Indoor Environments最新文献_第10页

Causal effects estimation: Using natural experiments in observational field studies in building science 因果效应估计：在建筑科学的实地观察研究中使用自然实验

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100080

Ruiji Sun , Stefano Schiavon , Gail Brager , Haiyan Yan , Thomas Parkinson

{"title":"Causal effects estimation: Using natural experiments in observational field studies in building science","authors":"Ruiji Sun , Stefano Schiavon , Gail Brager , Haiyan Yan , Thomas Parkinson","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Correlational analysis, such as linear regression, does not imply causation. This paper introduces and applies a causal inference framework and a specific method, regression discontinuity, to thermal comfort field studies. The method utilizes policy thresholds in China, where the winter district heating policy is based on cities' geographical locations relative to the Huai River. The approximate latitude of the Huai River can be considered as a natural, geographical threshold, where cities near the threshold are quite similar, except for the availability of district heating in cities north of the threshold, creating a situation similar to a randomized experiment. Using the regression discontinuity method, we quantify the causal effects of the experiment treatment (district heating) on the physical indoor environments and subjective responses of building occupants. We found that mean indoor operative temperatures were 4.3 °C higher, and mean thermal sensation votes were 0.6 warmer due to the district heating. In contrast, using conventional correlational analysis, we demonstrate that the correlation between indoor operative temperature and thermal sensation votes does not accurately reflect the causal relationship between the two. We also show that the indoor operative temperature could be either positively or negatively correlated with occupants’ thermal satisfaction. However, we cannot conclude that increasing the indoor operative temperature in these circumstances will necessarily lead to higher or lower thermal satisfaction. This highlights the importance of causal inference methods in thermal comfort field studies and other observational studies in building science, where the regression discontinuity method might apply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implementing Bayesian inference on a stochastic CO2-based grey-box model 基于随机co2灰盒模型的贝叶斯推理实现

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100079

Shujie Yan , Jiwei Zou , Chang Shu , Justin Berquist , Vincent Brochu , Marc Veillette , Danlin Hou , Caroline Duchaine , Liang (Grace) Zhou , Zhiqiang (John) Zhai , Liangzhu (Leon) Wang

{"title":"Implementing Bayesian inference on a stochastic CO2-based grey-box model","authors":"Shujie Yan , Jiwei Zou , Chang Shu , Justin Berquist , Vincent Brochu , Marc Veillette , Danlin Hou , Caroline Duchaine , Liang (Grace) Zhou , Zhiqiang (John) Zhai , Liangzhu (Leon) Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic brought global attention to indoor air quality (IAQ), which increases public’s awareness on monitoring indoor ventilation conditions significantly. Indoor CO<sub>2</sub> monitoring has been widely accepted as an effective way for indicating IAQ conditions, attributed to its close relationships with indoor air change rates. However, real-time estimation of air change rates or CO<sub>2</sub> emission rates from CO<sub>2</sub> measurement data remains challenging due to uncertainties in factors like random air movements, dynamic conditions (e.g., weather and occupancy), and the limitations of deterministic equations. This study addresses these challenges by applying Bayesian inference to a stochastic CO<sub>2</sub>-based grey-box model, enabling the accurate estimation of ventilation and CO<sub>2</sub> emission rates while accounting for uncertainty. The model’s accuracy and robustness were validated through CO<sub>2</sub> tracer gas experiments, employing constant injection and decay methods in a large-scale aerosol chamber. Both prior and posterior predictive checks (PPC) were performed to verify this approach. The approach proposed by this study improves the interpretation of CO<sub>2</sub> monitoring data, thereby facilitating the future real-time IAQ management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143219429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Personal air cleaning by a user-tracking robot equipped with a nanofiber air cleaner in a large work space 配备纳米纤维空气净化器的用户跟踪机器人在大型工作空间内进行个人空气净化

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100078

Chengzhong Deng , Zhuolun Niu , Chun Chen

{"title":"Personal air cleaning by a user-tracking robot equipped with a nanofiber air cleaner in a large work space","authors":"Chengzhong Deng , Zhuolun Niu , Chun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2025.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In large work spaces, such as logistics warehouses, implementing whole-space air cleaning to protect the workers’ health can be costly. To tackle this issue, the present study developed a user-tracking robot equipped with a nanofiber air cleaner to achieve personal air cleaning for a moving worker in a large work space. First, nanofiber air filters with low pressure drop were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. An air cleaner with a deflector for directing the airflow towards the user’s breathing zone and the nanofiber air filters was assembled and then integrated into a user-tracking robot. Experiments were conducted to measure the clean air delivery rate (CADR) of the nanofiber air cleaner, evaluate the accuracy of the user-tracking algorithm, and determine the optimal deflector setup and user-to-robot distance. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the personal air cleaning performance of the proposed method by comparison with a stationary nanofiber air cleaner. The results show that the user-tracking algorithm of the user-tracking robot was accurate, with an average absolute error in the user-to-robot distance of 4 cm. The user-tracking robot with nanofiber air cleaner outperformed the stationary nanofiber air cleaner by reducing the concentration of 0.3–0.4 μm particles in the breathing zone of the user by 16.4 %. Furthermore, compared with commercial panel-type high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, the use of nanofiber air filters can extend the battery service life, consequently facilitating the practical application of the moving robot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143285892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IAQ and ventilation measurements at the “ZEB Laboratory” office building in Norway 在挪威 "ZEB 实验室 "办公楼测量室内空气质量和通风情况

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100063

Maria Justo Alonso , Hilde Breesch , Thomas Elvrum Lassen , Quinten Carton , Hans Martin Mathisen

{"title":"IAQ and ventilation measurements at the “ZEB Laboratory” office building in Norway","authors":"Maria Justo Alonso , Hilde Breesch , Thomas Elvrum Lassen , Quinten Carton , Hans Martin Mathisen","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to assess indoor environmental quality (IEQ) within a Zero Emission Building (ZEB) office in Norway, focusing on occupant impact (CO<sub>2</sub>, temperature, humidity) and materials/substances influence (formaldehyde, particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC)). It presents a detailed data collection spanning 14 months from March 30th, 2022, to June 1st, 2023. Occupancy varied significantly, affecting measured indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters, with the lowest temperatures recorded on the second floor and specific areas like the canteen experiencing temperature drops during low usage times. Relative humidity levels remained over 20 % in winter despite the building's low occupancy, a notable aspect given Norway's dry winters. PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels stayed below World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, indicating effective pollution management. The study also evaluates the impact of reducing the ventilation rates on IAQ, noting no significant IAQ compromise. An analysis correlating IAQ measurements with building occupants' satisfaction post-intervention revealed that temperature is the most significant factor affecting satisfaction levels, excluding acoustic satisfaction. Occupants generally reported satisfaction with the indoor environmental quality (IEQ), with specific dissatisfaction tied to thermal environment and IAQ, suggesting the importance of temperature control in occupant perception. This research not only provides valuable insights into IEQ management in Zero Energy and Zero Emission office buildings but also emphasizes the critical role of indoor temperature and the potential of wooden structures to stabilize humidity levels, contributing to occupant comfort and satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Personalized low-cost thermal comfort monitoring using IoT technologies 利用物联网技术进行个性化低成本热舒适度监测

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100048

Carlos Chillón Geck , Hayder Alsaad , Conrad Voelker , Kay Smarsly

{"title":"Personalized low-cost thermal comfort monitoring using IoT technologies","authors":"Carlos Chillón Geck , Hayder Alsaad , Conrad Voelker , Kay Smarsly","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal comfort plays an essential role in the well-being and productivity of occupants. Typically, thermal comfort is assessed either through surveys completed by building occupants or through sensor data that is analyzed using thermal comfort models. Automating comfort surveys and data collection processes reduce the risk of information loss, providing more accurate and personalized thermal comfort assessments over longer periods of time. To this end, this paper presents the design and implementation of a thermal comfort monitoring system consisting of low-cost hardware components and using IoT technologies. The system consists of intelligent wireless sensor nodes that collect and process environmental data, a portable main station that integrates and stores data, and a digital survey that provides feedback from building occupants. To ensure accuracy, the low-cost hardware components of the intelligent sensor nodes are calibrated in a climate chamber, using high-precision sensors for reference. After calibration, the system is deployed in a field test where several intelligent sensor nodes collect environmental data in an office, while occupants complete the digital thermal comfort survey. In addition, thermal comfort indexes are computed by the intelligent sensor nodes and compared with the feedback of each building occupant. The results indicate that the low-cost thermal comfort monitoring system successfully collects and integrates thermal comfort data from the intelligent sensor nodes and the digital survey, being able to create personalized thermal comfort profiles. In future work, the system can be used in large-scale thermal comfort surveys, to develop personalized thermal comfort models and to control personalized comfort systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000456/pdfft?md5=f465ce9e832ee4d188392afadcd04acb&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000456-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A field investigation on thermal comfort of kindergarten children in China’s hot summer and cold winter zone during winter 中国夏热冬冷地区幼儿园儿童冬季热舒适度实地调查

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100064

Weiming Chen , Ningrui Liu , Junrui Chang , Qin Wang , Hui Zhang , Yingxin Zhu , Bin Cao

{"title":"A field investigation on thermal comfort of kindergarten children in China’s hot summer and cold winter zone during winter","authors":"Weiming Chen , Ningrui Liu , Junrui Chang , Qin Wang , Hui Zhang , Yingxin Zhu , Bin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preschool children have different thermal characteristic from adults, while research on their thermal comfort within kindergartens remains scarce. This study conducted a survey among 205 children aged 4–6 years and 25 teachers in China, yielding a total of 6441 records. Although the survey area with most indoor temperatures falling below the comfort zone, a significant portion of the survey sessions in class (52 %) reported hot dissatisfaction. Children reported more hot sensations than adults, with almost no cold sensations reported. The mean Thermal Sensation (<em>MTS</em>) of children remained above the neutral point across the surveyed temperature range. The analysis suggests that a primary cause of children's discomfort is over-clothing. The average level of the investigated children’s clothing insulation was 1.78 clo, which was 0.19 clo more than that of the adults in the same environment, equivalent to adding a vest and a T-shirt. Moreover, the children have limited initiative to adjust their clothing. The excessive clothing likely stems from parental overconcern for cold environment, which leading to preventative dressing. Among the surveyed children, those wearing less clothing exhibited better thermal comfort status, underscoring the unnecessity of excessive clothing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Air pollutant exposure concentrations from cooking a meal with a gas or induction cooktop and the effectiveness of two recirculating range hoods with filters 使用燃气灶或电磁炉烹饪食物时的空气污染物暴露浓度，以及两种带过滤器的循环式抽油烟机的效果

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100047

Jiayu Li , Haoran Zhao , Marion L. Russell , William W. Delp , Alexandra Johnson , Xiaochen Tang , Iain S. Walker , Brett C. Singer

{"title":"Air pollutant exposure concentrations from cooking a meal with a gas or induction cooktop and the effectiveness of two recirculating range hoods with filters","authors":"Jiayu Li , Haoran Zhao , Marion L. Russell , William W. Delp , Alexandra Johnson , Xiaochen Tang , Iain S. Walker , Brett C. Singer","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares air pollutant concentrations resulting from cooking with gas or induction cooktops, with or without either of two recirculating range hoods with filters. A meal of pasta, plant-based “meat” sauce and stir-fried broccoli was cooked three times for each cooktop and hood combination in a 158 m<sup>3</sup> room. Time-resolved measurements were made of nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>X</sub>), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), size-resolved particles, and speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during cooking and 30 minutes after cooking. Cooking with induction used half as much energy, produced no discernible NO<sub>X</sub>, and significantly reduced ultrafine particles (UFP, diameter < 100 nm) and CO<sub>2</sub> compared to gas cooktops. Induction produced statistically higher PM<sub>2.5</sub> when calculated using size-resolved particle measurements from one pair of instruments, but the difference was not discernible when calculating from another pair. With gas cooktops, roughly half of the PM<sub>2.5</sub> was in particles smaller than 0.3 μm and thus below the lower quantitation threshold for many optical particle instruments; optical devices may thus substantially under-report PM<sub>2.5</sub> from gas cooking. VOCs did not significantly differ between gas and induction. Both recirculating range hoods substantially reduced all particle sizes when cooking with either fuel, and the reductions were larger for gas cooking. One of the range hoods also substantially lowered some of the VOCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methanol and ethanol in indoor environments 室内环境中的甲醇和乙醇

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100049

William W Nazaroff , Charles J. Weschler

{"title":"Methanol and ethanol in indoor environments","authors":"William W Nazaroff , Charles J. Weschler","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although rarely the subject of focused research, methanol (CH<sub>3</sub>OH) and ethanol (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH) are among the most abundant organic compounds in indoor air. We review the state of knowledge about these alcohols as constituents of indoor air, first summarizing their physical, chemical, biological, and toxicological characteristics. Central tendencies of concentrations measured in ordinary indoor environments are 35 ppb for methanol (median; mean = 34 ppb) and 44 ppb for ethanol (median; mean = 163 ppb), much higher than in outdoor air. Concentration variability can be large both among indoor environments and over time within a given environment. Indoor ethanol concentrations above 1 ppm have been reported. Emissions from occupants contribute substantially to indoor concentrations. Other important indoor sources of methanol include wooden building materials and furnishings. Methanol emissions indoors exhibit substantial increases with increasing temperature. Indoor ethanol concentrations are strongly influenced by episodic emission events, including cooking, cleaning activities, and alcoholic beverage consumption. Homogeneous oxidation pathways appear slow as a removal mechanism relative to ventilation. Evidence regarding the importance of sorption to indoor surfaces is not fully resolved, with known sorptive reservoirs indicating little importance of this process, but a variable-ventilation experiment suggesting substantial reversible sorption for ethanol. Photocatalytic oxidation devices, intended to control indoor levels of volatile organic compounds, have a demonstrated tendency to convert ethanol to acetaldehyde, a more toxic indoor air contaminant. Ethanol transported outdoors from indoor sources may contribute to urban and regional photochemical smog.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence-based strategies for optimizing long-term temperature monitoring in offices 优化办公室长期温度监测的循证策略

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100059

Peixian Li , Xiangjun Zhao , Siyan Wang , Thomas Parkinson , Richard de Dear , Xing Shi

{"title":"Evidence-based strategies for optimizing long-term temperature monitoring in offices","authors":"Peixian Li , Xiangjun Zhao , Siyan Wang , Thomas Parkinson , Richard de Dear , Xing Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term monitoring of the thermal environment in office buildings has become increasingly relevant with the rise of wireless sensor networks. However, there is a notable absence of explicit guidelines for implementing monitoring strategies in such contexts. This lack of direction can lead to inconsistent deployment of sensor networks, resulting in higher maintenance costs and inaccurate long-term assessments of thermal conditions. Based on data analyses of high-accuracy, high-frequency field measurements conducted over a year or longer across multiple offices in Sydney and Shanghai, this study proposes a strategy for long-term temperature monitoring. The strategy advises practitioners to prioritize considerations such as air-conditioning type, room size, and space function when selecting \"representative\" sensor locations. Typically, sampling every 30 min is deemed adequate for shared offices where an error margin of ±0.5°C is acceptable. For environments with stable indoor temperatures, less frequent sampling intervals suffice. A power regression model tailored for offices equipped with central AC and no operable windows was developed to predict the maximum allowable sampling interval based on several days of indoor temperature monitoring in winter. Regarding monitoring duration, the study advocates a preferred sampling period of one year to comprehensively capture seasonal variations. Alternatively, a minimum monitoring period of four to six months commencing in late spring or early summer is identified as potentially sufficient. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing long-term thermal monitoring practices in offices and may contribute to expanding the scope of thermal comfort standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measured PM2.5 indoors and outdoors related to smoking prevalence by Zip code using 14,400 low-cost monitors in California, Washington, and Oregon 使用加利福尼亚州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州的 14 400 个低成本监测器，按邮政编码测量室内外 PM2.5 与吸烟率的关系

Indoor Environments Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100043

Lance Wallace

{"title":"Measured PM2.5 indoors and outdoors related to smoking prevalence by Zip code using 14,400 low-cost monitors in California, Washington, and Oregon","authors":"Lance Wallace","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low-cost monitors have made possible for the first time measurements of long-term (months to years) potential indoor exposures to fine particles. Indoor and outdoor measurements made over nearly 5 years (2017–2021) by the largest network of low-cost monitors in the United States (PurpleAir) are compared to the prevalence of adult smokers in 1650 Zip codes within the three West Coast states of California, Oregon, and Washington. The results show that mean potential indoor exposures above the 75th percentile of adult smoking prevalence are more than 50 % higher than those below the 25th percentile. Mean outdoor concentrations are also elevated, but by a smaller amount (∼ 20 %). Both comparisons are significant at the <em>p</em> < 0.001 level. The elevation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations with increasing smoking prevalence is evidence of environmental disparities in income, education, and other socioeconomic indices. The relatively stronger effect on indoor rather than outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposures highlights the importance of including indoor measurements when possible in environmental justice studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000407/pdfft?md5=20d6ee336e59b8811f007fc8564f3105&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000407-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0