Indoor Environments最新文献

{"title":"Influence of uncomfortable environmental conditions on odor detection thresholds for n-butanol determined with a dynamic dilution olfactometer and in room air","authors":"Vanessa Thiele ,&nbsp;Christian Monsé ,&nbsp;Madlen David ,&nbsp;Malgorzata Debiak ,&nbsp;Marike Kolossa-Gehring ,&nbsp;Thomas Brüning ,&nbsp;Jürgen Bünger ,&nbsp;Kirsten Sucker","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Odor guide values (OGV) are used when a person is exposed to an odor in a room and complains about odor annoyance. OGV are derived from odor detection thresholds (ODT) measured under standard environmental conditions. The study question was whether uncomfortable environmental conditions alter odor perception and should therefore be considered when applying OGV. ODT for n-butanol were determined with an olfactometer and in room air. Twenty healthy, non-smoking volunteers (10 women/10 men, 19–50 years) were selected and trained compliant with the European Standard for Olfactometry EN 13725:2022. Standard conditions were an average temperature between 22 °C and 23 °C, warm light (2800 Kelvin), quiet fan noise (45 dB), 415 ppm carbon dioxide (CO₂), and relative humidity between 34 % and 42 %. On each test day, one of five conditions was examined: high temperature (26°C), cold light (6500 Kelvin), traffic noise (70 dB with peaks up to 85 dB), 1000 ppm CO₂ and 4000 ppm CO₂. Comparability of log-transformed ODT values was assessed by Bland-Altman plot analysis. None of the five conditions systematically affected ODT, either when measured with an olfactometer or in room air. Compared to standard conditions (Limits of Agreement (± LoA) 1.03), the variability of ODT was higher at high temperature (± LoA 1.70) and traffic noise (± LoA 1.45), but not at cold light (± LoA 1.02), 1000 ppm CO₂ (± LoA 0.87) or 4000 ppm CO₂ (± LoA 0.93). The results show that OGV can be used in uncomfortable environmental conditions. However, because ODT were lower or higher in a few subjects at high temperatures and traffic noise, individual occupant’s perception of temperature and noise should always be considered when applying the OGV concept. Furthermore, the results confirm that the experimental determination of ODT should be performed under controlled and standardized environmental conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000328/pdfft?md5=e46c9e3061d298dc779c5e83499ea9a1&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000328-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in paired tap water and house dust from United States homes","authors":"Nicole M. DeLuca ,&nbsp;Jason Boettger ,&nbsp;Kelsey E. Miller ,&nbsp;Christopher Fuller ,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Minucci ,&nbsp;Peter J. Ashley ,&nbsp;David Cox ,&nbsp;Gary DeWalt ,&nbsp;Warren Friedman ,&nbsp;Eugene A. Pinzer ,&nbsp;Karen D. Bradham ,&nbsp;James McCord ,&nbsp;Elaine A. Cohen Hubal","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most people in the United States have been exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) which have been linked to a wide array of adverse health conditions in adults and children. The consumption of contaminated drinking water is an important human exposure pathway to PFAS. Residential sources also contribute to PFAS exposure through dermal contact and ingestion of house dust, which acts as an aggregate of chemicals from sources like furnishing materials and consumer products. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) conducted the first nationwide survey of residential hazards called the American Healthy Homes Survey (AHHS) in 2005, followed by a second survey (AHHS II) in 2017. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collaborated with HUD on both efforts and subsequently analyzed PFAS in household tap water and house dust collected from the same homes during the AHHS II study. This study leverages these paired samples to investigate potentially important exposure sources and pathways in the residential environment. Here we report results for paired household tap water and house dust samples from 241 homes for 13 and 16 PFAS chemicals, respectively. All 13 targeted chemicals were detected in the household tap water samples with detections ranging from 100 % for PFBS to 1 % for PFNS, and all 16 targeted chemicals were detected in the house dust samples with detections ranging from 97 % for PFOA to 9 % for PFNS. Four chemicals (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFHpA) were measured above the limit of detection in at least 50 % of the samples in both media. All households had at least one of the targeted PFAS detected in both their tap water and house dust. Results provided evidence that geographical factors, such as proximity to ambient contamination sources, were main drivers of PFAS contamination in tap water, while PFAS contamination in house dust was driven mainly by within-home sources. Exposure estimates calculated from the measured PFAS concentrations highlight the importance of addressing potential sources of exposure to PFAS within homes in addition to ambient sources affecting communities’ drinking water, particularly to reduce children’s exposure to these chemicals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000304/pdfft?md5=546f5f224fd6a43c63f66d0c04cd2098&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000304-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algorithm-driven estimation of household cooking activity and its impact on indoor PM2.5 assessments","authors":"Sanjana Bhaskar ,&nbsp;Andrew Shapero ,&nbsp;Futu Chen ,&nbsp;MyDzung T. Chu ,&nbsp;Rachel C. Nethery ,&nbsp;Jaime E. Hart ,&nbsp;Gary Adamkiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Household PM_2.5 exposures have adverse health effects, and cooking behaviors are an important source of PM_2.5 in the home. There is a need for accurate measures of cooking activity to better understand its associations with household PM_2.5 since self-reported surveys are often subject to recall bias and misreporting of cooking events.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>In this study, we aimed to address limitations associated with a self-reported cooking metric, by using temperature data to estimate cooking activity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We developed an algorithm to identify cooking events at the 5-minute level using real-time temperature data measured near the stove and in the living room, across 148 households in Chelsea and Dorchester, MA. We compared the number of cooking events identified by this algorithm with cooking events self-reported by participants in daily activity logs and survey responses, and further assessed how these metrics differed with respect to their associations with occurrence of peak PM2.5, in mixed effects logistic regression models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found that 65 % of the cooking events identified by the algorithm were not reported by participants. Furthermore, households classified as frequent vs infrequent cooking households using the algorithm had a larger difference in indoor PM_2.5 levels, compared to households classified by self-report. In mixed effects logistic regression models for elevated household PM_2.5 levels, we observed much stronger associations between household PM_2.5 and algorithm-derived cooking activity (OR: 2.85 [95 % CI: 2.76, 2.95]) as compared to the association between household PM_2.5 and self-reported cooking activity (OR: 1.22 [95 % CI: 1.17, 1.27] for stove use and OR: 1.67 [95 % CI: 1.58, 1.76] for grill use/frying/broiling/sauteing).</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Overall, the algorithm developed in this study presents a data-driven approach to collecting cooking activity data in U.S. households, that may be more indicative of actual cooking events and also more predictive of household PM_2.5 in indoor environmental models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000298/pdfft?md5=ca0459171c50fafddef74de4414ae7a7&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000298-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of methods for predicting physical and chemical properties of organic compounds","authors":"Tunga Salthammer","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For the ecotoxicological assessment of a chemical substance it is important to know its partition behavior. In inanimate nature these are water, soil and air. Indoors it is gas and particle phase, settled house dust and surfaces. Due to the complex interaction of molecules with environmental compartments, their dynamics is usually modeled. However, this requires as precise information as possible about the physical and chemical properties as well as reaction pathways. Traditionally, the parameters necessary for the respective modeling are determined experimentally. However, with the increasing performance of computers, prediction tools based on structure-activity relationships and quantum mechanical calculations have become increasingly popular. The algorithms underlying the respective tools are highly specialized and mathematically sophisticated. Therefore, scientific expertise and extensive experience are needed to assess whether a specific value is reliable or not. This work provides an overview of available databases and prediction tools. It is intended to support the user in selecting accurate molecular parameters of organic substances in order to be able to make reliable statements about the partitioning of these substances in the indoor environment and about exposure of occupants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000286/pdfft?md5=fa36c0bcb297e9f334b42b4c87868ee1&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000286-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141596804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial features of CO2 for occupancy detection in a naturally ventilated school building","authors":"Qirui Huang,&nbsp;Marc Syndicus,&nbsp;Jérôme Frisch,&nbsp;Christoph van Treeck","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate occupancy information helps to improve building energy efficiency and occupant comfort. Occupancy detection methods based on CO₂ sensors have received attention due to their low cost and low intrusiveness. In naturally ventilated buildings, the accuracy of CO₂-based occupancy detection is generally low in related studies due to the complex ventilation behavior and the difficulty in measuring the actual air exchange through windows. In this study, we present two novel features for occupancy detection based on the spatial distribution of the CO₂ concentration. After a quantitative analysis with Support Vector Machine (SVM) as classifier, it was found that the accuracy of occupancy state detection in naturally ventilated rooms could be improved by up to 14.8 percentage points compared to the baseline, reaching 83.2 % (F1 score 0.84) without any ventilation information. With ventilation information, the accuracy reached 87.6 % (F1 score 0.89). The performance of occupancy quantity detection was significantly improved by up to 25.3 percentage points versus baseline, reaching 56 %, with root mean square error (RMSE) of 11.44 occupants, using only CO₂-related features. Additional ventilation information further enhanced the performance to 61.8 % (RMSE 9.02 occupants). By incorporating spatial features, the model using only CO₂-related features revealed similar performance as the model containing additional ventilation information, resulting in a better low-cost occupancy detection method for naturally ventilated buildings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000158/pdfft?md5=7f3a8a89d4d3f2478b5c5a9c8346144f&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000158-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor air pollution and hypertension disease burden among women using low-grade fuels","authors":"Chukwuemeka G. Ogbonna ,&nbsp;Godwin E. Mbamalu ,&nbsp;Udo E. Ahuchaogu ,&nbsp;Samuel I. Ogbaa ,&nbsp;Ijeoma J. Ukpabi","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposures to indoor air pollution from the combustion of Low-grade Fuels (LgFs) is a leading risk factor for global disease burden. Emerging evidence suggest a potential role of PM_2.5 exposures in Blood Pressure (BP) elevation. This study assessed the effects of Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) from the use of LgFs on hypertension disease burden among women in low-income settlements. We measured the kitchen concentrations and personal exposures to PM_2.5 for users of LgFs compared with users of LPG in the city of Aba, Nigeria. The study also assessed hypertension markers for 328 adult women in the population. Association between PM_2.5 exposures and BP was modelled with hierarchical multiple regression, adjusting for major covariates. The indoor PM_2.5 concentrations for users of LgFs ranged from 47.5 to 800.0 μg/m³ while that for LPG users ranged from 33.0 to 112.5 μg/m³. The mean personal exposures were 152.3 μg/m³ and 58.3 μg/m³ for users of LgFs and LPG, respectively. The age-standardized hypertension prevalence in the population was 24.4 % and 15.6 % for users of LgFs and LPG, respectively. Exposures to PM_2.5 moderately predicted SBP among users of LgFs but not among LPG users; the increase in 1 μg/m³ of PM_2.5 exposure resulted to 0.44 mmHg increase in SBP among users LgFs. Long-term exposures to IAP from the use of low-grade fuels is associated with increased SBP and greater risks of systemic hypertension. These findings reinforce the need for public policies towards improving access to, and affordability of LPG as an alternative household fuel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000250/pdfft?md5=4dab6a5ed1d792a17de3fa7db20396d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000250-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying quanta: Determining emission rates from clinical data","authors":"Benjamin Jones ,&nbsp;Christopher Iddon ,&nbsp;Max Sherman","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is important to quantify uncertainty in the viable genomic material encapsulated in the respiratory particles emitted by infected people so that it can be converted into an emission rate as a function of respiratory and metabolic activities and used to estimate the probability of infection for an indoor scenario. Clinical measurements of viral loads for SARS-CoV-2 made using infection surveys, Gesundheit-II samplers, and human challenge studies are evaluated and a mathematical model is derived to estimate the quantum emission rate as a function of the genomic and viable viral loads. Modelled emission rates for SARS-CoV-2 agree with clinical data above detection limits. The viral load is found to vary over at least 6 orders of magnitude because it is person and time dependent, and contingent on many other factors that are difficult to quantify. It is similarly large for other respiratory pathogens. Therefore, the genomic and viable-virion emission rates display similar heterogeneity. When emission rates are used to estimate absolute infection risk using the Wells-Riley model, the predictions are so uncertain that they cannot be used in any meaningful way to provide useful quantitative guidance for designing indoor spaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000225/pdfft?md5=2985f981ba2cfeb37473654ed5e31395&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000225-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long term monitoring of CO2 levels and ventilation rates in a naturally ventilated residential apartment","authors":"Martin de Jode","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indoor CO₂ levels became particularly topical during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In this study a long-term investigation of indoor CO₂ levels in a 1970s built residential apartment in single occupancy is presented. Three NDIR CO₂ sensors were used to measure CO₂ levels over a one-year period. Mean CO₂ levels over this period were 1278 ± 504 ppm, with elevated CO₂ levels of greater than 2000 ppm not uncommon. Subsequent investigations used the single zone mass balance model and the decay of CO₂ in the absence of occupants to estimate the ventilation rates in various configurations. A mean natural ventilation rate of 0.16 ACH was estimated with all windows closed. Opening fan light windows resulted in a mean ventilation rate of 2.86 ACH whereas opening all windows increased the mean ventilation rate to 19.1 ACH. Evidence was observed of the effect of both wind speed and indoor-outdoor temperature difference on the ventilation rates. It was concluded that with all windows closed the natural infiltration rate was insufficient to maintain optimal indoor air quality even in single occupancy. Opening the fan light windows was sufficient to achieve satisfactory indoor air quality but insufficient for the effective inhibition of airborne disease transmission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000274/pdfft?md5=26cfabae04f329b44c2f491364245987&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000274-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic detection of indoor air pollution-related activities using metal-oxide gas sensors and the temporal intrinsic dimensionality estimation of data","authors":"Luiz Miranda ,&nbsp;Caroline Duc ,&nbsp;Nathalie Redon ,&nbsp;João Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Bernadette Dorizzi ,&nbsp;Jugurta Montalvão ,&nbsp;Marie Verriele ,&nbsp;Jérôme Boudy","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ensuring indoor air quality (IAQ) is crucial for safeguarding health, with daily occupant activities serving as significant sources of pollutants. This study addresses the need to identify and mitigate indoor pollution events caused by activities like cleaning and cooking. Employing metal-oxide gas (MOX) sensors, we propose a method that automatically detects indoor air pollution-related activities through intrinsic dimensionality estimation on time-windowed multivariate signals. The approach was validated using a dataset derived from two months of experiments involving 10 common household activities in a 13 m² (46 m³) room, utilizing 21 distinct MOX sensor references. The dataset, which included labeled activities, demonstrated the method’s superior accuracy compared to existing literature, showcasing its robustness against sensor drift. This research contributes to raising awareness, enabling timely intervention, and facilitating the automation of smart ventilation systems to maintain healthy indoor environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000237/pdfft?md5=1a9435d6fbe1352326038e4a72c25a48&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000237-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of odor detection thresholds for n-butanol and benzaldehyde determined with a dynamic dilution olfactometer and in room air","authors":"Vanessa Thiele ,&nbsp;Christian Monsé ,&nbsp;Madlen David ,&nbsp;Malgorzata Debiak ,&nbsp;Marike Kolossa-Gehring ,&nbsp;Thomas Brüning ,&nbsp;Jürgen Bünger ,&nbsp;Kirsten Sucker","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The German Committee on Indoor Air Guide Values (AIR) has developed a concept of odor guide values (OGV) based on odor detection thresholds (ODT) to assess the plausibility of complaints about odor annoyance. ODT were determined directly at the nose with a dynamic dilution olfactometer. However, OGV will be used when a person is exposed to the odor in a room. This study aimed to assess the comparability of ODT determined with a dynamic dilution olfactometer according to the European Standard for Olfactometry EN 13725:2022 with ODT determined in room air under standardized conditions as described in the International Standard ISO 16000–30. ODT for n-butanol and benzaldehyde were determined by each method in 20 healthy, non-smoking volunteers (10 women/10 men, 19–50 years). Participants were screened for normal olfactory function and selected and trained in odor assessment compliant with EN 13725:2022. Comparability of log-transformed ODT values was assessed using Bland-Altman plot analysis. ODT values determined in room air were lower than by dynamic olfactometry. The bias for n-butanol was – 0.48 lg(ppb) (limits of agreement (LoA): – 1.13, + 0.18) and for benzaldehyde – 0.25 lg(ppb) (LoA: – 0.76, + 0.26). Measured differences were considered practically negligible for benzaldehyde, but not for n-butanol. Surface adsorption effects in the dilution system of the olfactometer and differences in the test procedures are discussed as possible causes for this discrepancy. Concluding, ODT determined with an olfactometer directly at the nose are suitable for deriving OGV and can be applied when a person is exposed to odors in room air.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000262/pdfft?md5=0f9ee40ca58499513efab881e378251c&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000262-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}