Sociological and Political Origins in IBN Khaldun's State Theory

Abstract

Even after centuries, the social and political insights of Islamic scholar Ibn Khaldun remain pertinent. The most important concepts in state theory are social interactions and classifications. Khaldun used sociological deductions to evaluate how society and the state have changed. He linked the transformation of the Badavi social structure to the Hadari society's economic structure through Alm Al-Umran. In Badavi Alm Al-Umran, a particular chief's leadership is the cornerstone of governance, and a strong sense of unity and brotherhood prevails. From a social, cultural, and economic perspective, Badavi society is less developed than Hadari society. The reason Asabiyyahh and the lineage Asabiyyahh are two types of Asabiyyahh that serve as the cornerstone of state theory. While the reason Asabiyyahh is based on a country's shared language, history, culture, and physical location, the lineage Asabiyyahh is based on ancestry. Asabiyyahh is crucial to the maintaining and preserving of social ties. According to the organismic perspective of society, which views the social structure as a living organism, a reduction in economic and social upheaval signals the implosion of the condition. The fundamental dynamic that provides political legitimacy is the Asabiyyahh dynamic, which creates the social substructure of the state system. This study aims to assess the scientific concept of umran and the political idea of asabiyyahh, which are the foundations of Khaldun's state theory. Umran is a social phenomenon. This study applies the literature review approach to analyze Khaldun's state theory, paying particular attention to its political and administrative aspects. The political and administrative aspects of Khaldun's state theory are examined in this study using a literature review approach, focusing on how social structure integration or loosening affects the political structure.