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A Global Phenomenology of Whiteness: Turkey, Europe and Institutional Global Racism 全球白人现象学：土耳其、欧洲与制度性全球种族主义
Sociology Lens Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1111/johs.12470
Andrew Delatolla
{"title":"A Global Phenomenology of Whiteness: Turkey, Europe and Institutional Global Racism","authors":"Andrew Delatolla","doi":"10.1111/johs.12470","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12470","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Contemporary international institutions are often discussed as part of a new liberal international order and a departure from colonial logics of the nineteenth century. While some have discussed the ongoing dynamics of race within international institutions, few have explored whiteness as the positionality embedded in such institutions. This article argues that the racial logics embedded in most international institutions, throughout the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries, are developed in relation to the structures of experience and consciousness of whiteness that circumscribe notions of 'universality' and 'normalcy'. This renders whiteness as an invisible characteristic, or background knowledge and practice, to which racialisation occurs. Using the case of the Ottoman Empire's attempt to accede to the European group of 'civilised nations' and subsequent Turkish attempts to gain membership to the European Union, this article explores how a phenomenology of whiteness is historically produced and embedded as an orientating mechanism in international institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"37 3","pages":"312-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ideology and Education: Soviet Ideological Educational Practices in the Kyrgyz Territory (1924–1927) 意识形态与教育：吉尔吉斯斯坦领土上的苏联意识形态教育实践（1924-1927 年）
Sociology Lens Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1111/johs.12465
Yavuz Ercan Gül
{"title":"Ideology and Education: Soviet Ideological Educational Practices in the Kyrgyz Territory (1924–1927)","authors":"Yavuz Ercan Gül","doi":"10.1111/johs.12465","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12465","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to investigate the ideological propaganda applied by the Soviet Union in schools in Kyrgyzstan during 1924–1925. During these years, propaganda was used in its most widespread form in Kyrgyzstan and education became an ideological weapon. I use the document analysis technique for data collection and collected data by obtaining the necessary permissions from the Kyrgyzstan State Archive. The research focuses on the activities carried out by the Soviet Union to have the Soviet ideology adopted in the old tsarist schools and newly opened schools in Kyrgyzstan after the October Revolution. In addition, this study provides primary sources that are not found in the literature on the ideological educational practices of the Soviet administration in Kyrgyz schools. The Soviet administration prioritized the ideological training of teachers and trained them to transfer the Soviet values to students. The Soviet Union implemented a single educational program prepared by Soviet ideologues in schools throughout its territory. The educational content aimed to eliminate completely the national culture and old beliefs of societies. In addition to the education program, they renamed physical areas, such as school and street names, consistent with this ideology.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"37 3","pages":"411-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Man and embryo: Historicizing ideas about humanity in the study of reproduction, 18th–19th centuries 人与胚胎：18-19 世纪生殖研究中的人类历史化观念
Sociology Lens Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1111/johs.12460
Chiara Lacroix
{"title":"Man and embryo: Historicizing ideas about humanity in the study of reproduction, 18th–19th centuries","authors":"Chiara Lacroix","doi":"10.1111/johs.12460","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12460","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article is concerned with historicizing the idea that all people belong to a single collective of biological human beings. It analyzes implications and changes in the concept of “Man” over the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly in the study of reproduction and embryos. Examining gendered assumptions in 18th-century generation systems shows how these theories described the formation of male more than female embryos. This asymmetry matched the idea that only rational males, standing above nature, were determinant for the concept of Man. In the 19th century, new studies pushed Man closer to the rest of the natural world, provoking a readjustment in definitions of Man and understandings of the human embryo. However, far from equalizing humanity, the 19th-century concept of Man introduced a hierarchy in the human species based on different levels of embryonic and evolutionary development.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"37 3","pages":"329-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shaping the Professionality of Secondary Teacher Candidates with Diverse Backgrounds during the Great Depression 在大萧条时期塑造具有不同背景的中学教师候选人的专业性
Sociology Lens Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1111/johs.12461
Imre Garai
{"title":"Shaping the Professionality of Secondary Teacher Candidates with Diverse Backgrounds during the Great Depression","authors":"Imre Garai","doi":"10.1111/johs.12461","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12461","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper addresses the social transformation of the Hungarian secondary teacher candidates brought about by the combination of the effects of the Great Depression and the standardisation endeavours of the teacher training institution between 1930 and 1935. The reconfiguration of the social composition of candidates is revealed by making use of archival sources and statistical reports. Document analysis of archival sources, descriptive statistical analysis and secondary literature review are employed as the main methods. Notions related to the critical approach of professionalisation theories are applied in the interpretation process. Results suggest that the professional institution did not only prevent less affluent social strata from dropping out of training but contributed to their disappearance by introducing standardisation initiatives when the crisis was imminent. It contributed to the worsening of the teacher shortage and the abandonment of uniformization that set the whole profession on a deprofessionalisation course.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"37 3","pages":"393-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disaster Journalism Through a Political Economy Framework: An Analysis of the Turkish Press Coverage of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes 政治经济学框架下的灾难新闻报道：土耳其新闻界对 2023 年卡赫拉曼马拉什地震的报道分析
Sociology Lens Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/johs.12462
Bahar Kayıhan
{"title":"Disaster Journalism Through a Political Economy Framework: An Analysis of the Turkish Press Coverage of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes","authors":"Bahar Kayıhan","doi":"10.1111/johs.12462","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12462","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On February 6, 2023, devastating earthquakes of magnitude 7.8 and 7.6 struck the Kahramanmaraş region of southeastern Türkiye, affecting eleven Turkish provinces, killing more than 50,000 people, and collapsing or severely damaging approximately 300,000 structures. This study examines the coverage of the Kahramanmaraş earthquake in the Turkish press through a content analysis of news articles published in the 10 days following the earthquake. The aim of the study is to investigate the presence and manifestations of political bias in the news based on political economy theory. For this purpose, two newspapers representing opposing views, Sabah and Cumhuriyet, were selected. As a result, it was observed that both newspapers devoted a remarkably limited amount of their coverage to scientific data and needs. However, it was observed that there were significant differences between the two newspapers in terms of topics, photo preferences, news actors, accused persons, and representation of aid donors. In addition, economic and political biases were found in the media's portrayal of earthquakes. Cumhuriyet focused more on the negative, while Sabah focused more on the positive, emphasizing relief efforts that served to foster a sense of solidarity and shift the narrative away from negativity. In addition, the study observed an excessive focus on soccer players, showing that newspapers may prioritize such coverage to optimize profitability, suggesting a potential commercial agenda underlying news content decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"37 3","pages":"348-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Was Hannah Twynnoy Killed by a Tiger in England in 1703? A Historical Sociological Approach 汉娜-特温诺伊（Hannah Twynnoy）是否于 1703 年在英国被老虎咬死？历史社会学方法
Sociology Lens Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1111/johs.12464
Matthew David
{"title":"Was Hannah Twynnoy Killed by a Tiger in England in 1703? A Historical Sociological Approach","authors":"Matthew David","doi":"10.1111/johs.12464","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12464","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper approaches globalization through the lens of folk lore, myth, and John Law's hopeful monsters, focusing on Hannah Twynnoy, a woman allegedly killed by a tiger in Malmesbury (England) in 1703. Hannah's death was taken up three hundred years later as a metaphor for globalization when local factory jobs were relocated to a ‘tiger economy’ (Malaysia). Taken to manifest Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury's ‘state of nature’, Hannah's story also illustrates the reverse. Globalization can fragment and deregulate, but globalization assembles and regulates to. Hannah's gravestone and burial records blend real and virtual, local, and global; the genealogy of ‘tigers’ challenges Michel Foucault; and questions regarding blame echo across centuries, in ongoing conflict over agency and causation (as per Edmund Evans). Is globalisation a ‘jungle out there’? No. Local factory jobs did go. Nevertheless, sustaining global intellectual property regulation means the company employs more people in Malmesbury today than before manufacturing relocated. After it was announced that local jobs would be ‘eaten up’ by a ‘tiger economy’, a spate of alien big cat (ABC) sightings near Malmesbury did express what Susan Lepselter calls the inchoate injuries of class and power. Indeed, experiencing such fabulous things did resonate with something real.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"37 3","pages":"480-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A processual approach to community agriculture: Between structuralist and individualist explanations 社区农业的过程性方法：介于结构主义和个人主义解释之间
Sociology Lens Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1111/johs.12463
Irina Aguiari
{"title":"A processual approach to community agriculture: Between structuralist and individualist explanations","authors":"Irina Aguiari","doi":"10.1111/johs.12463","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12463","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Community agriculture describes the practice of land commoning for food production. Communitarian food systems are explained as determined by neoliberalisation for being either prompted by global processes of environmental degradation or dissolved in submerged networks of everyday politics. While consistent with neoliberal critiques, the article advocates for their historicization through a processual approach to community agriculture. The analysis builds on the historical-comparative scrutiny of land commoning in the Italian peninsula through the selection of secondary sources and draws a longue durée periodization from late antiquity to the present. Analytical results highlight three temporal macro-sequences of food transformations that contextualise structural and agential influences on communitarian food systems: delegation, privatisation, and commodification of food production. The historical trajectories of community agriculture in the Italian peninsula offer valuable insights into three key areas of debate and potential avenues for future research. The first concerns the divides between structure and agency, contentious and everyday politics; the article also contributes to classical analyses that emphasize the crucial role of food in capitalist development and finally, it advances the processual framework as an adaptable analytical tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"37 3","pages":"447-467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Writing like a Bourdieusian Scholar: From The Craft of Sociology to the Writing Patterns in Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 像布尔迪厄斯学者那样写作：从社会学技艺到《社会科学研究法》中的写作模式
Sociology Lens Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1111/johs.12458
Aurélien Boucher
{"title":"Writing like a Bourdieusian Scholar: From The Craft of Sociology to the Writing Patterns in Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales","authors":"Aurélien Boucher","doi":"10.1111/johs.12458","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12458","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper is a debate on why Bourdieusian scholars have never fully embraced the “Introduction/Literature review/Data &amp; methods/Results/Discussion” (ILDRD) article format which is mainstream in North American Sociological publications. This paper attempts to argue that Pierre Bourdieu, Jean-Claude Chamboredon, and Jean-Claude Passeron developed a different writing format – inspired by Gaston Bachelard's “applied rationalism” -- and which became more influential among French scholars. The Bourdieu inspired different writing patterns and reasoning, I argue, can be traced in the flagship journal Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales. This paper invites further debate on the differences in approaching article formats in the social sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"37 2","pages":"285-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Formula to Save Us (From Ourselves): Continuity and Change in the Spanish Legal Domination System (1959–2024) 拯救我们（从我们自身）的公式：西班牙法律统治体系的延续与变革（1959-2024 年）
Sociology Lens Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1111/johs.12459
Andrés Villena-Oliver, Alejandro Romero-Reche
{"title":"A Formula to Save Us (From Ourselves): Continuity and Change in the Spanish Legal Domination System (1959–2024)","authors":"Andrés Villena-Oliver,&nbsp;Alejandro Romero-Reche","doi":"10.1111/johs.12459","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12459","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper analyzes how a structure of Weberian rational domination has been built and consolidated in Spain since 1959, the year when the so-called Economic Stabilization Plan was approved. This sort of economic constitution represents one of the most important foundations of a technocratic regime that survived the death of a dictator (General Francisco Franco), not only transcending the traditional differentiations between autocratic and democratic regimes but also offering a different perspective to the debate about the degree of continuity and rupture attained by the Spanish political transition in the 1970s. We analyze the institutions, leadership, most influential networks, political discourse, and historical myths through a theory of power and elites to examine the Spanish case. With this remarkable example of structural transformation and institutional resilience over decades, we also propose a more complex and multidimensional approach that could be fruitful to understanding some of the problems of political representation that current democracies are undergoing.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"37 2","pages":"240-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“The Fate of England Rested With a 22 Year Old Boy” - Media Representations of the Youth and Childhood of King Alfred the Great "英格兰的命运掌握在一个 22 岁的男孩手中"--媒体对阿尔弗雷德大帝青年和童年的描述
Sociology Lens Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1111/johs.12451
Martine Mussies
{"title":"“The Fate of England Rested With a 22 Year Old Boy” - Media Representations of the Youth and Childhood of King Alfred the Great","authors":"Martine Mussies","doi":"10.1111/johs.12451","DOIUrl":"10.1111/johs.12451","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alfred the Great, the ninth-century King of Wessex, has been a popular subject of media representations, including scenes focused on his childhood. These representations, from paintings to contemporary Netflix series and fanfiction, have created an imagined past for Alfred that has contributed to his legendary status. This article seeks to explore the media representations of Alfred as a child, and the stories, themes, and messages conveyed in different mediums, with a special focus on 21st century online fan cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":101168,"journal":{"name":"Sociology Lens","volume":"37 1","pages":"149-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/johs.12451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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