Indoor Environments最新文献

{"title":"Evidence-based strategies for optimizing long-term temperature monitoring in offices","authors":"Peixian Li ,&nbsp;Xiangjun Zhao ,&nbsp;Siyan Wang ,&nbsp;Thomas Parkinson ,&nbsp;Richard de Dear ,&nbsp;Xing Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term monitoring of the thermal environment in office buildings has become increasingly relevant with the rise of wireless sensor networks. However, there is a notable absence of explicit guidelines for implementing monitoring strategies in such contexts. This lack of direction can lead to inconsistent deployment of sensor networks, resulting in higher maintenance costs and inaccurate long-term assessments of thermal conditions. Based on data analyses of high-accuracy, high-frequency field measurements conducted over a year or longer across multiple offices in Sydney and Shanghai, this study proposes a strategy for long-term temperature monitoring. The strategy advises practitioners to prioritize considerations such as air-conditioning type, room size, and space function when selecting \"representative\" sensor locations. Typically, sampling every 30 min is deemed adequate for shared offices where an error margin of ±0.5°C is acceptable. For environments with stable indoor temperatures, less frequent sampling intervals suffice. A power regression model tailored for offices equipped with central AC and no operable windows was developed to predict the maximum allowable sampling interval based on several days of indoor temperature monitoring in winter. Regarding monitoring duration, the study advocates a preferred sampling period of one year to comprehensively capture seasonal variations. Alternatively, a minimum monitoring period of four to six months commencing in late spring or early summer is identified as potentially sufficient. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing long-term thermal monitoring practices in offices and may contribute to expanding the scope of thermal comfort standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing indoor air quality and identifying factors influencing air quality at home microenvironment in Dhaka city","authors":"Afsana Yasmin ,&nbsp;Imran Ahmed ,&nbsp;Maria Haider ,&nbsp;Md. Kamal Hossain ,&nbsp;Mohammad Abdul Motalib ,&nbsp;Md. Shakhaoat Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In low- and middle-income countries, indoor air pollution stands as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality, prompting research into the factors influencing exposure at home in urban environments. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the indoor air quality and identifying factors influencing indoor air quality which help in targeting intervention to reduce indoor home air quality. The study conducted in Dhaka city involved 43 homes, where continuous monitoring of PM_2.5 concentration was carried out over a 24-h period. Various factors related to home characteristics (i.e., home area and cooking fuel type), ventilation practices (i.e., duration of window opening), and indoor activities (i.e., cooking frequency, daily average cooking duration per meal, cleaning, smoking and use of mosquito coil and spray) were assessed to explore their impact on indoor air quality. Through the multiple linear regression model, the relationship between the factors and indoor pollutant concentrations was analyzed. The average PM_2.5 concentration recorded in this investigation was five time higher in comparison to the World Health Organization's (WHO) 24-h guideline level for ambient air pollution. Four factors including outdoor air, home area, cooking duration and cleaning frequency were found to be significantly linked to indoor concentrations, collectively explaining 64 % of the variability in indoor PM_2.5 levels. Outdoor air infiltration emerged as the most influential predictor of indoor levels, contributing significantly to indoor concentrations. The identified factors could assist in targeting interventions to reduce microenvironmental PM_2.5 concentration at home.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dust loading on the long-term performance of portable HEPA air cleaner to woodsmoke – A laboratory investigation","authors":"Ching-Hsuan Huang,&nbsp;Ningrui Liu,&nbsp;Jeffry Shirai,&nbsp;Martin Cohen,&nbsp;Elena Austin,&nbsp;Edmund Seto","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Portable air cleaners (PACs) equipped with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters are recommended to reduce indoor particulate matter (PM) exposure from wildfire smoke, particularly in regions like the Pacific Northwest, where seasonal wildfires affect air quality. While many studies have evaluated the long-term effectiveness of HEPA PACs, few have focused on the effects of dust loading and their performance in filtering woodsmoke over extended periods. This study investigated the impact of filter dust loading on the performance of a HEPA PAC (Winix C535, Winix America) in reducing woodsmoke particles. Filters were pre-loaded with varying amounts of ASHRAE ISO 12103–1 A2 fine test dust, and an exposure chamber was used to assess clean air delivery rate (CADR), airflow rate, and power consumption. Results indicated a significant decline in PAC performance with increasing filter loading, highlighting the importance of regular filter replacements to maintain effective operation. Based on simulations considering dynamic indoor PM_2.5 concentration, in a typical scenario with a 90-m² room, baseline PM_2.5 emission rates, and continuous operation at fan speed Level 2 (5-year mean indoor PM_2.5: 2.99 μg/m³), it would take over 5 years for the PAC filters to accumulate 46 g of dust – an amount associated with a significant drop in CADR observed in the study. These findings suggest that the commonly recommended 1-year replacement schedule by manufacturers may be overly conservative for such conditions. By utilizing indoor air quality sensors to monitor PM concentrations, users can tailor filter replacement schedules to maintain optimal PAC performance in real-world environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) emission rates from new and old rain jackets to air determined by iodide high-resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometry","authors":"Clara M.A. Eichler ,&nbsp;Michael J. Davern ,&nbsp;Jason D. Surratt ,&nbsp;Glenn C. Morrison ,&nbsp;Barbara J. Turpin","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which include fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), are synthetic chemicals used in consumer products because of their water-, stain-, and grease-repellent properties; thus, PFAS are commonly found in functional clothing such as rain jackets. To date, emissions of PFAS from products to indoor air have not been well characterized, although many PFAS-containing products are used and stored indoors. We used a test chamber connected to a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer equipped with iodide as a reagent ion (I-HR-ToF-CIMS) to measure emission rates for four FTOHs from 10 rain jackets and one backpack cover. The materials were categorized as old/used, new, or “PFAS-free”, and they were tested under two different scenarios, i.e., immediately out of package and after airing out. We observed real-time FTOH emissions from all materials. Under the out-of-package scenario, emissions of 6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 FTOH showed characteristics that indicate mass transfer is limited by internal diffusion, with a high initial peak followed by a lower steady-state emission rate. Peak emission rates correlated well with material-phase concentrations determined by an offline extractive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Our results further suggest that the old, used jackets had, on average, higher peak emission rates and higher material-phase concentrations than the new jackets, largely driven by 8:2 FTOH. “PFAS-free” materials had the overall lowest emission rates and material-phase concentrations. After airing out, emission rates were on average an order of magnitude lower than peak emission rates. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering consumer products like rain jackets as sources of indoor exposure to PFAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An architectural design framework to promote healthy indoor-outdoor connections in Arctic housing","authors":"Tarlan Abazari ,&nbsp;André Potvin ,&nbsp;Claude M.H. Demers ,&nbsp;Louis Gosselin","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research proposes biophilic intermediate spaces as a promising architectural solution to improve indoor-outdoor connections, occupant well-being, and energy efficiency in Arctic housing. Basic examples of intermediate spaces in Arctic housing models include porches and vestibules. However, the architecture of these spaces has not yet been optimized to adress extreme climatic conditions and occupants’ needs. Therefore, this research develops an architectural design framework to optimize the architecture of intermediate spaces for Arctic housing to meet occupants’ well-being needs and improve housing energy efficiency. The research methodology combines an archetypal approach, exploratory case study analysis, and scoping literature review. The archetypal study examines the historical development of Canadian Arctic housing models in Nunavut, revealing the typological evolution, features, potentials, and deficiencies of intermediate spaces in the Arctic. The study identifies of the main design variables and performance indicators of intermediate spaces corresponding to healthy and positive indoor-outdoor connections, thermal and visual comfort, and energy efficiency. A conceptual model of an intermediate space is then simulated as an exploratory case study for a public Canadian Arctic residential building. The architectural design framework is established based on findings from the literature, archetypal studies of Arctic housing, and simulation results of an integrated model for an intermediate space and a public Arctic housing model in Nunavut. The proposed framework includes main architectural variables such as physical adjacency, material, orientation, space depth, and transparency ratio which impact thermal, lighting, and energy performance. This design framework can serve as a reference for creating policies and decision-making processes that integrate biophilic intermediate spaces with Arctic building practices, contributing to Canada's strategic plan for energy efficiency and vegetable production in the Arctic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in the perception of the indoor environment: Findings from residential buildings in a nordic climate","authors":"Theofanis Psomas ,&nbsp;Paul O.’ Sullivan ,&nbsp;Pavlos Kolias ,&nbsp;Adam O.’ Donovan ,&nbsp;Pawel Wargocki","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current research suggests gender (“sex assigned at birth”) differences with respect to indoor environmental conditions, indicating females are more critical and demanding towards satisfaction and preferences. The present paper analyzes the results of a subsample of a national survey completed in 375 representative dwellings in Sweden. The survey collected information on twelve comfort factors and satisfaction aspects concerning thermal comfort, indoor air quality, acoustic comfort, satisfaction with daylight, size, standard, layout, appearance, well-being, cost, and neighborhood. Advanced statistical analyses were used to investigate whether the responses of occupants experiencing similar indoor conditions (cohabitation) were different with respect to gender. The analysis did not observe any significant gender differences with respect to the ratings of indoor environments in dwellings. Males reported slightly higher satisfaction, while thermal and acoustic comfort exhibited the highest gender variability. Satisfaction aspects were generally very high, with the costs and acoustic comfort registering the highest levels of dissatisfaction. Additional analyses across various building characteristics and individual attributes (variables levels) confirmed no differences. Several hypotheses were put up to explain these results, including the extreme climatic conditions and the collaborative use of dwellings. The findings suggest that Swedish dwelling designs can provide some best practice guidance for stakeholders and practitioners elsewhere in similar climatic conditions. Future studies should confirm the present observations and the social and cultural aspects of the findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical model to predict the mass loading of air cleaners in typical indoor environments and to estimate the service interval from standardized filter loading tests","authors":"Stefan Schumacher,&nbsp;Christof Asbach","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For indoor air cleaners, especially those using electret filters, it is known that the clean air delivery rate (CADR) can strongly decrease over time due to loading of the filters with particles. Standardized tests like in GB/T 18801 are used to determine the mass of test aerosol particles leading to a reduction of the initial CADR by 50 % (cumulative clean mass), but this method does not allow to draw conclusions on when this reduction is reached in a typical indoor environment. However, a good estimate would help manufactures to give reasonable recommendations in which intervals a service of the air cleaner becomes necessary. Therefore, we developed an analytical model including the most relevant parameters of a typical indoor environment and assumed different courses for the time-dependent decay of the CADR. We show that consistent estimates for the service interval can be derived, which do only slightly depend on the exact choice of the model. However, we partially find pronounced differences between scenarios dominated by either indoor or outdoor sources. We compare the new model to the model of GB/T 18801 and show that the standard overestimates the service interval for a given set of parameters by about 30 %. We finally propose a method for estimating the service interval from only one loading and one discharging step and give perspectives for further applications of the model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of bedroom environment on average heart rate during sleep in temperate regions: A nonlinear analysis of annual variations in healthy males in their twenties with average BMI","authors":"Noriaki Oota ,&nbsp;Yasuki Yamauchi ,&nbsp;Gota Iwase ,&nbsp;Masaru Abuku ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Hiraguri","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Models obtained in our previous studies were adapted from a linear model. In these models, the operative temperature has a positive coefficient with respect to the average heart rate during sleep (SHR) in summer and a negative coefficient in winter. Therefore, there are limitations to using linear models to examine annual variations. This study attempted nonlinear modeling and conducted an analysis. The participants were nine healthy males in their twenties, with an average body mass index, living in a temperate region. The objective variable was SHR. The explanatory variables were the body movement rate during sleep (BM), room temperature, radiant temperature, bed microclimate temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration. In addition, the interaction effects between the bed microclimate temperature and CO₂ concentration were considered because they showed significant correlations in the linear model. Results showed that the BM and SHR exhibited a positive linear correlation throughout the year. Radiant temperature showed a higher importance than room temperature in winter, as evaluated by permutation importance. SHR was lowest when room and radiant temperatures were approximately 25 [℃] to 26 [℃]; under higher or lower temperatures, the SHR increased. Additionally, when temperatures fell below 10 [℃], the trend shifted to a positive correlation. Bed microclimate temperature and SHR showed a positive correlation when exceeding 30 [℃]. The CO₂ concentration and SHR exhibited a positive correlation below 1000 [ppm] during autumn and winter. Overall, a greater understanding of how environmental conditions affect SHR could enable the design of environments that promote a lower heart rate during sleep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methanol and ethanol in indoor environments","authors":"William W Nazaroff ,&nbsp;Charles J. Weschler","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although rarely the subject of focused research, methanol (CH₃OH) and ethanol (C₂H₅OH) are among the most abundant organic compounds in indoor air. We review the state of knowledge about these alcohols as constituents of indoor air, first summarizing their physical, chemical, biological, and toxicological characteristics. Central tendencies of concentrations measured in ordinary indoor environments are 35 ppb for methanol (median; mean = 34 ppb) and 44 ppb for ethanol (median; mean = 163 ppb), much higher than in outdoor air. Concentration variability can be large both among indoor environments and over time within a given environment. Indoor ethanol concentrations above 1 ppm have been reported. Emissions from occupants contribute substantially to indoor concentrations. Other important indoor sources of methanol include wooden building materials and furnishings. Methanol emissions indoors exhibit substantial increases with increasing temperature. Indoor ethanol concentrations are strongly influenced by episodic emission events, including cooking, cleaning activities, and alcoholic beverage consumption. Homogeneous oxidation pathways appear slow as a removal mechanism relative to ventilation. Evidence regarding the importance of sorption to indoor surfaces is not fully resolved, with known sorptive reservoirs indicating little importance of this process, but a variable-ventilation experiment suggesting substantial reversible sorption for ethanol. Photocatalytic oxidation devices, intended to control indoor levels of volatile organic compounds, have a demonstrated tendency to convert ethanol to acetaldehyde, a more toxic indoor air contaminant. Ethanol transported outdoors from indoor sources may contribute to urban and regional photochemical smog.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized low-cost thermal comfort monitoring using IoT technologies","authors":"Carlos Chillón Geck ,&nbsp;Hayder Alsaad ,&nbsp;Conrad Voelker ,&nbsp;Kay Smarsly","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal comfort plays an essential role in the well-being and productivity of occupants. Typically, thermal comfort is assessed either through surveys completed by building occupants or through sensor data that is analyzed using thermal comfort models. Automating comfort surveys and data collection processes reduce the risk of information loss, providing more accurate and personalized thermal comfort assessments over longer periods of time. To this end, this paper presents the design and implementation of a thermal comfort monitoring system consisting of low-cost hardware components and using IoT technologies. The system consists of intelligent wireless sensor nodes that collect and process environmental data, a portable main station that integrates and stores data, and a digital survey that provides feedback from building occupants. To ensure accuracy, the low-cost hardware components of the intelligent sensor nodes are calibrated in a climate chamber, using high-precision sensors for reference. After calibration, the system is deployed in a field test where several intelligent sensor nodes collect environmental data in an office, while occupants complete the digital thermal comfort survey. In addition, thermal comfort indexes are computed by the intelligent sensor nodes and compared with the feedback of each building occupant. The results indicate that the low-cost thermal comfort monitoring system successfully collects and integrates thermal comfort data from the intelligent sensor nodes and the digital survey, being able to create personalized thermal comfort profiles. In future work, the system can be used in large-scale thermal comfort surveys, to develop personalized thermal comfort models and to control personalized comfort systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000456/pdfft?md5=f465ce9e832ee4d188392afadcd04acb&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000456-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}