditions originating from teeth and their supporting structures. This review outlines evi-dence-based guidelines for selecting antibiotics and using prophylaxis in odontogenic infections, with a focus on prudent use to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review synthesized guidelines from 2015 to 2024 by searching PubMed/PMC, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using terms \"odontogenic infection, \"dental infection,\" \"antibiotic therapy,\" \"antibiotic resistance\", and \"antibiotic stewardship.\" The review included clini-cal guidelines, RCTs, systematic reviews, and consensus statements in English, excluding duplicates, non-English articles, and irrelevant studies. The data were analyzed qualitatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antibiotic selection depends on infection severity, patient allergies, comorbidities, and local resistance patterns. For first-line treatment, amoxicillin or phenoxymethylpenicillin is recommended for 3-7 days. For penicillin-allergic patients, clindamycin or a macrolide is recommended. In severe cases, amoxicillin-clavulanate or intravenous options are advised. Prophylaxis is restricted to high-risk cases of Infective Endocarditis (IE). According to ADA, AAOMS, NICE, SDCEP, FDI, and IDA guidelines, narrow-spectrum antibiotics are preferred.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Primary measures involve source control, such as drainage and extraction, while antibi-otics serve as adjuncts. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is driven by overuse, but stewardship pro-grams (ASPs) and Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) help mitigate it through the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics, diagnostics, and education. There are gaps in rapid diagnostics and resistance surveillance in dentistry. Although guidelines emphasize prudent prescribing, they differ regionally.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining surgical source control with targeted antibiotics enhances outcomes while mitigating AMR. Prophylaxis is designated for patients at high risk of IE. Dentists should follow local antibiograms, educate patients, and implement stewardship to ensure the sustainable manage-ment of odontogenic infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}