Indoor Environments最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Ventilation characteristics in a hospital where a COVID-19 outbreak occurred in the winter of 2020” [Indoor Environ. 2 (2025) 100065]","authors":"Motoya Hayashi , Sayaka Murata , Koki Kikuta","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing Bayesian inference on a stochastic CO2-based grey-box model","authors":"Shujie Yan ,&nbsp;Jiwei Zou ,&nbsp;Chang Shu ,&nbsp;Justin Berquist ,&nbsp;Vincent Brochu ,&nbsp;Marc Veillette ,&nbsp;Danlin Hou ,&nbsp;Caroline Duchaine ,&nbsp;Liang (Grace) Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang (John) Zhai ,&nbsp;Liangzhu (Leon) Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic brought global attention to indoor air quality (IAQ), which increases public’s awareness on monitoring indoor ventilation conditions significantly. Indoor CO₂ monitoring has been widely accepted as an effective way for indicating IAQ conditions, attributed to its close relationships with indoor air change rates. However, real-time estimation of air change rates or CO₂ emission rates from CO₂ measurement data remains challenging due to uncertainties in factors like random air movements, dynamic conditions (e.g., weather and occupancy), and the limitations of deterministic equations. This study addresses these challenges by applying Bayesian inference to a stochastic CO₂-based grey-box model, enabling the accurate estimation of ventilation and CO₂ emission rates while accounting for uncertainty. The model’s accuracy and robustness were validated through CO₂ tracer gas experiments, employing constant injection and decay methods in a large-scale aerosol chamber. Both prior and posterior predictive checks (PPC) were performed to verify this approach. The approach proposed by this study improves the interpretation of CO₂ monitoring data, thereby facilitating the future real-time IAQ management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143219429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 levels and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in public schools: A retrospective cohort study in Montreal (Canada)","authors":"Olivier Séguin ,&nbsp;Dorra Ghorbal ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Denault ,&nbsp;Karine Trudeau ,&nbsp;Patrick Poulin ,&nbsp;Catherine Dea ,&nbsp;Stéphane Perron","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scientific evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted primarily through close contact with susceptible individuals and that the risk of transmission increases during prolonged exposure in confined, inadequately ventilated and densely occupied spaces. In response to concerns related to inadequate ventilation for students and staff, CO₂ concentrations were measured in all of Montreal’s public elementary and high schools during winter of 2020–21. This study aims to evaluate the associations between ventilation system types, mid-class CO₂ concentrations and SARS-CoV-2 transmission amongst Montreal's public school’s attendees during the 2020–2021 school year. Data on building ventilation types, CO₂ measurements and school characteristics such as total enrollment and socioeconomic status (SES), were sourced from Ministry of Education’s administrative data for the 2020–2021 school year. During this pandemic period, the Montreal Public Health Department investigated COVID-19 cases among students and staff in public elementary and high schools, gradually developing a regional database of school cases and outbreaks from intervention files. Negative binomial regression models were employed to examine associations between mid-class CO₂ concentrations and COVID-19 incidence rates for both total cases and those acquired within schools. Regression models were adjusted for school types, neighborhood COVID-19 incidence rates and school SES. The mid-class CO₂ concentration<del>s</del> median was 1050 ppm in the 384 school buildings. CO₂ concentrations were associated with ventilation systems, with schools using natural ventilation exhibiting higher concentrations compared to three other types of mechanical ventilation. No positive association was observed between the incidence rates of school-acquired cases and higher mid-class CO₂ concentrations in both unadjusted and adjusted models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognition, economic decision-making, and physiological response to carbon dioxide","authors":"Stefan Flagner ,&nbsp;Thomas Meissner ,&nbsp;Steffen Künn ,&nbsp;Piet Eichholtz ,&nbsp;Nils Kok ,&nbsp;Rick Kramer ,&nbsp;Wouter van Marken-Lichtenbelt ,&nbsp;Cynthia Ly ,&nbsp;Guy Plasqui","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the isolated effect of carbon dioxide on cognition, economic decision-making, and the physiological response in healthy adults. The experiment took place in an air-tight respiration chamber controlling the environmental conditions. In a single-blind, within-subject study design, 20 healthy participants were exposed to artificially induced carbon dioxide concentrations of 3,000 ppm and 900 ppm in randomized order, with each exposure lasting for 8 h. A high ventilation rate and an air pollutant filter were used to keep concentrations of volatile organic compounds and fine particles equally low in both conditions. Cognition tests were conducted twice during the 8 h and physiological parameters were measured continuously over the 8 h. No evidence on a robust statistically significant effect of carbon dioxide on either cognitive or physiological outcome variables were found. These findings imply that the human body is able to deal with exposure to indoor carbon dioxide concentration of 3,000 ppm for a limited time without suffering significant cognitive decline, changes in decision-making or showing any physiological response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Towards equitable and sustainable indoor air quality guidelines – A perspective on mandating indoor air quality for public buildings” [Indoor Environ. 2 1 (2025) 100070]","authors":"Ulla Haverinen-Shaughnessy ,&nbsp;Marzenna R. Dudzinska ,&nbsp;Samy Clinchard ,&nbsp;Sani Dimitroulopoulou ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Fan ,&nbsp;Piet Jacobs ,&nbsp;Henna Maula ,&nbsp;Amelia Staszowska ,&nbsp;Oluyemi Toyinbo ,&nbsp;Ju-Hyeong Park","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclone negative pressure pump for efficient purification of airborne contaminants","authors":"Gihyun Song ,&nbsp;Kyungcheol Jang ,&nbsp;Woobin Song ,&nbsp;Wonchul Choi ,&nbsp;Simon Song ,&nbsp;Hyoungsoo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintaining an isolation room with negative pressure is crucial in medical facilities to prevent the spread of airborne infections, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, conventional negative pressure pumps have limitations in gathering suspended particles and controlling the airflow effectively. To resolve this issue, we developed a novel class of negative pressure pump that creates a swirling cyclone flow at the front to efficiently collect pollutants and particles, which was confirmed by a smoke visualization experiment. Based on the prototype pump, we conducted a numerical analysis to evaluate the particle collection performance of the cyclone pump in various scenarios, including patients covered with contaminants, and coughing or breathing. Our results demonstrate that the cyclone pump can purify airborne pollutants by up to 80%, offering superior performance over conventional pumps. We also identified optimal pump placement for effective particle purification. This research provides an innovative solution for improving the efficiency of negative pressure pumps and ventilation systems in medical settings, contributing to better control of airborne infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dwelling overheating in risk in cool climates: Assessing the risk in the context of retrofit and climate change in Ireland","authors":"M. Mulville ,&nbsp;S. Harrington ,&nbsp;C. Li ,&nbsp;K. Raushan ,&nbsp;E. Essien-Thompson ,&nbsp;C. Ahern","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of large-scale retrofit and the predicted impacts of climate change, overheating risk in dwellings in cool climates is an increasing cause for concern. This review-based paper, supported by Dynamic Simulation Modelling, explores the magnitude of overheating risk in dwellings in a cool climate, identifying and quantifying dwelling typologies most at risk. Key contributory factors to overheating, including typology and characteristics, specification and design (including the role of retrofit), internal factors and occupant activities and external conditions are reviewed and existing regulatory frameworks assessed, to highlight potential limitations. Building upon this, the paper makes the case for the use of robust Dynamic Simulation Modelling supported by localised weather files accounting for the Urban Heat Island effect and occupant behaviour. In addition, the paper, for the first time, reviews the future building simulation weather files from Ireland’s National Meteorological service highlighting the potential impact of climate change on overheating projections. The files predict increased ambient temperatures and solar radiation along with a shift in the peak design month (from July to August), with reductions in mean wind speeds over time. Unlike other climate locations, the diurnal temperature swing into the future is not predicted to reduce, supporting the use of thermal mass to mitigate overheating. Middle, top-floor apartments and compact dwellings are at increased overheating risk as are more modern (thermally) or deep retrofitted dwellings. For Ireland, up to 10 % of the existing occupied stock may be at risk of overheating, potentially impacting upon 519,200 individuals. This percentage is likely to increase over time. The findings have implications for housing in cool climates where large investments are being made in national retrofit strategies that could exacerbate the problem if not considered alongside overheating mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetries in global building envelope air infiltration and tightness data: Exploring knowledge gaps for accurate energy analyses","authors":"Rana Raafat ,&nbsp;Sherif Goubran ,&nbsp;Nahla N. Makhlouf ,&nbsp;Mohsen Aboulnaga","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air infiltration is one of the leading causes of energy loss and heat gain in indoor building spaces. It significantly burdens energy use for heating and cooling, affects indoor comfort and air quality, and increases CO2 emissions, intensifying climate change. While extensive field test results have been reported in the literature, this paper aims to investigate the comprehensiveness of this published data. The research synthesizes published field test data from more than 60 sources to provide benchmark infiltration values for different building typologies, construction methods, and climate zones. Additionally, climate data estimates the average energy burden of infiltration across various climate zones. The analysis highlights critical gaps in envelope infiltration data collection for non-residential buildings and significant gaps in geographic regions outside Europe, the U.S.A., and Canada. This paper presents three main guiding questions addressing key research gaps related to air infiltration in buildings and its impact on energy performance and indoor comfort. The proposed questions and answers aim to build upon existing knowledge, provide valuable insights for ongoing and future research, and inspire exploration into innovative strategies for improving building energy efficiency and occupant well-being. It also provides a list of actionable recommendations for air infiltration testing and research to address the now-apparent gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards equitable and sustainable indoor air quality guidelines − A perspective on mandating indoor air quality for public buildings","authors":"Ulla Haverinen-Shaughnessy ,&nbsp;Marzenna R. Dudzinska ,&nbsp;Samy Clinchard ,&nbsp;Sani Dimitroulopoulou ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Fan ,&nbsp;Piet Jacobs ,&nbsp;Henna Maula ,&nbsp;Amelia Staszowska ,&nbsp;Oluyemi Toyinbo ,&nbsp;Ju-Hyeong Park","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A recent article published in Science urges mandatory indoor air quality (IAQ) standards in public spaces, focusing on protecting public health, especially against diseases such as COVID-19, but also IAQ in general (<em>1</em>). Given the significance of this topic to our society, this short communication aims to provide commentary on the article and further discuss the importance of establishing IAQ standards. Citing a lack of legislated standards globally, the authors (<em>1</em>) propose numerical limits for four IAQ parameters: particulate matter (PM_2.5), carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ventilation rate (VR). While recognizing that most of the countries do not have any mandatory IAQ standards, it is also noteworthy that IAQ regulations or guidelines exist in more than 40 countries. We like to emphasize that successful IAQ management requires recognizing, sharing, and reviewing openly available, existing regulations and guidelines, while adapting them to regional characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) framework for exposure from toilet flushing using experimental aerosol concentration measurements","authors":"Ciara A. Higham ,&nbsp;Martín López-García ,&nbsp;Catherine J. Noakes ,&nbsp;Emma Tidswell ,&nbsp;Louise Fletcher","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Flushing a toilet generates aerosols potentially containing microorganisms, serving as a transmission route for pathogens, notably gastrointestinal and respiratory infections. Despite identification of aerosols and positive microbial sampling, there is a lack of quantitative assessments linking aerosol generation to infection risk in toilet settings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We develop a framework to evaluate the infection risk to a second susceptible individual using a shared toilet following faecal shedding and flush aerosolisation by an infected individual. Experimental measurements of particle concentrations from a toilet flush in a controlled chamber are combined with a model using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) methods. We demonstrate the approach for SARS-CoV-2 and norovirus, examining model sensitivity and how adding cubicle space and varying occupancy times affect risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The model suggests non-negligible infection risk from the toilet plume, particularly for pathogens with higher concentrations in faeces. The model suggests norovirus could have a 2 times greater maximum infection risk than SARS-CoV-2. Mean and median risks for all scenarios decreased when the second individual entered 60 s post-flush compared to 0 s. Occupancy times had less impact on risk compared to the timing of entry post-flush.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To mitigate infection risk from shared toilets, ventilating the room before entering is crucial. Allowing time between toilet usages may be more effective compared to reducing occupancy times. Models provide valuable insights into relative impacts of measures and comparison between pathogens, but improved quantitative data is needed, particularly in higher risk scenarios (e.g. hospitals, public events), to quantify absolute risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}