Indoor Environments最新文献

Indoor carbon dioxide – Ventilation, indoor air quality and human health 室内二氧化碳-通风，室内空气质量和人体健康

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100152

Andrew Persily, Liangzhu Leon Wang, Maria Justo Alonso, Chang Shu

引用次数: 0

The role of natural ventilation in long-range airborne transmission in a hospital respiratory ward: A Monte Carlo simulation 自然通风在医院呼吸病房远距离空气传播中的作用：蒙特卡罗模拟

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100153

Alexander J. Edwards , Marco-Felipe King , Martín López-García , Daniel Peckham , Catherine J. Noakes

{"title":"The role of natural ventilation in long-range airborne transmission in a hospital respiratory ward: A Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"Alexander J. Edwards , Marco-Felipe King , Martín López-García , Daniel Peckham , Catherine J. Noakes","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) is a well-established framework for assessing the risk of airborne transmission. However, deterministic approaches fail to identify the relative importance of variable factors affecting infection risk such as natural ventilation. In this work, a QMRA model of a naturally ventilated UK hospital respiratory ward is extended using a Monte Carlo simulation, incorporating stochastic effects. The model couples transient airflow data from a network-based ventilation model, CONTAM, with an airborne infection model. The stochasticity allows for the variation of the infectiousness of the infector, accounting for population heterogeneity, and weather on the day of the outbreak, influencing airflow and natural ventilation. Results show that effects of external weather conditions on indoor airflow dominate infection risk outcomes (i.e., particular days experience inherently high or low risk), regardless of the infector’s infectiousness. This is predominantly driven by the wind direction and, consequently, inter-zonal indoor airflow patterns. Results demonstrate the complexity of natural ventilation, with higher ventilation rates not always leading to decreased infection risk but instead, increasing the transport of infectious pathogens between zones and therefore, exposure. The interplay between natural and mechanical ventilation is also explored. This work highlights nuances present when assessing outbreaks and further highlights the complex role that indoor airflow and ventilation play in long-range airborne transmission. By extending existing QMRA models to include stochastic effects, it is possible to investigate a wider range of scenarios and thus, provide a more realistic quantification of infection risk and the factors that affect airborne transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in lighting influence emissions of microbial volatile organic compounds from fungi in house dust 光照的变化影响室内灰尘中真菌的微生物挥发性有机化合物的排放

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100145

Benjamin Marshall , Amanda Stickney , Karen C. Dannemiller , Atila Novoselac , Juan Pedro Maestre , Kerry Kinney , Pawel K. Misztal

{"title":"Changes in lighting influence emissions of microbial volatile organic compounds from fungi in house dust","authors":"Benjamin Marshall , Amanda Stickney , Karen C. Dannemiller , Atila Novoselac , Juan Pedro Maestre , Kerry Kinney , Pawel K. Misztal","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) have been linked to adverse respiratory symptoms in building occupants, yet the factors influencing MVOC emissions indoors remain poorly understood. This study examined changes in MVOC emissions from four common household fungal species (<em>Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum nigrum, Cladosporium cladosporioides,</em> and <em>Rhodotorula mucilaginosa</em>) in response to alternating light and dark conditions. Light exposure increased emissions of specific compounds, most notably isoprene, acetaldehyde, pyruvic acid, and 1-octen-3-ol (“mushroom alcohol”), while reducing emissions of glycerol, without significantly affecting total VOC concentrations (p < 0.01). Samples at relative humidity below 80 %, a threshold typically required for sustained fungal growth, exhibited the most pronounced light-induced changes. Isoprene emissions increased rapidly (10–20 % within minutes) and at concentrations above detection limits of current sensors. All species tested emitted more isoprene under light than in darkness. These findings suggest that light exposure influences fungal VOC profiles and may offer a basis for detecting metabolically active fungi in indoor environments. Further research is needed to evaluate practical applications for fungal detection and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perception of discomfort glare in relation to the CIE Unified Glare Rating scale (UGR) and the impact of ambient light on both UGR and Subjective Glare Indexes (SGIs) 与CIE统一眩光评级量表（UGR）相关的不适眩光感知以及环境光对UGR和主观眩光指数（sgi）的影响

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100149

Zeynep Ekim Olsson , Tommy Govén , Madeleine Selvander , Thorbjörn Laike , Klas Sjöberg

{"title":"Perception of discomfort glare in relation to the CIE Unified Glare Rating scale (UGR) and the impact of ambient light on both UGR and Subjective Glare Indexes (SGIs)","authors":"Zeynep Ekim Olsson , Tommy Govén , Madeleine Selvander , Thorbjörn Laike , Klas Sjöberg","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Unified Glare Rating (UGR) method defined by the International Commission on Illumination is practically the only one used for evaluation of discomfort glare in the lighting design process. However, it is unclear if this method aligns with subjective discomfort glare measures using subjective glare indexes (SGIs). We compared calculated UGR values with commonly used subjective discomfort glare scales across five common office lighting systems. In a controlled laboratory setting with three studies, fifty-nine participants evaluated the degree of perceived discomfort from the selected lighting systems. The findings indicate that classical SGIs were not consistent with UGR values and individual factors (age, sex and emotional state) can influence the discomfort sensitivity. Furthermore, the findings provide new insights into how ambient light levels and viewing direction affect both calculated discomfort glare and perceived discomfort glare. Collectively, these findings deepen the understanding of discomfort glare and underscore the need to refine glare evaluation methods, with direct implications for office lighting design and standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gas-phase chemical transfer through heat and energy recovery ventilators 通过热和能量回收通风机的气相化学传递

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100160

Bryan C. Berman , Michael F. Link , Andrew M. Shore , Benjamin A. Nault , Benjamin S. Werden , Brian P. Dougherty , Michael S. Waring , Peter F. DeCarlo , Dustin G. Poppendieck

{"title":"Gas-phase chemical transfer through heat and energy recovery ventilators","authors":"Bryan C. Berman , Michael F. Link , Andrew M. Shore , Benjamin A. Nault , Benjamin S. Werden , Brian P. Dougherty , Michael S. Waring , Peter F. DeCarlo , Dustin G. Poppendieck","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat and Energy Recovery Ventilators (HRVs and ERVs) improve the energy efficiency of mechanical ventilation, but concerns exist that ERVs may also transfer water-soluble chemical contaminants, impacting indoor air quality. In this study, we tested ventilator units with two different stationary cores; a HRV core, which transfers sensible heat across supply and exhaust air streams, and an ERV core, which transfers both latent and sensible heat. We measured formaldehyde (HCHO) and formic acid (HCOOH) in the supply, return, exhaust, and outside ducts of a residential test facility from December 2024 through April 2025 at various duct flow rates to quantify possible transfer across the stationary cores. Additionally, we measured ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) for several days in December 2024. Our results show that these chemicals do not transfer across the HRV core but may transfer across the ERV core. Moisture and chemical transfer across the ERV core were affected by the climate regime and ventilation air flow rate. The contaminant’s solubility in water (i.e. Henry’s law constant) additionally influenced chemical transfer across the ERV core. Modeling shows that switching from an HRV to an ERV can contribute to a 5.5–15 % and 19–37 % increase in indoor HCHO and HCOOH concentrations, respectively but also contribute to a total yearly, whole house energy savings of 2.0–4.7 % (depending on flow rate).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the effects of schema and cognitive representations on occupants perceived thermal comfort 图式和认知表征对居住者热舒适感知影响的评价

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100156

Tosin Omoya , Aline Barlet , Thomas Recht , Denis Bruneau

{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of schema and cognitive representations on occupants perceived thermal comfort","authors":"Tosin Omoya , Aline Barlet , Thomas Recht , Denis Bruneau","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study is to propose a method that can evaluates the psychological components of thermal comfort. It involves the enhancement of some thermal comfort models, with the objective of linking the qualitative components of these models to their quantifiable counterparts, so that the magnitude of the psychological components can be evaluated and predicted. Two models are considered, the first is a qualitative-psychological model that explores the links between the cognitive signals when incoming thermal stimuli is being processed in the human cognitive system. The second, is an adaptive model that quantifies the adaptive factor of the occupants and their psychological coefficient parameter. Thus, an enhanced psychological model is therefore proposed in this study. This model is generated by infusing the characteristics and influence of schema and cognitive representations into the cognitive process of occupants’ thermal evaluations. This is done by expatiating the processes involved in the categorization and coordination of information in the occupant’s memory; the interpretation of thermal stimuli by the human cognitive system. Afterwards, the components of schema and representations in this proposed model are linked to the magnitude and evolutions of the adaptive factor and psychological coefficient of the adaptive model. Hence, a method is proposed to evaluate and predict the effects of schema and cognitive representations in perceived thermal comfort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CFD study on performance of portable air cleaner on infection risk and draught rate in care homes 便携式空气净化器性能对养老院感染风险和通风率的CFD研究

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100151

Yik Chirt Teoh , Jonas Anund Vogel , Sasan Sadrizadeh , Annika Gram

{"title":"CFD study on performance of portable air cleaner on infection risk and draught rate in care homes","authors":"Yik Chirt Teoh , Jonas Anund Vogel , Sasan Sadrizadeh , Annika Gram","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During the COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly population experienced disproportionately high mortality rates, with care homes reporting significantly elevated casualties. Care homes constitute a unique built environment with combined elements of healthcare and residential facilities, yet they remain underexplored in ventilation and infection risk research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present study employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to investigate the performance of portable air cleaner (PAC) on infection risk and impact on draught rate. Different placements of PAC were investigated to evaluate the impact on infection risk and draught rate. A modified Wells-Riley model was used to evaluate infection risk, and the draught rate was evaluated by using Fanger’s draught rate model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings reveal that PAC can reduce infection risk (reduction of 75 %-86 %) and achieve an acceptable draught rate (< 10 %). However, three cases showed that improper PAC placement failed to significantly reduce infection risk. Different placements of PAC resulted in distinct airflow patterns and led to 74 % variation of infection risk, highlighting the importance of strategic deployment. Placing PAC closer to susceptible individuals, such as the elderly, resulted in a low infection risk. Placing PAC in the centre of the room led to the lowest infection risk but impractical due to tripping hazards.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study demonstrates that the deployment of PAC in care homes can deliver a promising reduction in infection risk with an acceptable draught rate. Placement of PAC requires thorough consideration such as guidance by numerical simulations to deliver intended infection risk reduction without compromising draught rate and practicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of floor plan retrofit methods to reduce thermal health risks for low thermal performance houses in humid subtropical climate of Japan 在日本潮湿的亚热带气候条件下，降低低热性能房屋热健康风险的平面改造方法的发展

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100155

Ayaka Kani , Ineko Tanaka

{"title":"Development of floor plan retrofit methods to reduce thermal health risks for low thermal performance houses in humid subtropical climate of Japan","authors":"Ayaka Kani , Ineko Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to the Japanese government, 90 % of the existing housing in Japan is poorly insulated and does not meet the current insulation standards. Poor thermal performance in housing affects the risk of heat-related illness among older adults in summer. In winter, it increases indoor temperature differences, thereby elevating the risk of bath-related acute cardiovascular events. Retrofitting is desirable to reduce thermal health risks in both seasons. However, insulation retrofits have not been widely implemented in Japan because of their high costs. Therefore, this study focuses on combining retrofitting to improve the thermal environment with floor plan modifications, which are generally implemented in response to life stage changes in Japan. In our previous work, we have proposed floor plan retrofit methods to reduce winter thermal health risk. However, summer health risks also need to be considered because elevated indoor temperatures have been associated with heat-related illness among older adults. This study aims to develop new retrofit methods for reducing thermal health risks in summer and winter through floor plan modifications. Numerical simulations using a generic detached-house model showed that, on the hottest day, the toilet room temperature in the proposed model was 4 K lower than in the original model. Furthermore, when additional measures to reduce west-facing solar heat gains were incorporated into the winter-optimised floor plan, thermal health risks in both seasons decreased compared with the original model. These results indicate that the proposed retrofit methods are effective in reducing thermal health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysing longitudinal indoor air quality data: robust principal component analysis of the “Schools’ Air quality Monitoring for Health and Education” timeseries data 纵向室内空气质量数据分析：“学校健康和教育空气质量监测”时间序列数据的稳健主成分分析

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100146

Alice E.E. Handy, Samuel G.A. Wood, Henry C. Burridge, SAMHE Project Consortium

{"title":"Analysing longitudinal indoor air quality data: robust principal component analysis of the “Schools’ Air quality Monitoring for Health and Education” timeseries data","authors":"Alice E.E. Handy, Samuel G.A. Wood, Henry C. Burridge, SAMHE Project Consortium","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A robust principal component analysis examining two-years of monitored data from within 143 UK schools as part of the “Schools’ Air quality Monitoring for Health and Education” dataset sheds new light on the temporal and geographical trends that influence the schools’ air quality. Minutely concentration measurements of two indoor air quality markers, particulate matter and carbon dioxide, were analysed. Significant inter-school variations were evident in both species but the primary source of variations within the particulate matter concentrations were temporal trends. Analysis links these temporal trends to variations in outdoor particulate matter concentrations — highlighting the importance of outdoor air quality for the air quality in UK schools. Moreover, clear geographical signatures are identified within the particulate matter concentrations in schools, broadly increasing both South–North and East–West; with more subtle but intelligible trends overlaid within each. Analysis of the carbon dioxide data identifies variations on a range of time scales from seasonal trends, associated with the changing levels of ventilation as UK schools open their windows less in cooler wintertime conditions, down to inter-day variations as carbon dioxide levels increase during the school morning. This study provides the first evidence as to the insights that can be gained when large-scale longitudinal monitoring of indoor spaces, in this case schools, is carried out. The insights that were determined from analysis of two-years of data from the SAMHE schools could not have been realised by analysis of smaller datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Common respiratory infections in the workplace: An often-neglected occupational health priority 工作场所常见的呼吸道感染：一个经常被忽视的职业健康优先事项

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100159

Lars Andrup

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